Rubus niveus Thunb., Rosaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 19 (Go to the risk assessment)

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: hong pao ci teng

English: Ceylon raspberry, Mysore raspberry, hill raspberry

Spanish: frambuesa, mora

Habit:  shrub

Description:  "Shrubs; stems up to 20 dm long, tomentulose when young or glabrous and glaucous, covered with stout, hooked prickles 3-7 mm long, their bases usually longitudinally elongated, bark of older stems not shredding.  Leaves pinnately compound, leaflets 5-9, elliptic-ovate to elliptic, 2.5-6 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, the terminal one often broadly ovate, more or less lobed on one side, and up to 5 cm wide, upper surface glabrous, lower surface densely white tomentose, margins serrate, petiolules 0-0.1 cm long, petioles and rachis usually with curved prickles.  Flowers in short, terminal, cymose panicles, densely tomentose and with scattered prickles, pedicels 6-12 mm long; petals rose purple, broadly obovate to suborbicular, ca 4-5 mm long.  Fruit dark red, becoming reddish black, subglobose, ca. 1 cm long, white tomentulose" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 1110, 1891).

Habitat/ecology:  "Forest edges, riparian habitats, woodland, disturbed sites.  As other species of the genus, this shrub forms dense and impenetrable thickets due to the arching and intertwining stems.  It displaces native vegetation, impedes regeneration of native shrubs and trees and affects wildlife habitats"  (Weber, 2003; p. 372).

In Hawai‘i, "cultivated and now naturalized" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1110). "Smothers smaller plants and impedes passage"  (Motooka et al., 2003).  Moist uplands in the Galápagos Islands (McMullen, 1999; p. 137).

Propagation:  Fruits spread by birds and rodents.

Native range:  India to southeastern Asia, the Philippines and Indonesia (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1110).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Floreana Group	Floreana Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Isabela Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) San Cristóbal Group	San Cristóbal Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santiago Group	Santiago Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1110, 1891) Voucher cited: Krauss 966 (BISH), Nagata 2939 (HLA)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Nagata, Kenneth M. (1995) (p. 12) Voucher cited: Nagata 4233 (BISH, HLA, US)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive	Flynn, Tim/Lorence, David H. (1998) (p. 6) Plants removed. Voucher cited: Galen Kawakami s.n. (PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1110) Voucher cited: Hobdy 2610 (BISH)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 229) In thickets, altitude 1,300 to 1,600 m.

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) "Thickets on slopes, sparse forests, montane valleys, stream sides, flood plains; 500-2800 m".
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Seychelles Islands	introduced	Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017)

Control:  See "Blackberry control manual: management and control options for blackberry (Rubus spp.) in Australia"  (Victoria Dept. Prim. Ind., 2009).

Physical: Isolated plants may be grubbed out, but any remaining roots will sprout.

Chemical:  "Sensitive to drizzle application of triclopyr ester in a crop oil carrier at 1 lb/acre, and to very-low-volume basal bark applications of triclopyr ester at 15% product in a crop oil carrier.  Reportedly tolerant of triclopyr with water as the carrier (Glenn Shishido, DOFAW)"  (Motooka et al., 2003).