L., Malvaceae |
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Other Latin names: Urena sinuata L.
Common name(s): [more details]
Austral: pipiri |
Chamorro: dádangse, dadangsi, dadangsi apaka, dadangsi machingat |
Chinese: di tao hua |
Chuukese: nognuk, ocher, sacawer |
English: Congo jute, aramina, bur mallow, caesarweed, hibiscus burr, pink Chinese burr, pink burr, urena burr |
Fijian: katiqani viti, nggatima, nggatima ni Viti, ngguatema, qatima, qatima ni viti |
French: cousin uréne, jute africain |
Hindi: gataya |
Japanese: oobondekwa |
Kwaraae: mamafuoli |
Mangarevan: fuduah |
Maori (Cook Islands): piripiri, purūmu, vavai tara tītā |
Marquesan: nehu, pou-éau, puunehu, puehu, puepu, punehu haoe, rehu |
Niuean: mosipo, motipo |
Palauan: chosuched e kui, osuched a rechui |
Pohnpeian: koaropw, korop, koropw |
Rotuman: joan ne pija |
Samoan: mautofu |
Spanish: aramina, cadillo, malva blanca |
Tahitian: piri piri, piri-piri, piripiri |
Tongan: moosipo, moosipo Tonga |
Yapese: karukur |
Habit: shrub
Description: "A subshrub 0.6 to 3 m in height and up to 7 cm in basal diameter. The species usually has a single stem emerging from the ground but normally produces several stems or major branches low on the stem and many branches throughout. The nearly smooth bark is tough and fibrous, brown on the outside and green within. Its pale yellow wood is of medium density. Plants are supported by a tap and lateral root system of tan or ivory-colored, tough and flexible roots. Grayish green, discolorous, alternate leaves are stellate-pubescent both above and below, ovate, angulate or shallowly lobbed, 1 to 12 by 1 to 12 cm, and have serrate margins. Axillary flowers are usually solitary and have five pink petals. The flowers are about 1 cm broad. The fruits are 8- to 10-mm globose capsules that break into five fine-barbed (glochidate) mericarps. (Howard 1989, Liogier 1994, Stevens and others 2001)" (Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories).
"Erect subshrub to 1 1 m tall; leaves palmately lobed or angled, downy grayish pubescent with stellate hairs, 4-8 cm long, usually 5-lobed with the lobes again pinnatifid, or sometimes subentire but angled; flowers clustered; corolla pinkish-violet, about 1 cm broad; fruit pubescent and beset with hooked bristles (glochidia)" (Stone, 1970; pp. 417-418).
Some botanists recognize U. sinuata as a separate species or a variety. It is distinguished from U. lobata by having, among other characters, deeply lobed leaves in which the sinuses are rounded rather than acute (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 903).
Habitat/ecology: "Readily invades disturbed areas, especially poorly managed pastures, scarified and eroded areas, and perennial crop plantations but is much less of a problem in annual crops. The species does not compete well in tallgrass swards and brushlands and does not grow under forest canopies. Ceasar weed grows on a wide variety of soils of varying fertility derived from most parent materials. It tolerates salt spray and a moderate amount of salt in the soil but does not grow in saturated soils. In Puerto Rico, it occurs in areas that receive from about 1400 to 3000 mm of mean annual precipitation, forming thickets in favorable sites" (Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories).
Invades disturbed areas. In New Guinea, "a weed of waste land, roadsides and pastures. Mostly at low altitudes, but occurring to 1500 m" (Henty & Pritchard, 1975; p. 124). In Hawaii, "naturalized in low elevation disturbed areas, 20-30 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 903). In Fiji, "found at elevations from near sea level to the summit of Mt. Tomanivi, 1,323 m. It is a pernicious weed abundantly naturalized in gardens, canefields, pastures, clearings, and grassland, and also found along forest trails and on open hillsides" (Smith, 1981; pp. 431-432). In Tonga, "frequent as a roadside and waste-area weed" (Yuncker, 1959; pp. 182-183). In New Caledonia, "espèce sinon indigène, d'introduction ancienne aux îles du Pacifique Sud" (MacKee, 1994; p. 99).
Propagation: Seed. Barbs on seed cling to fur and clothing.
Native range: "Pantropical, but probably of Asiatic origin and spread into many parts of the world by aboriginal voyagers; it was doubtless brought into many Pacific areas in this manner" (Smith, 1981; pp. 431-432).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Ofu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 41) |
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Ofu Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1990)
Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9492, Whistler 3458 |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Ofu Island |
Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 50)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 9492 (BISH) |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Ofu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 158813)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Ofu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1976) (voucher ID: BISH 430294)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Tau Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 47) |
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Tau Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1990)
Vouchers cited: Garber 545, Yuncker 9142 |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Tau Island |
Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 50)
Vouchers cited: Yuncker 4142 (BISH), Garber 545 (BISH) |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Tau Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 158811)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Tau Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 158812)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Tau Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 158814)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Tau Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1990) (voucher ID: PTBG 10371)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata |
|
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Aunuu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 158806)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 38) |
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1923) (voucher ID: BISH 158802)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 158805)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1924) (voucher ID: BISH 158810)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1975) (voucher ID: BISH 419274)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Alamagan Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Alamagan Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 33)
Voucher cited: Falanruw 1898a (US) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Anatahan Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Anatahan Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 33)
Voucher cited: Falanruw 1636 (US) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Sarigan Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Sarigan Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 33)
Voucher cited: Falanruw 1767 (US) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Sarigan Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1966) (voucher ID: BISH 652885)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Tinian Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan |
Saipan Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Atiu Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Atiu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 83)
Voucher: Flynn 7091 (PTBG, BISH, US) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Atiu Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 387)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mangaia Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mangaia Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 89)
Voucher: Flynn 7037 (PTBG, BISH, US) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mangaia Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 362)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mauke Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mauke Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 95) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mitiaro Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 100) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 158746)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Santa Cruz Island |
introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Chuuk Islands |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1947) (voucher ID: BISH 158770)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Fefan Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Fefan Island |
introduced
|
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. (2000) (p. 30) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Tol Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Tol Island |
introduced
|
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. (2000) (p. 30) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Weno (Moen) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Weno (Moen) Island |
introduced
|
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. (2000) (p. 30) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2010) (p. 20)
Naturalized |
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 158780)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1977) (voucher ID: BISH 429410)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 68)
Vouchers cited: Glassman 2463 (US), Glassman 2790 (US), Glassman 2866 (US), Hosokawa 6154 (US) |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
introduced
invasive |
Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 110)
Vouchers cited: A. Dores 55 (NY, PTBG), A. Dores 224 (NY, PTBG), F.R. Fosberg 26409 (BISH), S.F. Glassman 2790 (BISH), E.Y. Hosaka 3517 (BISH), S.F. Glassman 2463 (BISH), F. Sohl 34 (NY, PTBG) Naturalized |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 158778)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 158779)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 158781)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2006) (voucher ID: PTBG 34890)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Tomil Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 158772)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1948) (voucher ID: BISH 158771)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 652884)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Beqa Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1972) (voucher ID: BISH 448412)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Kandavu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 431-432)
Voucher cited: Smith 321 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Kandavu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1933) (voucher ID: BISH 158787)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Lakemba Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 431-432)
Voucher cited: Seeman 1 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Lakemba Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1977) (voucher ID: BISH 420641)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Moala Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 431-432)
Voucher cited: Milne 116 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Ovalau Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 431-432)
Voucher cited: Graeffe 1591 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Rambi Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 431-432)
Voucher cited: DA 3696 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Rotuma Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1938) (voucher ID: BISH 618568)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Taveuni Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 431-432)
Voucher cited: Gillespie 4767 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Taveuni Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1928) (voucher ID: BISH 158786)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Vanua Levu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 431-432)
Vouchers cited: Greenwood 469, Bierhorst F68 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Vanua Mbalavu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 431-432)
Voucher cited: DA 10231 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 431-432)
Vouchers cited: Greenwood 75A, Da 9485, DA 7141, DA 10167, Greenwood 75B, DA 10553, Gillespie 4390, DA 9530, DA 9592, Gillespie 3414, DA 10940, DA 10580, DA 1243 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1957) (voucher ID: BISH 14758)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1924) (voucher ID: BISH 158788)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1924) (voucher ID: BISH 158789)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1927) (voucher ID: BISH 158790)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1927) (voucher ID: BISH 158791)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1947) (voucher ID: BISH 158792)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1951) (voucher ID: BISH 158793)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1971) (voucher ID: BISH 448538)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Wakaya Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 431-432)
Voucher cited: Milne 38 |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Agakauitai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 261-264) |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Agakauitai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 261-264) |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
introduced
invasive |
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 19)
Vouchers cited: Fosberg 11019 (BISH), St. John 14560 (BISH) |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Taravai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 261-264) |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Taravai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 261-264) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: J. Florence 7391 (PAP), J. Florence, D.H. Lorence & W.L. Wagner 9503 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1986) (voucher ID: BISH 543351)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1988) (voucher ID: BISH 601902)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1988) (voucher ID: BISH 1000481)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1988) (voucher ID: PTBG 8815)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 261-264) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: M.-H. Sachet 1263 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1963) (voucher ID: PTBG 13239)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 261-264) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: J.A. Pancher s.n. (PAP), D.E. Jardin 135 (PAP), J. Florence 6682 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1987) (voucher ID: BISH 541063)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1984) (voucher ID: BISH 542237)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 261-264) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 261-264) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 7248 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1986) (voucher ID: BISH 698402)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Bora Bora Island |
introduced
invasive |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 179)
Voucher cited: Grant 5049 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Maupiti (Maurua) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 261-264) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Maupiti (Maurua) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 49)
Rare |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Maupiti (Maurua) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 179)
Voucher cited: Grant 4693 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island | Welsh, S. L. (1998) | |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 179)
Vouchers cited: Moore 665, BRY 26592 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 261-264) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 261-264) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Raivavae (Raevavae) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 261-264) |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Raivavae (Raevavae) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rimatara (Rimitara) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 261-264) |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rimatara (Rimitara) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rurutu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 261-264) |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rurutu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: J. Florence 6094 (PAP), J. Florence 9177 (PAP), N. Hallé 7097 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rurutu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 545512)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Tubuai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 261-264) |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Tubuai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
invasive |
Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (pp. 417-418)
Vouchers cited: Stone 3918 (GUAM), Stone 4685 (GUAM) |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165) |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 571339)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1966) (voucher ID: PTBG 23920)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata |
|
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kauai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 903) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 903)
East Maui |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 903) |
New Caledonia
Îles Bélep (Belep Islands) |
Île Art |
probably introduced
abo. intro. |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 99)
Voucher cited: Montrouzier 23 (MPU) |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Île Lifou |
probably introduced
abo. intro. |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 99)
Voucher cited: Thiébaut s.n. |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Île Maré |
probably introduced
abo. intro. |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 99)
Vouchers cited: Eloin s.n., Däniker 1598b |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia |
New Caledonia Islands | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 98) | |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
probably introduced
abo. intro. |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 99)
Vouchers cited: Pancher s.n. s.loc., Balansa 1768, Delacour s.n., MacKee 4593, MacKee 12721, MacKee 25532 |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
invasive |
Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 118)
Vouchers cited: CHR 170343, CHR 170344 |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
invasive |
Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 30) |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
invasive |
Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 82)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 10048 (BISH) "A frequent weed in clearings and waste areas". |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Angaur (Ngeaur) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Angaur (Ngeaur) Island |
Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1978) (voucher ID: BNM 1282)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 437892)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1970) (voucher ID: BISH 652883)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1970) (voucher ID: BNM 521)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1968) (voucher ID: BNM 520)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1978) (voucher ID: BNM 10173)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165) |
Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago |
Bismarck Archipelago |
invasive
|
Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 361)
Common weed. |
Papua New Guinea
Bougainville Islands |
Bougainville Island | Foreman, D. B. (1971) (p. 47) | |
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Henty, E. E./Pritchard, G. H. (1975) (p. 124)
Mostly at low altitudes, but occurring to 1500 m. |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
probably native
|
Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 69, 79) |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (pp. 36-37)
In open waste places, thickets, etc., at low and medium altitudes, ascending to 1,600 m. |
|
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Savaii Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1972) (voucher ID: BISH 100399)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Savaii Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1924) (voucher ID: BISH 158808)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Savaii Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1931) (voucher ID: BISH 158809)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Savaii Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1974) (voucher ID: BISH 417866)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Upolu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 28593)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Upolu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 28604)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Upolu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 158803)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Upolu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 158807)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Upolu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1974) (voucher ID: BISH 417873)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Guadalcanal Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (year unknown) (voucher ID: BISH 29206)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Guadalcanal Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1945) (voucher ID: BISH 158785)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Mikira (San Cristobal) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1932) (voucher ID: BISH 158784)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 98) | |
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 116)
ssp. sinuata |
Tonga
Tonga Islands |
Tonga Islands |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 158798)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Atata Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 41292)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Eua Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 42)
Voucher cited: Parks 16062 |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Eua Island |
introduced
invasive |
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 182-183)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 15434 |
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Eua Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1926) (voucher ID: BISH 158794)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Eua Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 158797)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Fafa Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 41293)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 42)
Vouchers cited: Soakai 29, Soakai 182, Soakai 442, Soakai 463 |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 182-183)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 15136 |
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1958) (voucher ID: BISH 18838)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1926) (voucher ID: BISH 158795)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 158796)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 698403)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata L. |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1989) (voucher ID: PTBG 3323)
Taxon name on voucher: Urena lobata |
|
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Vavau Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 69) |
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Vavau Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 42)
Vouchers cited: Harvey s.n., Crosby 6 |
|
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Vavau Island |
introduced
|
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 182-183)
Cited: Harvey, Crosby. |
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Vavau Island | Burkill, I. H. (1900) (p. 28) | |
Vanuatu
New Hebrides Islands |
Vanuatu (Republic of) | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 98) | |
Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands |
Futuna Island |
introduced
invasive |
Morat, Ph./Veillon, J.-M. (1985)
Morat & Veillon, 1985, cited in Meyer, 2007 |
Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands |
Wallis and Futuna Islands | Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 30) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 374) | |
Cambodia
Cambodia |
Cambodia (Kingdom of) | Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) | |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Honduras (Republic of) | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 374) | |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Grasslands, scrub, roadsides; 500-2200 m. |
China
China |
Hong Kong |
native
|
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 100) |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
probably native
|
Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 69, 79) |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
introduced
|
Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 186) |
Malaysia
Malaysia |
Malaysia (country of) | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 374) | |
Negara Brunei Darussalam
Brunei |
Brunei (Negara Brunei Darussalam) |
probably native
|
Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 69, 79) |
Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) |
uncertain if introduced
invasive |
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 89)
Weed of uncertain origin |
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Grasslands, scrub, roadsides; 500-2200 m. |
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 374) | |
Thailand
Thailand |
Thailand (Kingdom of) |
probably native
|
Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 69, 79) |
Vietnam
Vietnam |
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) |
probably native
|
Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 69, 79) |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands)
Christmas Island Group |
Christmas Island |
native
|
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 18) |
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
introduced
invasive |
MacDonald, I. A. W./Thebaud, C./Strahm, W. A./Strasberg, D. (1991) (pp. 51-61) |
Mauritius
Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues) |
Mauritius Island | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 374) | |
French Territory of Mayotte
Mayotte Islands |
Mayotte Island |
introduced
invasive |
Comité français de l'Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature en France (2013) |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Frégate Island |
Robertson, S. A./Todd, D. M. (1983) (p. 54)
Voucher cited: Todd 2650 |
Also reported from | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
Louisiana |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
USA (Florida) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
Comments: On the State of Hawaii noxious weed list and a problem and a declared noxious weed in Fiji. Not a particular problem in Micronesia.
Control: Unknown. Some members of this family are tolerant of hormone-type herbicides. Probably would require integrated mechanical and chemical treatment" (Motooka et al., 2003).