Callaeum macropterum (A. P. de Candolle) D. M. Johnson, Malpighiaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Evaluate, score: 6 (Go to the risk assessment)

Other Latin names:  Hiraea macroptera DC.; Mascagnia macroptera (DC.) Nied.

Common name(s): [more details]

English: hillyhock, hollyhock

Spanish: aparigua, bataneni, gallinita, guirote, jumete, matanene

Habit:  shrub/tree

Description:  "Shrub or small tree with scandent twining branches; young shoots sericeous to glabrate; stems 0.6-4.0 mm wide, gray or brown, with 0.5 mm high sinuous ridges with age; interpetiolar ridges at nodes absent.  Larger leaf blades 2.5-11.0 cm long, 0.7-4.0 cm wide, linear to ovate, cuneate to rounded at base, acute (rarely acuminate) at apex, sericeous or glabrate above and below, with a marginal gland on either side at base; petiole 2-10 mm long, bearing minute epipetiolar stipules at base.  Inflorescence a 4-flowered umbel or 4-10-flowered short raceme subtended by lanceolate leaves 1.0-2.5 cm long and acute or acuminate at the apex; bracts 1.3-2.5 mm long, ovate, sericeous abaxially; peduncles 4-7 mm long, sericeous; bracteoles 1.2-2.3 mm long, ovate to orbicular, sericeous abaxially.  Pedicels 5.5-9.0 mm long, sericeous, not circinate in bud.  Sepals sericeous abaxially, the lateral 4 exceeding the glands by 1.1-1.7 mm, the glands ovate, 1.3-1.7 mm long.  Petals glabrous, the 4 lateral ones 8.3-14.5 mm long, 6.4-11.3 mm wide; posterior petal 8.3-13.0 mm long, 4.8-10.4 mm wide, with a claw 0.5-0.6 mm wide forming 1/4 to 1/2 the length of the petal; posterior petal limb ovate to orbicular, occasionally with several marginal glands at base.  Filaments 2/5-1/2 connate, 2.0-3.0 mm long; posterior anthers three, 0.5-0.9 mm long, anterior anthers seven, 1.0-2.0 mm long; connectives flat, smooth.  Ovary 1.2 mm long, sericeous; styles 1.7-2.1 mm long, slightly expanded at apex, sericeous at base.  Mericarp 3-winged, sparsely sericeous or glabrate; lateral wings semicircular, 3.4-6.5 cm high, 1.2-4.7 cm wide; dorsal wing 5/6 height or same height as laterals, 1.9-3.3 cm wide, fused with laterals at base, or free; intermediate winglets absent; ventral areole 4.5-13 mm high, 3-5 mm wide, ovate"  (Johnson, 1986; pp. 340-341).

Habitat/ecology:  "Occurs in dry forests and fencerows, and on rocky slopes and edges or arroyos at 50-1950 m elevation"  (Johnson, 1986; p. 341).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  "Arizona [US] and Baja California Sur south to Guerrero [Mexico]" (Johnson, 1986; p. 341).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced cultivated	Imada, Clyde T./Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral R. (2011) Planted in Waimea Arboretum & Botanical Garden.

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Additional information:
Additional online information about Callaeum macropterum is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Callaeum macropterum as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Callaeum macropterum may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

EcoPort Foundation. 2011. EcoPort (on-line resource).

Imada, Clyde T./Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral R. 2011. Annotated Checklist of Cultivated Plants of Hawai‘i (online searchable database).

Johnson, David M. 1986. Revision of the neotropical genus Callaeum (Malpighiaceae). Systematic Botany 11(2):333-353.

U. S. Government. 2011. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (on-line resource).

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.