Tephrosia candida Roxb. ex DC., Fabaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results: 

Reject, score: 11 (Go to the risk assessment (Australia))
High risk, score: 8 (Go to the risk assessment (Pacific))

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: bai hui mao dou

English: white hoary pea, white tephrosia

French: indigo blanc, indigo sauvage

Pohnpeian: uppin

Habit:  shrub

Description:  "Herbs, perennial, suffrutescent, 1-3.5 m tall. Stems ridged, grayish white tomentose, trichomes ca. 1 mm. Leaves 17-25-foliolate; rachis 15-25 cm, including petiole 1-3; leaflet blades oblong, 3-6 x 0.6-1.4 cm, abaxially densely sericeous, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins 30-50 on each side of midvein. Pseudoracemes terminal or lateral, 15-20 cm. Pedicel ca. 1 cm, densely white villous. Flowers ca. 2 cm. Calyx ca. 5 x 5 mm; teeth equal, ca. 1 mm, apex rounded. Corolla white, rarely yellow or pale pink; standard densely sericeous. Ovary tomentose, with numerous ovules. Legume linear, 8-10 cm x 7.5-8.5 mm, straight, brown tomentose with a mixture of long and short trichomes, apex truncate and with a straight ca. 1 cm beak. Seeds 10-15 per legume, olive-green with dark patches, ellipsoid, ca. 5 x 3.5 mm, smooth"  (Flora of China online).

Habitat/ecology:  (no habitat/ecology info known by PIER)

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  India, Bhutan and Nepal (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 13) Voucher: Flynn 7102 (PTBG, BISH, US)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 397) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 13) Voucher: Flynn 7093 (PTBG, BISH, US)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1991) (voucher ID: BISH 664989) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida Roxb. ex DC.
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 390) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 13) Voucher: Flynn 7017 (PTBG, BISH, US)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 350) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 13) Voucher: Flynn 7064 (PTBG, BISH, US)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 376) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Miti‘aro Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 13) Voucher: Flynn 7049 (PTBG)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Miti‘aro Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 371) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1980) (voucher ID: BISH 659293) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida Roxb. ex DC.
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1980) (voucher ID: PTBG 23994) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 119)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced invasive	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 97) Vouchers cited: E.Y. Hosaka 3543 (BISH, PTBG), S. Perlman 21462 (PTBG) Possibly naturalized
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 659294) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida Roxb. ex DC.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1946) (voucher ID: PTBG 23355) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 119)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 488579) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida Roxb. ex DC.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Cultivée
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Oppenheimer, Hank L./Bartlett, R. T. (2000) (pp. 5-6) West Maui. Vouchers cited: Oppenheimer H89820 (BISH), Oppenheimer H129816 (BISH)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 91) Voucher cited: Huguenin in Veillon 1172
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced cultivated	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 160) Voucher cited: CHR 150506
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 119)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 15, 86) Two plants seen.
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1991) (voucher ID: BISH 609562) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida Roxb. ex DC.
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 659292) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida Roxb. ex DC.
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 660542) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida Roxb. ex DC.
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1991) (voucher ID: BNM 9388) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida DC.
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1946) (voucher ID: PTBG 22489) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1946) (voucher ID: PTBG 22779) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago	introduced	Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 231)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 11) Voucher: Flynn 6955 (PTBG, US, SAMOA)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1974) (voucher ID: BISH 417915) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida Roxb. ex DC.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 276) Taxon name on voucher: Tephrosia candida
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 113)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced invasive cultivated	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) "Cultivated or escaped, grasslands, open places, slopes".
China China	Hong Kong	introduced invasive cultivated	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 154)
Colombia Colombia	Colombia (Republic of)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Honduras Honduras	Honduras (Republic of)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Perú Perú	Perú (Republic of)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) "Cultivated or escaped, grasslands, open places, slopes".

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island	La Réunion Island	introduced invasive	Lavergne, Christophe (2006) "Naturalisé"
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Mauritius Island	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Rodrigues Island	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)

Additional information:
Information from the World Agroforestry Centre's AgroForestryTree Database.

Additional online information about Tephrosia candida is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Tephrosia candida as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Tephrosia candida may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.). 1991. Voucher specimen #BNM9388(Herbst, Stemmermann & Canfield 9388).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1946. Voucher specimen #BISH 659292 (Hosaka, E.Y. 3369).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1946. Voucher specimen #BISH 659294 (Hosaka, E.Y. 3543).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1946. Voucher specimen #BISH 660542 (Fosberg, F.R. 25710).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1968. Voucher specimen #BISH 488579 (Stemmermann, R.L. 3478).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1974. Voucher specimen #BISH 417915 (Whistler, W.A. W 1737).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1980. Voucher specimen #BISH 659293 (Fosberg, F.R. 60263).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1991. Voucher specimen #BISH 609562 (Herbst, D.R. 9388).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1991. Voucher specimen #BISH 664989 (Sykes, W.R. 474473).

Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. 2011. Base de données botaniques Nadeaud de l'Herbier de la Polynésie Française (PAP). (online resource).

Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce. 1979. A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae. Micronesica 15:1-295.

Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. 1988. Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin No. 7. Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, Honiara. 203 pp.

Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. 2010. Checklist of the vascular plants of Pohnpei with local names and uses. Allertonia, in press. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Hawai‘i. 146 pp.

ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre. 2011. International Legume Database & Information Service. Online searchable database.

Lavergne, Christophe. 2006. List des especes exotiques envahissantes a La Reunion. Unpublished manuscript (Excel file). .

MacKee, H. S. 1994. Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 164 p.

National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.). 2002. Voucher specimen #PTBG276(Tim Flynn 6955).

National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.). 2002. Voucher specimen #PTBG350(Tim Flynn 7017).

National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.). 2002. Voucher specimen #PTBG370(Tim Flynn 7049).

National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.). 2002. Voucher specimen #PTBG376(Tim Flynn 7064).

National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.). 2002. Voucher specimen #PTBG390(Tim Flynn 7093).

National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.). 2002. Voucher specimen #PTBG397(Tim Flynn 7102).

Oppenheimer, Hank L./Bartlett, R. T. 2000. New plant records from Maui, O‘ahu, and the Hawai‘i Islands. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucius G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1999. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 64:1-10.

Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty]. 1984. Flora of the Bismarck Archipelago for naturalists. Office of Forests, Division of Botany, Lae, Papua New Guinea. 638 pp. ISBN 9980-66-000-7.

Space, James C./Flynn, Tim. 2002. Report to the Government of the Cook Islands on invasive plant species of environmental concern. USDA Forest Service, Honolulu. 146 pp.

Space, James C./Flynn, Tim. 2002. Report to the Government of Samoa on invasive plant species of environmental concern. USDA Forest Service, Honolulu. 83 pp.

Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar. 2003. Report to the Republic of Palau on invasive plant species of environmental concern. USDA Forest Service, Honolulu. 174 pp.

Stanley, T. D./Ross, E. M. 1989. Flora of south-eastern Queensland. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Misc. Pub. 81020. 3 Volumes.

Sykes, W. R. 1970. Contributions to the flora of Niue. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin 200, Wellington. 321 pp.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Wu, Te-lin. 2001. Check List of Hong Kong Plants. Hong Kong Herbarium and the South China Institute of Botany. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department Bulletin 1 (revised). 384 pp.

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).