Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: jian zi mu

English: bristletips, oxyspora

Habit:  shrub

Description:  "Shrubs 2-4 m tall; young branches sparsely to densely covered with stellate and spreading, plumose hairs.  Leaves ovate, elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, 8-16 cm long, 5-10 cm wide, 5-7-nerved, upper surface glabrous at maturity, lower surface stellate pubescent on the nerves but otherwise glabrous, margins entire to remotely serrulate, apex acuminate, base rounded to subcordate, petioles 9-32 mm long.  Inflorescences 8-20 (-30) cm long (incl. peduncle), bracts and bracteoles subulate to lanceolate, 1-4 (-6) mm long, 0.5-2 mm wide at the base, deciduous; hypanthium quadrate in flower, 6-8 mm long, sparsely stellate pubescent; calyx lobes triangular, prominently keeled externally, 1-1.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide at base; petals pink to magenta, 6-9 mm long, 4-7 mm wide; stamens dimorphic; anthers of larger stamens 7-12 mm long, with anther sacs prolonged basally (to 1.5-2 mm), connective not prolonged, anthers of smaller stamens 3-4.5 mm long, with anther sacs 2-lobed at base, connective prolonged dorsally into a deflexed spur 1-1.5 mm long.  Fruiting hypanthium 7-8 (-10) mm long, 4.5-5 mm wide.  Seeds 0.5-1 mm long"  (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 912, 1884).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "infrequently cultivated and locally established on Tantalus, O‘ahu.  Recently, Obata reported the first extensive naturalized population of this species along Lulumahu Stream.  It apparently has explosively spread sometime during the preceding decade from cultivated plants that had not been reproducing at least since 1959" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 912).

Propagation:  Bird-dispersed seeds.

Native range:  Himalayas from Nepal through Bhutan, northeastern India, and Burma to southwestern China.

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 912, 1884) Voucher cited: Landgraf s. n. (BISH)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Additional information:
Additional online information about Oxyspora paniculata is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Oxyspora paniculata as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Oxyspora paniculata may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

U. S. Government. 2011. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (on-line resource).

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).