Ardisia sieboldii Miquel, Primulaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 7 (Go to the risk assessment)

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: duo zhi zi jin niu

Habit:  shrub

Description:  "Shrubs or rarely small trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets terete 2-3 mm in diameter, sparsely brown scaly when young, finely wrinkled. Petiole marginate, 5-10 mm; leaf blade obovate to oblanceolate, 7-14 x 2-4 cm, leathery, dull adaxially, glabrous or sometimes minutely brown scaly abaxially, base cuneate, margin entire, usually revolute, apex broadly to narrowly acute; lateral veins 14-25 on each side of midrib, inconspicuous, marginal vein obscure. Inflorescences axillary, near ends of branches, paniculate, branches subumbellate or cymose, 3-4 (-7) cm, glabrous. Flowers membranous, white, ca. 3 mm. Pedicel ca. 5 mm, brown scaly. Sepals ovate, 1-1.5 mm, sparsely punctate, margin entire, ciliate, apex acute. Petals nearly free, broadly ovate, inconspicuously punctate, glabrous, apex acute. Stamens ca. 3/4 as long as petals; filaments equal to anther length; anthers ovate, prominently black or inconspicuous pellucid punctate dorsally, dehiscent by pores opening into large longitudinal slits, apex apiculate. Pistil ca. as long as petals; ovary glabrous, punctate; ovules numerous, multiseriate. Fruit globose, red to blackish, ca. 7 mm in diameter, somewhat fleshy"  (Flora of China online).

Habitat/ecology:  In China (native), "mixed forests, thickets, mountains, hillsides; 100-600 m"  (Flora of China online).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  China (including Taiwan), southern Japan (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Daehler, Curtis C./Baker, Raymond F. (2006) (p. 16) Voucher cited: C. Daehler 1210 (HAW) Seedlings occur in the vicinity of plantings in the Lyon Arboretum.
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands		Toyoda, Takeshi (2003) (p. 259)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) Fujian, Zhejiang
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Japan Ryukyu Islands	Ryukyu Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011)

Additional information:
Additional online information about Ardisia sieboldii is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Ardisia sieboldii as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Ardisia sieboldii may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Daehler, Curtis C./Baker, Raymond F. 2006. New records of naturalized and naturalizing plants around Lyon Arboretum, Mānoa Valley, O‘ahu. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucias G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2004-2005. Part 1: Articles. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 87:3-18.

Toyoda, Takeshi. 2003. Flora of the Bonin Islands. Aboc & Co. 522 pp.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).