(Burm.f.) Paul G.Wilson, Rutaceae |
|
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Risk assessment results: High risk, score: 9 (Go to the risk assessment).
Common name(s): [more details]
Chamorro: lemon China, lemon de china, lemoncito, lemondichina, limon de china, limon-China, limoncito |
English: limeberry, orange berry, trifoliate limeberry, triphasia |
French: orangine, petite citronelle |
Samoan: moli vai atigi lima, vali atigi lima |
Yapese: gurugur ni lym |
Habit: shrub
Description: "Shrub; glabrous; spines paired in leaf axils; leaves 3-foliate, the terminal leaflet largest (2-4 cm long); petiolules and petioles short (5 mm or less); flowers 1-3 in axils on peduncles 3-4 mm long; flowers 3-parted, white; stamens 6; ovary 3-locular; locules 1-seeded; fruit ovoid, 1-1.5 cm long, reddish to crimson, 1-3-seeded; flesh mucilaginous" (Stone, 1970; pp. 350-351).
Habitat/ecology: "Common naturalized shrub of limestone, in undergrowth, sometimes forming dense, spiny thickets" (Stone, 1970; pp. 350-351). In Fiji, "sparingly cultivated near sea level and naturalized in dry waste places on Viti Levu" (Smith, 1985; p. 514).
Propagation: Seed, possibly bird-dispersed.
Native range: Southeast Asia and Malaysia, now widely cultivated and naturalized.
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Aguijan (Agiguan, Aguihan) Island |
introduced
|
Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 40) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Northern Mariana Islands |
introduced
|
Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 102)
"Potential invader". |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Pagan Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 125) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Pagan Island |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 29)
Voucher cited: Moore 402 (US) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Rota Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 125) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Rota Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane (2000) (p. 6) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Rota Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 38752)
Taxon name on voucher: Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) Paul G.Wilson |
|
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Rota Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1952) (voucher ID: BISH 178691)
Taxon name on voucher: Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) Paul G.Wilson |
|
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Tinian Island |
introduced
|
Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 40) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan |
Saipan Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 125) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2010) (p. 24)
Single plant, voucher cited: Flynn 7217 (PTBG) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2005) (voucher ID: PTBG 42634)
Taxon name on voucher: Triphasia trifolia |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 125) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1948) (voucher ID: BISH 178694)
Taxon name on voucher: Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) Paul G.Wilson |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 178695)
Taxon name on voucher: Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) Paul G.Wilson |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Smith, Albert C. (1985) (p. 514)
Vouchers cited: DA 11538, H.B.R. Parham 307 |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
invasive |
Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (pp. 350-351)
Possibly native. |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 125) |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
invasive |
Waterhouse, Barbara (year unknown) (p. Voucher specimen)
Voucher: BMW 5820 (BISH, BRI, MEL, GUAM) |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 23002)
Taxon name on voucher: Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) Paul G.Wilson |
|
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 38749)
Taxon name on voucher: Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) Paul G.Wilson |
|
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 38750)
Taxon name on voucher: Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) Paul G.Wilson |
|
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 38751)
Taxon name on voucher: Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) Paul G.Wilson |
|
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1918) (voucher ID: BISH 178690)
Taxon name on voucher: Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) Paul G.Wilson |
|
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1970) (voucher ID: BISH 443814)
Taxon name on voucher: Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) Paul G.Wilson |
|
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 571344)
Taxon name on voucher: Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) Paul G.Wilson |
|
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1987) (voucher ID: BISH 604933)
Taxon name on voucher: Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) Paul G.Wilson |
|
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaiian Islands |
introduced
cultivated |
Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral/Imada, Clyde T. (2000) (p. 29) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Lau, Alex/Frohlich, Danielle (2012) (p. 22)
Voucher cited: OED 2009080501 (BISH) |
Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago |
Bismarck Archipelago |
introduced
cultivated |
Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 278)
Widly planted. |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
probably introduced
invasive |
Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (pp. 338-339)
In the settled areas, in thickets, in some places gregarious and abundant; apparently introduced. |
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Upolu Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1989) (voucher ID: PTBG 3022)
Taxon name on voucher: Triphasia trifolia |
|
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 97) | |
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands |
native
|
Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 116) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) |
introduced
abo. intro. |
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 88)
Cultivated only |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands)
Christmas Island Group |
Christmas Island |
native
|
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 19) |
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 39)
North Keeling Island |
British Indian Ocean Territory
Chagos Archipelago |
Diego Garcia Island |
introduced
|
Topp, J. M. W. (1988) (p. 5) |
British Indian Ocean Territory
Chagos Archipelago |
Diego Garcia Island |
introduced
invasive |
Whistler, W. Arthur (1996) (p. 29) |
British Indian Ocean Territory
Chagos Archipelago |
Diego Garcia Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Rivers, Julie (2004) (pp. 5, 8) |
British Indian Ocean Territory
Chagos Archipelago |
Diego Garcia Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1995) (voucher ID: PTBG 38073)
Taxon name on voucher: Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) Paul G.Wilson |
|
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Lavergne, Christophe (2006)
"Cultivé/naturalisé" |
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Comité français de l'Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature en France (2013)
"Envahissant". |
Maldives
Maldive Islands |
Malè Atoll |
cultivated
|
Fosberg, F. R. (1957) (p. 23) |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Seychelles Islands |
introduced
|
Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017) |
Comments: Naturalized within limestone forests of Guam. Especially prevalent on forest edges.
Control: If you know of control methods for Triphasia trifolia, please let us know.