Paraserianthes lophantha (Willd.) I.Nielsen, Fabaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Threat only at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Albizia lophantha (Willd.), Benth., Albizia montana (Jungh.) Benth., Albizia distachya (Vent.) J. F. Macbr., Inga montana Jungh.

Common name(s): [more details]

English: brush wattle, plume acacia, plume albizia, stink bean

Habit:  shrub/tree

Description:  "Tree with velvety puberulent branchlets, leaf-rachi and peduncles, the petioles with a gland toward the base; pinnae 8-10 pairs with 20-40 pairs of oblong obtusish leaflets 6-8 mm long, about 2 mm broad, usually sparsely appressed-pilose at least beneath, the mi-nerve excentric; spikes axillary, shortly peduncled, 3-10 cm long, more than 3 cm thick including the stamens, the crowded flowers distinctly pedicelled, silky-pilose, the calyx 2 mm the corolla 5 mm long; stamen tube scarcely longer than the calyx; pods 6-10 cm long, 12-18 mm broad, glabrous" (Macbride, 1943).

"Shrub, small tree.  Leaves evergreen; petiole with a gland; primary leaflets 7-15 pairs; secondary leaflets more or less 25 pairs, less than 1 cm. Flowers greenish yellow.  Fruit indehiscent or slowly dehiscent, 5-10 cm, oblong, flat except over seeds, barely narrowed between seeds, glabrous, brown"  (Hickman, 1993; p. 583).

Habitat/ecology:  "Generally disturbed, coastal, urban areas; up to 300 m" (Hickman, 1993; p. 583).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Southwestern Australia.

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Norfolk Islands	Norfolk Island	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 9) "introduced and now reproducing itself spontaneously". Vouchers cited: W.R. Sykes NI 545 (CHR), G. Uhe 1191 (K)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island	cultivated	Sykes, Bill (year unknown)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 690) Subsp. Montana. Planted and reproducing, but not yet spreading. Reproducing from planted trees.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 690) Subsp. Montana. Planted and reproducing, but not yet spreading. Reproducing from planted trees.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Oppenheimer, Hank L./Bartlett, Randal T. (2002) (p. 8) Subsp. Montana. East Maui. Vouchers cited: Oppenheimer H70074 (BISH, PTBG), Oppenheimer H70077 (BISH, PTBG) Reproducing from planted trees. Well established and locally abundant.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 690) Subsp. Montana. Planted and reproducing, but not yet spreading. Reproducing from planted trees.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 690) Subsp. Montana. Planted and reproducing, but not yet spreading. Reproducing from planted trees.

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)	native	Australian Biological Resources Study (2007) Native to southwestern Western Australia, naturalized elsewhere.
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive	Australian Biological Resources Study (2007) Native to southwestern Western Australia, naturalized in New South Wales.
Colombia Colombia	Colombia (Republic of)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)
Ecuador (Mainland) Ecuador	Ecuador (Republic of) (continental)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007) Also subsp. Montana.
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Owen, S. J. (1997)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 702) "Waste places, scrubland, riverbanks and coastal sites".

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
South Africa South Africa	South Africa (Republic of)	introduced	Henderson, Lesley (1995)

Comments:  A noxious weed in South Africa. Extensively planted in Hawai‘i and reproducing (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 690).

Control: 

Physical:  Hand pull or dig out seedlings and young plants, cut larger plants.

Additional information:  Photos and additional information at the Environment Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, web site of the Bay of Plenty Regional Council (see thumbnails above).

Additional online information about Paraserianthes lophantha is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Taxonomic information about Paraserianthes lophantha may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Australian Biological Resources Study. 2007. Flora of Australia Online. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.

Cronk, Q. C. B./Fuller, J. L. 2001. Plant invaders. Earthscan Publications, Ltd., London. 241 pp.

Henderson, Lesley. 1995. Plant invaders of Southern Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 5, Agriculture Research Council, ARC/LNR, Pretoria, South Africa. 177 pp.

Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California. U. Cal. Press, Berkeley. 1400 pp.

Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 391 pp.

ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre. 2005. International Legume Database & Information Service. Online searchable database.

Macbride, J. Francis. 1936. Flora of Peru. Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series, Vol. XIII. 1936-1971, 6 parts.

Oppenheimer, Hank L./Bartlett, Randal T. 2002. New plant records from the main Hawaiian Islands. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucius G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2000. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 69:1-14.

Orchard, Anthony E., ed. 1994. Flora of Australia. Vol. 49, Oceanic islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

Owen, S. J. 1997. Ecological weeds on conservation land in New Zealand: A database. Working draft. Wellington, New Zealand. Department of Conservation.

Sykes, Bill. 0. Bill Sykes, pers. com.

U. S. Government. 2006. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (on-line resource).

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2007. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).

Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. 1365 pp.