Clerodendrum macrostegium Schauer, Lamiaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 8 (Go to the risk assessment)

Common name(s): [more details]

English: velvetleaf glorybower

Habit:  shrub

Description:  "Large shrub or tree of up to 20 ft tall with large, velvety leaves, white and lilac flowers subtended by large, showy, lilac and pale green bracts. As the fruit matures the calyx becomes engorged, thickens and turns a dark glossy purple, splitting in to a star shape that presents the glossy, blue-black fruits" (Lorence & Flynn 1997, Wagner et al. 1999; p. 1895).

Habitat/ecology:  "Spread mainly occurs in warm, moist to wet, lowland areas and the invasive potential to natural areas is not yet fully known" (Starr et al., 2003).

Propagation:  Bird-dispersed fruits and root suckers (Starr et al., 2003).

Native range:  Philippines (Starr et al., 2003).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 6646 (PAP) Ornementale rare à Tahiti.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim (1997) (p. 12) Voucher cited: Nishek s.n. (PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Daehler, Curtis C./Baker, Raymond F. (2006) (p. 11) Vouchers cited: K. Nagata 2876 (BISH), C. Daehler 1059 (BISH, HAW), G. W. Staples 827 (BISH)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 403) In secondary forests and thickets at low altitudes.

Additional information:
Report (PDF format) from US Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Haleakala Field Station, Hawaii "Plants of Hawaii".

Additional online information about Clerodendrum macrostegium is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Clerodendrum macrostegium as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Clerodendrum macrostegium may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Daehler, Curtis C./Baker, Raymond F. 2006. New records of naturalized and naturalizing plants around Lyon Arboretum, Mānoa Valley, O‘ahu. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucias G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2004-2005. Part 1: Articles. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 87:3-18.

Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. 2011. Base de données botaniques Nadeaud de l'Herbier de la Polynésie Française (PAP). (online resource).

Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim. 1997. New naturalized plant records for Kaua‘i. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Miller, Scott, E., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1996. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 49:9-13.

Merrill, Elmer D. 1923. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, vol. 3 [reprint]. Bureau of Printing, Manila. 628 pp.

Starr, F./Starr, K./Loope, L. 2003. Plants of Hawai‘i Reports: Clerodendrum macrostegium. U.S. Geological Survey, Maui, Hawaii.

U. S. Government. 2011. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (on-line resource).

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).