This table lists all species profiled on PIER with the growth habit = "shrub". An alphabetical index to all PIER species is also available. It includes those of environmental concern (including those that are probably of threat only to islands with high elevations) as well as agricultural and ruderal weeds. Each species is linked by its scientific name to an individual write-up containing relevant information.
Species are listed in alphabetic order. You can browse this list or use the "find" function on your web browser to search by scientific name.
Can't find it here? Check the list of synonyms for other names (the more common synonyms are included below) or search other lists and databases available on the Internet.
Stumped by botanical terms? Here are links to a brief glossary and a search engine for botanical terms.
Scientific name (+Family) | Often-used other Latin names | Habit |
Present on
Pacific Islands? |
Primarily a threat
at high elevations? |
Abutilon grandifolium (Malvaceae) | Abutilon molle Sweet; Sida grandifolia Willd.; Sida mollis Ortega | shrub | Yes | No |
Abutilon indicum (Malvaceae) | Sida indica L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Acacia cyclops (Fabaceae) | Acacia cyclopsis G. Don; Acacia eglandulosa DC.; Acacia mirbelii Dehnh. | shrub/tree | No | No |
Acacia dealbata (Fabaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Acacia holosericea (Fabaceae) | Racosperma holosericeum (A. Cunn. ex G. Don) Pedley | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Acacia insuavis (Fabaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Acacia pycnantha (Fabaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Acacia retinodes (Fabaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Acacia saligna (Fabaceae) | Acacia cyanophylla Lindl.; Mimosa saligna Labill. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Acacia spp. (Fabaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Acaciella angustissima (Fabaceae) | Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze; Acacia boliviana Rusby; Acacia suffrutescens Rose; Acacia texensis Torr. & A. Gray; Mimosa angustissima Mill. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Acca sellowiana (Myrtaceae) | Feijoa sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg; Orthostemon sellowianus O. Berg | shrub | Yes | No |
Acnistus arborescens (Solanaceae) | Atropa arborescens L. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Acokanthera schimperi (Apocynaceae) | Acokanthera ouabaio Cathel. ex L. Lewin; Carissa schimperi A. DC. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Actinidia polygama (Actinidiaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Agonis flexuosa (Myrtaceae) | Metrosideros flexuosa Willd. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Allagoptera arenaria (Arecaceae) | Cocos arenaria Gomes | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Allamanda blanchetii (Apocynaceae) | Allamanda violacea Gardner & Fielding | shrub | Yes | No |
Allamanda schottii (Apocynaceae) | Allamanda cathartica var. schottii (Pohl) L. H. Bailey & Raffill; Allamanda neriifolia Hook. | shrub | Yes | No |
Annona cherimola (Annonaceae) | Annona pubescens Salisb.; Annona tripetala Aiton | shrub | Yes | Yes |
Aphanamixis polystachya (Meliaceae) | Aglaia polystachya Wall.; Amoora rohituka (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.; Andersonia rohituka Roxb.; Ricinocarpodendron polystachyum (Wall.) Mabb. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Ardisia crenata (Primulaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Ardisia elliptica (Primulaceae) | Ardisia humilis sensu Mez, non Vahl | shrub | Yes | No |
Ardisia polysticta (Primulaceae) | Ardisia virens Kurz | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Ardisia sieboldii (Primulaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Ardisia solanacea (Primulaceae) | shrub/tree | No | No | |
Aristotelia chilensis (Elaeocarpaceae) | Aristotelia macqui L'Hér.; Cornus chilensis Molina | shrub | Yes | No |
Artabotrys hexapetalus (Annonaceae) | Artabotrys odoratissimus R. Br. ex Ker Gawl.; Artabotrys uncinatus (Lam.) Merr. | shrub | Yes | No |
Asparagus falcatus (Asparagaceae) | Protasparagus falcatus (L.) Oberm. | shrub | Yes | No |
Asterogyne martiana (Arecaceae) | Geonoma martiana H. Wendl. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Atriplex lentiformis (Chenopodiaceae) | Atriplex breweri S. Watson; Obione lentiformis Torr. | shrub | Yes | No |
Baccharis halimifolia (Asteraceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Bahia ambrosioides (Asteraceae) | shrub | Yes | Yes | |
Banksia ericifolia (Proteaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Banksia sphaerocarpa (Proteaceae) | Sirmuellera sphaerocarpa (R.Br.) Kuntze | shrub/tree | No | No |
Banksia spinulosa (Proteaceae) | Banksia collina R. Br.; Banksia cunninghamii Sieber ex Rchb. | shrub | Yes | No |
Barleria cristata (Acanthaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Barleria lupulina (Acanthaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Barleria prionitis (Acanthaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Batis maritima (Bataceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Bauhinia acuminata (Fabaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Bauhinia purpurea (Fabaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Bixa orellana (Bixaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Bocconia frutescens (Papaveraceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Boehmeria nivea (Urticaceae) | Urtica nivea L.; Urtica tenacissima Roxb. | shrub | Yes | No |
Bonellia macrocarpa (Primulaceae) | Jacquinia aurantiaca W. T. Aiton; Jacquinia macrocarpa Cav.; Jacquinia macrocarpa Cav. subsp. pungens (A. Gray) B. Ståhl; Jacquinia pungens A. Gray | shrub/tree | No | No |
Breynia disticha (Phyllanthaceae) | Breynia nivosa (W. Bull) Small; Phyllanthus nivosus W. G. Sm. | shrub | Yes | No |
Breynia vitis-idaea (Phyllanthaceae) | Breynia rhamnoides (Retz.) Muell.Arg.; Phyllanthus rhamnoides Retz.; Rhamnus vitis-idaea Burm. f.; (more synonyms) | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Brucea javanica (Simaroubaceae) | Brucea amarissima (Lour.) Desv. ex Gomes; Brucea sumatrana Roxb.; Gonus amarissimus Lour.; Rhus javanica L. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae) | Datura suaveolens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. | shrub | Yes | No |
Buddleja asiatica (Scrophulariaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Buddleja davidii (Scrophulariaceae) | Buddleia davidii Franch.; Buddleja variabilis Hemsl. | shrub | Yes | Yes |
Buddleja globosa (Scrophulariaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Buddleja madagascariensis (Scrophulariaceae) | Buddleia madagascariensesLam. | shrub | Yes | Yes |
Buxus sempervirens (Buxaceae) | Buxus colchica Pojark. | shrub/tree | Yes | Yes |
Byrsonima crassifolia (Malpighiaceae) | Malpighia crassifolia L. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Caesalpinia decapetala (Fabaceae) | Caesalpinia japonica Siebold & Zucc.; Caesalpinia septaria Roxb.; Reichardia decapetala Roth | shrub | Yes | No |
Caesalpinia major (Fabaceae) | Bonduc majus Medik.; Caesalpinia globulorum Bakh. & P. Royen; Caesalpinia major sensu Brenan (misapplied to Caesalpinia volkensii Harms); Guilandina ovalifolia (Urb.) Britton | shrub/vine | Yes | No |
Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Fabaceae) | Poinciana pulcherrima L. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Caesalpinia sappan (Fabaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Cajanus cajan (Fabaceae) | Cajanus bicolor DC.; Cajanus indicus Spreng.; Cytisus cajan L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Calamus caesius (Arecaceae) | Calamus glaucescens Blume; Palmijuncus caesius (Blume) Kuntze; Palmijuncus glaucescens Kuntze; Rotang caesius (Blume) Baill. | shrub/vine | No | No |
Callaeum macropterum (Malpighiaceae) | Hiraea macroptera DC.; Mascagnia macroptera (DC.) Nied. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Calliandra calothyrsus (Fabaceae) | Calliandra houstoniana (Mill.) Standl. var. acapulcensis (Mill.) Barneby; Calliandra houstoniana (Miller) Standl. var. calothyrsus (Meisn.) Barneby | shrub | Yes | No |
Calliandra haematocephala (Fabaceae) | Calliandra inaequilatera Rusby | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Calliandra surinamensis (Fabaceae) | Calliandra tenuiflora Benth. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Callicarpa japonica (Lamiaceae) | Callicarpa glabra Koidz. | shrub | Yes | No |
Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae) | Asclepias procera Aiton | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Cananga odorata (Annonaceae) | Canangium odoratum (Lam.) Baill. ex King; Uvaria odorata Lam. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Carludovica palmata (Cyclanthaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Cestrum aurantiacum (Solanaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Cestrum auriculatum (Solanaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Cestrum diurnum (Solanaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Cestrum elegans (Solanaceae) | Cestrum purpureum (Lindl.) Standl.; Habrothamnus elegans Brongn. ex Neumann; Habrothamnus purpureus Lindl. | shrub | Yes | No |
Cestrum nocturnum (Solanaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Cestrum parqui (Solanaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Chamaecrista nictitans (Fabaceae) | Cassia aeschinomene DC. ex Collad.; Cassia lechenaultiana DC.; Cassia leschenaultiana; Cassia mimosoides sensu auct. non L. (in Sykes, 1970); Cassia nictitans L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Chamaedorea seifrizii (Arecaceae) | Chamaedorea erumpens H. E. Moore | shrub | Yes | No |
Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) | Eupatorium odoratum L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Chromolaena squalida (Asteraceae) | Eupatorium squalidum DC. | shrub | No | No |
Chrysobalanus icaco (Chrysobalanaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Citrus hystrix (Rutaceae) | Citrus auraria Michel; Citrus echinata St.-Lag.; Citrus latipes Hook. f.& Thomson; Citrus papeda Miq.; Citrus torosa Blanco; Fortunella sagittifolia K. M. Feng & P. I Mao; Papeda rumphii Hassk. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Clerodendrum chinense (Lamiaceae) | Clerodendrum fragrans (Hort. ex Vent.) Willd.; Clerodendrum philippinumSchauer | shrub | Yes | No |
Clerodendrum incisum (Lamiaceae) | Clerodendrum macrosiphon Hook. f.; Rotheca incisa (Klotzsch) Steane & Mabb. | shrub | No | No |
Clerodendrum japonicum (Lamiaceae) | Clerodendrum squamatum Vahl; Volkameria japonica Thunb. | shrub | Yes | No |
Clerodendrum macrostegium (Lamiaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Clerodendrum paniculatum (Lamiaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Clerodendrum quadriloculare (Lamiaceae) | Ligustrum quadriloculare Blanco | shrub | Yes | No |
Clerodendrum speciosissimum (Lamiaceae) | Clerodendrum blumeanum Schauer; Clerodendrum buchananii var. fallax (Roxburgh) Walpers; Clerodendrum fallax Lindl. | shrub | Yes | No |
Clerodendrum wallichii (Lamiaceae) | Clerodendrum nutans Wall. ex D. Don | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae) | Melastoma hirtum L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Clitoria laurifolia (Fabaceae) | Clitoria cajanifolia (C. Presl) Benth. | shrub | No | No |
Clusia orthoneura (Clusiaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Coccoloba uvifera (Polygonaceae) | Coccolobis uvifera (L.) Crantz; Polygonum uviferum L. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Conocarpus erectus (Combretaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Conyza leucantha (Asteraceae) | Conyza viscidula Wall. ex DC.; Erigeron leucanthus D. Don | shrub | Yes | No |
Coprosma repens (Rubiaceae) | Coprosma baueri auct. | shrub/tree | Yes | Yes |
Cordia curassavica (Boraginaceae) | Cordia macrostachya (Jacquin) Roemer & Schultes | shrub | No | No |
Cordia monoica (Boraginaceae) | shrub/tree | No | No | |
Cotinus coggygria (Anacardiaceae) | Rhus cotinus L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Cotoneaster pannosus (Rosaceae) | shrub | Yes | Yes | |
Cratoxylum formosum (Clusiaceae) | Elodes formosa Jack | shrub/tree | No | No |
Crotalaria berteroana (Fabaceae) | Crotalaria fulva Roxb. | shrub | Yes | No |
Crotalaria goreensis (Fabaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Crotalaria grahamiana (Fabaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Crotalaria incana (Fabaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Crotalaria longirostrata (Fabaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Crotalaria micans (Fabaceae) | Crotalaria anagyroides Kunth; Crotalaria brachystachys Benth. | shrub | Yes | No |
Crotalaria pallida (Fabaceae) | Crotalaria brownei Bertero ex DC.; Crotalaria mucronata Desv.; Crotalaria striata DC. | shrub | Yes | No |
Cuphea ignea (Lythraceae) | Cuphea platycentra Lem.; Parsonia ignea (A. DC) Standl. | shrub | Yes | No |
Cupressus goveniana (Cupressaceae) | Callitropsis abramsiana (C. B. Wolf) D. P. Little; Callitropsis goveniana (Gordon) D. P. Little; Cupressus abramsiana C. B. Wolf; Cupressus pigmaea (Lemmon) Sarg.; Hesperocyparis abramsiana (C. B. Wolf) Bartel; Neocupressus goveniana (Gordon) de Laub. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Cytisus scoparius (Fabaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Datura metel (Solanaceae) | Datura alba Nees; Datura chlorantha Hook.; Datura fastuosa L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Desmodium incanum (Fabaceae) | Desmodium canum (J. F. Gmel.) Schinz & Thell.; Meibomia cana (J. F. Gmel.) S. F. Blake | shrub | Yes | No |
Desmodium nicaraguense (Fabaceae) | Meibomia nicaraguensis (Oerst.) Kuntze; Meibomia rensonii J. H. Painter ex Renson | shrub | Yes | No |
Dichrostachys cinerea (Fabaceae) | Cailliea glomerata (Forsskal) J.F. Macbr.; Dichrostachys glomerata (Forssk.) Chiov.; Dichrostachys nutans (Pers.) Benth.; Mimosa cinerea L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Dillenia suffruticosa (Dilleniaceae) | Wormia suffruticosa Griff. ex Hook. f. & Thomson | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Dovyalis hebecarpa (Salicaceae) | Aberia gardneri Clos; Rumea hebecarpa Gardner | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Duranta erecta (Verbenaceae) | Duranta ellisia Jacq.; Duranta plumieri Jacq.; Duranta repens L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Elaeagnus umbellata (Elaeagnaceae) | Elaeagnus parvifolia Wall. ex Royle | shrub | Yes | Yes |
Elaeocarpus hainanensis (Elaeocarpaceae) | shrub/tree | No | No | |
Erica lusitanica (Ericaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Erythrina corallodendrum (Fabaceae) | Erythrina corallodendron L. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Erythrina speciosa (Fabaceae) | Erythrina reticulata C. Presl | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Escallonia rubra var. macrantha (Escalloniaceae) | Stereoxylon rubrum Ruiz & Pav. | shrub | Yes | Yes |
Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae) | Eugenia brasiliana (L.) Aubl.; Eugenia myrtifolia Salisb. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Euphorbia stenoclada (Euphorbiaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Flemingia strobilifera (Fabaceae) | Flemingia fruticulosa Wall. ex Benth.; Hedysarum strobiliferum L.; Moghania strobilifera (L.) A. St.-Hil. ex Kuntze | shrub | Yes | No |
Flueggea virosa (Phyllanthaceae) | Phyllanthus virosus Roxb. ex Willd.; Securinega virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Baill. | shrub | Yes | No |
Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae) | Rhamnus frangula L. | shrub | No | No |
Frangula californica (Rhamnaceae) | Rhamnus californica Eschsch.; Rhamnus frangula L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Fuchsia arborescens (Onagraceae) | shrub | No | Yes | |
Fuchsia magellanica (Onagraceae) | shrub | Yes | Yes | |
Fuchsia paniculata (Onagraceae) | shrub | Yes | Yes | |
Genista monspessulana (Fabaceae) | Cytisus monspessulanus L.; Teline monspessulana (L.) K. Koch | shrub | Yes | No |
Gmelina asiatica (Verbenaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Gmelina elliptica (Verbenaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Gomphocarpus fruticosus (Apocynaceae) | Asclepias decipiens N. E. Br.; Asclepias flavida N. E. Br.; Asclepias fruticosa L.; Asclepias rostrata N. E. Br.; Asclepias setosus Forssk. | shrub | Yes | No |
Gomphocarpus physocarpus (Apocynaceae) | Asclepias brasiliensis (E. Fourn.) Schltr.; Asclepias physocarpa (E. Mey.) Schlechter; Gomphocarpus brasiliensis E. Fourn. | shrub | Yes | No |
Gossypium barbadense (Malvaceae) | Gossypium brasiliense Macfad.; Gossypium peruvianum Cav. | shrub | Yes | No |
Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae) | Gossypium punctatum Schumach.; Gossypium religiosum L.; Gossypium taitense Parl. | shrub | Yes | No |
Grevillea rosmarinifolia (Proteaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Grewia micrantha (Malvaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Grewia truncata (Malvaceae) | Grewia retusa Chiov. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Guaiacum sanctum (Zygophyllaceae) | Guaiacum guatemalense Planch. ex Rydb. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Gymnosporia emarginata (Celastraceae) | Celastrus emarginata Willd.; Maytenus emarginata (Willd.) Ding Hou | shrub | Yes | No |
Hakea salicifolia (Proteaceae) | Embothrium salicifolium Vent.; Hakea saligna (Andrews) Knight | shrub/tree | No | No |
Hamelia patens (Rubiaceae) | Hamelia erecta Jacq.; Hamelia nodosa M. Martens & Galeotti | shrub | Yes | No |
Heliotropium foertherianum (Boraginaceae) | Argusia argentea (L. f.) Heine; Messerschmidia argentea (L. f.) I.M. Johnst.; Tournefortia argentea Linnaeus filius | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Heteromeles arbutifolia (Rosaceae) | Heteromeles salicifolia (C. Presl) Abrams; Photinia arbutifolia Lindl.; Photinia salicifolia C. Presl | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Hibiscus syriacus (Malvaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Hippophae rhamnoides (Elaeagnaceae) | Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson | shrub | No | No |
Hiptage benghalensis (Malpighiaceae) | Hiptage madablota Gaertn. | shrub | Yes | No |
Hypericum androsaemum (Hypericaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Hypericum calycinum (Hypericaceae) | shrub | Yes | Yes | |
Hypericum canariense (Hypericaceae) | Hypericum floribundum Aiton | shrub | Yes | No |
Ilex cassine (Aquifoliaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Ilex vomitoria (Aquifoliaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Indigofera hirsuta (Fabaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Indigofera suffruticosa (Fabaceae) | Indigofera anil L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (Convolvulaceae) | Ipomoea crassicaulis (Benth.) B. L. Rob.; Ipomoea fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy | shrub | Yes | No |
Ixora coccinea (Rubiaceae) | Ixora fraseri hort. ex Gentil; Ixora lutea Hutch. | shrub | Yes | No |
Jasminum dichotomum (Oleaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae) | Jatropha staphysagrifolia Mill. | shrub | Yes | No |
Jatropha multifida (Euphorbiaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Justicia carnea (Acanthaceae) | Jacobinia carnea (Lindl.) G. Nicholson; Jacobinia magnifica (Nees) Voss; Jacobinia velutina (Nees) Voss; Justicia magnifica Pohl ex Nees, nom. inval. | shrub | Yes | No |
Justicia spicigera (Acanthaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Lawsonia inermis (Lythraceae) | Lawsonia alba Lam. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Leptospermum laevigatum (Myrtaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Leptospermum polygalifolium (Myrtaceae) | Leptospermum flavescens Sm. | shrub | Yes | No |
Leycesteria formosa (Caprifoliaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Ligustrum japonicum (Oleaceae) | Ligustrum coriaceum Carrière | shrub | Yes | No |
Ligustrum lucidum (Oleaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Ligustrum ovalifolium (Oleaceae) | Ligustrum medium Franch. & Sav. | shrub | Yes | No |
Ligustrum robustum (Oleaceae) | Ligustrum walkeri Decne. | shrub/tree | No | No |
Ligustrum sinense (Oleaceae) | Ligustrum indicum (Lour.) Merr.; Ligustrum microcarpum Kaneh. & Sasaki | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Lobelia tupa (Campanulaceae) | shrub | Yes | Yes | |
Lupinus albifrons (Fabaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Lycium barbarum (Solanaceae) | Lycium halimifolium Mill.; Lycium vulgare Dunal | shrub | Yes | No |
Lycium chinense (Solanaceae) | Lycium ovatum Loisel. | shrub | Yes | No |
Malvastrum tomentosum (Malvaceae) | Malva tomentosa L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Malvaviscus arboreus (Malvaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Malvaviscus penduliflorus (Malvaceae) | Malvaviscus arboreus var. penduliflorus (DC.) Schery | shrub | Yes | No |
Medinilla cumingii (Melastomataceae) | Medinilla cummingii Naudin, spelling variant | shrub | Yes | No |
Medinilla magnifica (Melastomataceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Medinilla scortechinii (Melastomataceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Medinilla venosa (Melastomataceae) | Melastoma venosum Blume | shrub | Yes | No |
Megaskepasma erythrochlamys (Acanthaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Melaleuca bracteata (Myrtaceae) | Melaleuca monticola J. M. Black | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Melaleuca nesophila (Myrtaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Melastoma sanguineum (Melastomataceae) | Melastoma decemfidum Roxb. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Melochia umbellata (Malvaceae) | Melochia indica Kurz; Visenia umbellata Houtt. | shrub | Yes | No |
Memecylon floribundum (Melastomataceae) | Memecylon caeruleum Jack | shrub | No | No |
Miconia nervosa (Melastomataceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Miconia racemosa (Melastomataceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Mimosa diplotricha (Fabaceae) | Mimosa invisa Mart. | shrub | Yes | No |
Mimosa pigra (Fabaceae) | Mimosa hispida Willd.; Mimosa pellita Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. | shrub | Yes | No |
Mimusops caffra (Sapotaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Montanoa hibiscifolia (Asteraceae) | Eriocoma hibiscifolia (Benth.) Kuntze | shrub | Yes | No |
Muehlenbeckia platyclada (Polygonaceae) | Homalocladium platycladum (F. Muell.) L. H. Bailey; Polygonum platycladum F. Muell. | shrub | Yes | No |
Murraya paniculata (Rutaceae) | Murraya exotica L. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Nandina domestica (Berberidaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae) | Nerium indicum Mill.; Nerium odorum Aiton | shrub | Yes | No |
Nypa fruticans (Arecaceae) | Nipa fruticans Thunb. | shrub | Yes | No |
Ochna integerrima (Ochnaceae) | Elaeocarpus integerrimus Lour. | shrub/tree | No | No |
Ochna kirkii (Ochnaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Ochna serrulata (Ochnaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Ochna thomasiana (Ochnaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Odontonema cuspidatum (Acanthaceae) | Odontonema strictum hort.; Thyrsacanthus cuspidatus Nees | shrub | Yes | No |
Odontonema tubaeforme (Acanthaceae) | Justicia coccinea hort.; Justicia tubaeformis Bertol.; Odontonema strictum (Nees) O. Kuntze; Odontonema tubiforme (Bertol.) Kuntze; Thyrsacanthus strictus Nees | shrub | Yes | No |
Osmoxylon lineare (Araliaceae) | Boerlagiodendron lineare Merr. | shrub | Yes | No |
Ossaea marginata (Melastomataceae) | Clidemia marginata (Desr.) DC.; Melastoma marginata Desr.; Pentossaea marginata (Desr.) Judd | shrub | No | No |
Oxyspora paniculata (Melastomataceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Paraserianthes lophantha (Fabaceae) | Albizia distachya (Vent.) J. F. Macbr.; Albizia lophantha (Willd.) Benth.; Albizia montana (Jungh.) Benth.; Inga montana Jungh. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Pereskia aculeata (Cactaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Philadelphus karwinskyanus (Hydrangeaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Phlogacanthus turgidus (Acanthaceae) | Meninia turgida Fua ex Hook. f. | shrub | No | No |
Photinia davidiana (Rosaceae) | Stransvaesia davidiana Decne. | shrub | Yes | Yes |
Phyllanthus reticulatus (Phyllanthaceae) | Kirganelia reticulata (Poir.) Baill. | shrub | Yes | No |
Phyllostachys aurea (Poaceae) | Phyllostachys formosana Hayata | shrub | Yes | No |
Phyllostachys bissetii (Poaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Phyllostachys flexuosa (Poaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Phyllostachys nigra (Poaceae) | Bambusa nigra Lodd. ex Lindl. | shrub | Yes | No |
Physalis peruviana (Solanaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Phytolacca octandra (Phytolaccaceae) | Phytolacca icosandra L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Piper auritum (Piperaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Pittosporum crassifolium (Pittosporaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Pittosporum pentandrum (Pittosporaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Pittosporum tobira (Pittosporaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Pluchea carolinensis (Asteraceae) | Conyza carolinensis Jacq.; Pluchea symphytifolia auct. | shrub | Yes | No |
Pluchea indica (Asteraceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Polyscias cumingiana (Araliaceae) | Aralia filicifolia C. Moore ex E. Fourn.; Polyscias filicifolia (C. Moore ex E. Fourn.) L. H. Bailey; Polyscias rumphiana Harms | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Portulacaria afra (Portulacaceae) | Crassula portulacaria L. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Prunus cerasifera (Rosaceae) | shrub/tree | No | No | |
Prunus grisea (Rosaceae) | Pygeum griseum Blume ex Müll. Berol.; Pygeum latifolium Miq.; Pygeum preslii Merr. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Acanthaceae) | Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum (W. Bull) Radlk.; Pseuderanthemum reticulatum Radlk. | shrub | Yes | No |
Psidium guineense (Myrtaceae) | Psidium aracá Raddi; Psidium molle Bertol; Psidium schiedeanum Berg. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Psychotria carthagenensis (Rubiaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae) | Cotoneaster angustifolia Franch. | shrub | Yes | Yes |
Pyracantha crenatoserrata (Rosaceae) | Photinia crenatoserrata Hance; Pyracantha crenulata var. yunnanensis M. Vilm. ex Mottet; Pyracantha fortuneana auct.; Pyracantha gibbsii var. yunnanensis Osborn; Pyracantha yunnanensis (P. Vilm. ex Mottet) Chitt. | shrub | Yes | Yes |
Pyracantha koidzumii (Rosaceae) | Cotoneaster koidzumii Hayata | shrub | Yes | Yes |
Rauvolfia vomitoria (Apocynaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Reinhardtia gracilis (Arecaceae) | Malortiea gracilis H. Wendl. | shrub | Yes | No |
Rhaphiolepis indica (Rosaceae) | Crataegus indica L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Rosaceae) | Laurus umbellata Thunb.; Rhaphiolepis japonica Siebold & Zucc. | shrub | Yes | No |
Rhododendron indicum (Ericaceae) | Azalea indica L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Myrtaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Rhus taitensis (Anacardiaceae) | Melanococca taitensis (Guillemin) Young; Rhus simaroubifolia A. Gray | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Roldana petasitis (Asteraceae) | Cineraria petasitis Sims; Senecio petasitis (Sims) DC. | shrub | Yes | No |
Rosa laevigata (Rosaceae) | shrub | Yes | Yes | |
Rosa multiflora (Rosaceae) | shrub | Yes | Yes | |
Rosenbergiodendron formosum (Rubiaceae) | Gardenia mussaenda L. f.; Mussaenda formosa Jacq.; Randia formosa (Jacq.) K. Schum.; Randia mussaenda (L. f.) DC. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Rotheca myricoides (Lamiaceae) | Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) Vatke; Clerodendrum ugandense Prain; Spironema myricoides Hochst. | shrub | Yes | No |
Rotheca serrata (Lamiaceae) | Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon; Volkameria serrata L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Rubus 'Marion' (Rosaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Rubus 'Natchez' (Rosaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Rubus 'Triple Crown' (Rosaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Rubus adenotrichos (Rosaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Rubus alceifolius (Rosaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Rubus argutus (Rosaceae) | Rubus penetrans L. H. Bailey | shrub | Yes | No |
Rubus discolor (Rosaceae) | Rubus armeniacus Focke | shrub | Yes | No |
Rubus ellipticus (Rosaceae) | shrub | Yes | Yes | |
Rubus glaucus (Rosaceae) | shrub | Yes | Yes | |
Rubus loganobaccus (Rosaceae) | Rubus ursinus var. loganobaccus (L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey | shrub | Yes | No |
Rubus megalococcus (Rosaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Rubus moluccanus (Rosaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Rubus niveus (Rosaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Rubus rosifolius (Rosaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Rubus sieboldii (Rosaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Rubus ulmifolius (Rosaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Ruellia squarrosa (Acanthaceae) | Dipteracanthus squarrosus Fenzl | shrub | Yes | No |
Russelia equisetiformis (Plantaginaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Ruttya fruticosa (Acanthaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Sanchezia parvibracteata (Acanthaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Sanchezia speciosa (Acanthaceae) | Sanchezia nobilis often misapplied; it is a separate species. | shrub | Yes | No |
Sauropus androgynus (Euphorbiaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Schaueria azaleiflora (Acanthaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Schefflera arboricola (Araliaceae) | Heptapleurum arboricola Hayata | shrub | Yes | No |
Searsia lancea (Anacardiaceae) | Rhus lancea L. f. (basionym); Rhus viminalis Aiton | shrub/tree | No | No |
Senegalia pennata subsp. insuavis (Fabaceae) | Acacia insuavis Lace; Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. subsp. insuavis (Lace) I. C. Nielsen; Senegalia insuavis (Lace) Pedley | shrub | Yes | No |
Senna alata (Fabaceae) | Cassia alata L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Senna artemisioides (Fabaceae) | Cassia artemisioides Gaudich. ex DC.; Cassia circinnata Benth.; Cassia desolata F. Muell.; Cassia eremophila Benth.; Cassia nemophila A. Cunn. ex Vogel; Cassia sturtii R. Br. | shrub | No | No |
Senna bicapsularis (Fabaceae) | Cassia bicapsularis L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Senna hirsuta (Fabaceae) | Cassia hirsuta L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Senna multiglandulosa (Fabaceae) | Cassia tomentosa L. f. | shrub | Yes | No |
Senna multijuga (Fabaceae) | Cassia multijuga L. Richard | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Senna occidentalis (Fabaceae) | Cassia occidentalis L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Senna pendula (Fabaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Senna septemtrionalis (Fabaceae) | Cassia laevigata Willd.; Cassia septemtrionalis Viv. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Senna sophera (Fabaceae) | Cassia sophera L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Sesbania punicea (Fabaceae) | Daubentonia punicea (Cav.) DC.; Piscidia punicea Cav. | shrub | No | No |
Sesbania sesban (Fabaceae) | Aeschynomene sesban L.; Sesban aegyptiacus Poir.; Sesbania aegyptiaca (Poir.) Pers. | shrub | Yes | No |
Sida cordifolia (Malvaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Sida glomerata (Malvaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Sida rhombifolia (Malvaceae) | Sida microphylla Cav. | shrub | Yes | No |
Sida urens (Malvaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Sidastrum micranthum (Malvaceae) | Sida micranthum St. Hil. | shrub | Yes | No |
Sidastrum paniculatum (Malvaceae) | Sida paniculata L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Solanum glaucophyllum (Solanaceae) | Solanum glaucum Dunal; Solanum malacoxylon Sendtn. | shrub/tree | No | No |
Solanum linnaeanum (Solanaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Solanum mammosum (Solanaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Solanum marginatum (Solanaceae) | shrub | Yes | Yes | |
Solanum mauritianum (Solanaceae) | Solanum auriculatum Ait.; Solanum verbascifolium L. var. auriculatum (Ait.) Ktze. | shrub | Yes | No |
Solanum pseudocapsicum (Solanaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Solanum quitoense (Solanaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Solanum robustum (Solanaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Solanum torvum (Solanaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Spartium junceum (Fabaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Spiraea cantoniensis (Rosaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Strobilanthes dyeriana (Acanthaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Strobilanthes hamiltoniana (Acanthaceae) | Diflugossa colorata (Nees) Bremek.; Goldfussia colorata Nees; Ruellia hamiltoniana Steud. | shrub | Yes | No |
Stylosanthes scabra (Fabaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Suriana maritima (Surianaceae) | (no species-level synonyms found) | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Syzygium australe (Myrtaceae) | Eugenia australis J. C. Wendl. ex Link; Eugenia myrtifolia Sims | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Tamarix aphylla (Tamaricaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Tamarix gallica (Tamaricaceae) | shrub/tree | No | No | |
Tamarix parviflora (Tamaricaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Tecoma castanifolia (Bignoniaceae) | Stenolobium castanifolium D. Don; Tecoma gaudichaudii DC. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Tephrosia candida (Fabaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Tephrosia glomeruliflora (Fabaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Tetrapanax papyrifer (Araliaceae) | Aralia papyrifera Hook. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Tetrazygia bicolor (Melastomataceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Thespesia populnea (Malvaceae) | Hibiscus populneoides Roxb.; Hibiscus populneus L.; Thespesia macrophylla Blume; Thespesia populneoides (Roxb.) Kostel. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Tibouchina granulosa (Melastomataceae) | Melastoma granulosum Desr. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Tibouchina herbacea (Melastomataceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Tibouchina urvilleana (Melastomataceae) | Tibouchina semidecandra (DC.) Cogn. | shrub | Yes | No |
Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae) | Mirasolia diversifolia Hemsl. | shrub | Yes | No |
Topobea parasitica (Melastomataceae) | Blakea parasitica (Aubl.) D. Don | shrub | No | No |
Toxicodendron succedaneum (Anacardiaceae) | Rhus succedanea L.; Toxicodendron succedanea (L.) Mold. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Triphasia trifolia (Rutaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Triumfetta rhomboidea (Malvaceae) | Triamfetta bartramia L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Triumfetta semitriloba (Malvaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Ugni molinae (Myrtaceae) | Eugenia ugni Hook. & Arn.; Myrtus molinae Barnéoud ex Gay; Myrtus ugni Molina | shrub | Yes | No |
Ulex europaeus (Fabaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Urena lobata (Malvaceae) | Urena sinuata L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Vaccinium corymbosum (Ericaceae) | Vaccinium 'Southern Highbush'; Vaccinium atlanticum E. P. Bicknell; Vaccinium constablaei A. Gray | shrub | No | No |
Vaccinium virgatum (Ericaceae) | Vaccinium amoenum Aiton; Vaccinium ashei J. M. Reade | shrub | No | No |
Vachellia campeachiana (Fabaceae) | Acacia cochliacantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.; Acacia cymbispina Sprague & L. Riley; Mimosa campeachiana Mill. | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Vachellia farnesiana (Fabaceae) | Mimosa farnesiana L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Verbesina turbacensis (Asteraceae) | shrub/tree | No | No | |
Vitex agnus-castus (Lamiaceae) | shrub | Yes | No | |
Vitex parviflora (Lamiaceae) | shrub/tree | Yes | No | |
Vitex trifolia (Lamiaceae) | Vitex agnus-castus var. javanica; Vitex agnus-castus var. subtrisecta; Vitex agnus-castus var. trifolia Kurz; Vitex benthamiana Domin; Vitex bicolor Willd.; Vitex indica Mill.; Vitex integerrima Mill.; Vitex iriomotensis Ohwi; Vitex langundi W. G. Maxwell; Vitex negundo var. bicolor (Willd.) H. J. Lam; Vitex negundo var. philippinensis Moldenke; Vitex neocaledonica Gand.; Vitex paniculata Lam.; Vitex petiolaris Domin; Vitex rotundifolia f. heterophylla (Makino ex H Hara) Kitam; Vitex rotundifolia var. heterophylla Makino ex H. Hara; Vitex triphylla Royle; Vitex variifolia Salisb.; Vitis triphylla Noronha | shrub/tree | Yes | No |
Volkameria inermis (Lamiaceae) | Clerodendrum commersonii (Poir.) Spreng.; Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn.; Volkameria commersonii Poir. | shrub | Yes | No |
Waltheria indica (Malvaceae) | Waltheria americana L. | shrub | Yes | No |
Wikstroemia indica (Thymelaeaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Wikstroemia ridleyi (Thymelaeaceae) | shrub | No | No | |
Yucca aloifolia (Asparagaceae) | shrub | Yes | No |