Hakea salicifolia (Vent.) B. L. Burtt, Proteaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  no

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 13 (Go to the risk assessment)

Other Latin names:  Embothrium salicifolium Vent.; Hakea saligna (Andrews) Knight

Common name(s): [more details]

English: willow hakea, willow-leaved hakea

Habit:  shrub/tree

Description:  "Upright tall shrub or small tree 3-5 m high, ?non-lignotuberous. Branchlets with several prominent longitudinal ribs, ± deep red, lenticellate, glabrous. Leaves narrowly elliptic, 8-15 cm long, 4-17 (-27) mm wide, narrowly attenuate, usually acute or acuminate, more rarely obtuse, blackened apically but scarcely mucronate, moderately appressed-sericeous with white and ferruginous hairs when young, rapidly glabrescent; young leaves darker. Involucral buds 3 mm long, subglabrous externally. Inflorescence a single umbel of 16-28 white flowers in upper axils (possibly also on older wood in subsp. angustifolia ); rachis 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 4.5-7 mm long. Perianth 2-3.5 mm long, glabrous, glaucous; inner surface of tepals sometimes with dense glandular-verrucose covering above ovary. Pistil 6-6.5 mm long. Fruit obliquely ovate, 2.3-3.5 cm long, 1.3-2.3 (-3) cm wide in median view, basally attenuate, with raised black pusticules or 1-5 mm high blunt and black-topped warts; beak smooth or with blunt-topped warts; horns often eroded; red-brown wood zone 2.5 mm wide. Seed 17-20 mm long"  (Flora of Australia online).

Habitat/ecology:  In New Zealand, "locally common, open hillsides and gumlands"  (Webb et al., 1988; p. 999).  In New South Wales, Australia (native): "Grows in wet sclerophyll forest, often near rainforest"  (New South Wales Flora Online).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Australia (New South Wales and Queensland); cultivated and naturalized elsewhere (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) Naturalized outside of its native range.
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	native	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2011)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	native	Australian Biological Resources Study (2011)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive cultivated	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 999) "Willow-leaved hakea was introduced for forming hedges and windbreaks but has long been extensively naturalised on the gumlands of N. Auckland. Although still useful, its propensity to naturalise has also made it a noxious weed".

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
South Africa South Africa	South Africa (Republic of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) Naturalized

Additional information:
Information from the Australian Native Plants Society.
Information from Viridans Biological Databases.
Fact sheet from the Government of South Australia.

Additional online information about Hakea salicifolia is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Hakea salicifolia as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Hakea salicifolia may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Australian Biological Resources Study. 2011. Flora of Australia Online. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.

National Herbarium of New South Wales. 2011. PlantNet: New South Wales Flora online. The Plant Information Network System of the Botanic Gardens Trust Version 2.0. Online resource.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. 1365 pp.