Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet, Lamiaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: cheng tong

English: glorybower

Hawaiian: pikake hohono

Habit:  shrub

Description:  "Erect shrub up to about 2 m high. Branches rather thick, puberulent when young. Leaves with petioles 2-10 (-18) cm long; blade orbicular or nearly so, 7-25 cm across, shortly acuminate at apex, deeply cordate at base, very shallowly toothed with distinctly apiculate teeth, puberulent above only on veins, densely lepidote beneath with rather large thick peltate scales, 5- or 7-nerved at base without axillary glands, the lateral nerves above the base about 6 on each side. Inflorescence a large terminal rather open panicle, or with some branches in upper axils, up to 30 cm long and wide; peduncle about 6 cm long, reddish. Flowers odorless, bright red, on slender pedicels up to 2 cm long; calyx bright red, cup-shaped, deeply 5-fid, the lobes thin, triangular-lanceolate, subulate-tipped, 1 cm long, lepidote and puberulent; corolla-tube 2 cm long, the 5 lobes 10-12 mm long, red; stamens exserted 1.5 cm; style up to 4 cm long" (Walker, 1976; p. 891).

Habitat/ecology:  (no habitat/ecology info known by PIER)

Propagation:  Fruit is dispersed by alien frugivorous birds.

Native range:  Malaya or southern Asia.

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 34)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island		Smith, Clifford W. (1998) C.W. Smith
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island		Smith, Clifford W. (1998) C.W. Smith
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	introduced invasive	Toyoda, Takeshi (2003) (p. 285) Naturalized
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	introduced	Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
China China	Hong Kong	introduced cultivated	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 230)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) Celebes, Java
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 188)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Additional information:
Additional online information about Clerodendrum japonicum is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Clerodendrum japonicum as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Clerodendrum japonicum may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Haselwood, E. L./Motter, G. G. 1983. Handbook of Hawaiian Weeds. Second edition, revised and expanded by Robert T. Hirano. University of Hawaii Press. 491 pp.

Kato, Hidetoshi. 2007. Herbarium records of Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University. Personal communication.

Meyer, Jean-Yves. 2000. Preliminary review of the invasive plants in the Pacific islands (SPREP Member Countries). In: Sherley, G. (tech. ed.). Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Samoa. 190 pp.

Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro. 2004. Invasive alien species in Japan: the status quo and the new regulation for prevention of their adverse effects. Global Environmental Research 8(2)/2004: 171-191.

Smith, Clifford W. 1998. Pest Plants of Hawaiian Native Ecosystems. Online list and information.

Space, James C./Flynn, Tim. 2000. Observations on invasive plant species in American Samoa.  USDA Forest Service, Honolulu. 51 pp.

Toyoda, Takeshi. 2003. Flora of the Bonin Islands. Aboc & Co. 522 pp.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Wu, Te-lin. 2001. Check List of Hong Kong Plants. Hong Kong Herbarium and the South China Institute of Botany. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department Bulletin 1 (revised). 384 pp.

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).