Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)

Verbena litoralis
(Verbenaceae)

image of Verbena litoralis image of Verbena litoralis image of Verbena litoralis
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Species description or overview Taxonomy & nomenclature Impacts Control methods Images
Distribution Where to see this species Books Full-text articles Other resources

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Species description or overview

Verbena litoralis information from CTAHR (Motooka et al.) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Information about Verbena litoralis from "Weeds of Hawaii's pastures and natural areas: an identification and management guide" (Motooka et al. 2003) is provided by the University of Hawaii's College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR).

Verbena litoralis information from PIER
Information on Verbena litoralis as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).


Taxonomy & nomenclature

GRIN nomenclature info for Verbena litoralis
Nomenclatural information about Verbena litoralis is provided by USDA/ARS/NGRP/GRIN.

Verbena litoralis information from the Smithsonian's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Verbena litoralis--including nomenclature and synonymy, and status and distribution in Hawaii--is provided by the "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands" website of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Links from this page include descriptive information about the species, as well as worldwide distributional information and general information about the genus.

Verbena litoralis information from ITIS
The Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS provides authoritative taxonomic information on Verbena litoralis, as well as other plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.

IPNI nomenclature info for Verbena litoralis
Nomenclatural information about Verbena litoralis is provided by The International Plant Names Index (IPNI).


Impacts

Verbena litoralis (Verbenaceae): species information from GCW
Information on Verbena litoralis as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).


Control methods

Verbena litoralis information from CTAHR (Motooka et al.) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Information about Verbena litoralis from "Weeds of Hawaii's pastures and natural areas: an identification and management guide" (Motooka et al. 2003) is provided by the University of Hawaii's College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR).


Images

Images of Verbena litoralis (Verbenaceae) (vervain, owi)
Links to high-resolution free images of Verbena litoralis (Verbenaceae) (vervain, owi) by Forest & Kim Starr (USGS) are available here.

Verbena litoralis information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Verbena litoralis in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Verbena litoralis images from PIER
Images of Verbena litoralis provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).


Distribution

Verbena litoralis information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Verbena litoralis in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Verbena litoralis information from the Smithsonian's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Verbena litoralis--including nomenclature and synonymy, and status and distribution in Hawaii--is provided by the "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands" website of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Links from this page include descriptive information about the species, as well as worldwide distributional information and general information about the genus.


Where to see this species

Auwahi - Dry forest of Maui
Images, history, and ethnobotany of Auwahi are on the HEAR website.

Kahoolawe (Kanaloa): natural areas of Hawaii
Forest and Kim Starr provide information about the island of Kahoolawe as a natural area in Hawaii. Links to additional resources are provided, as well as links to images of plant species found on Kahoolawe.


Books

Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide
Motooka, Philip, Luisa Castro, Duane Nelson, Guy Nagai, and Lincoln Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawaii--Manoa), Honolulu. 184 pp. color illus. ISBN: 1-929325-14-2.


Full-text articles

Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research
Stone, Charles P., Clifford W. Smith, and J. Timothy Tunison (eds.) . 1992. Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit. ISBN: 0-8248-1474-6.

Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide
Motooka, Philip, Luisa Castro, Duane Nelson, Guy Nagai, and Lincoln Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawaii--Manoa), Honolulu. 184 pp. color illus. ISBN: 1-929325-14-2.

Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest
Medeiros, A.C. 2004. Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.

Revised List of Hawaiian Names of Plants Native and Introduced with Brief Descriptions and Notes as to Occurrence and Medicinal or Other Values
Gon III, Samuel M. Ohukaniohia. 2008. Revised List of Hawaiian Names of Plants Native and Introduced with Brief Descriptions and Notes as to Occurrence and Medicinal or Other Values, by Joseph F. Rock Consulting Botanist, Board of Agriculture and Forestry Honolulu, Hawaii, 1920; transcribed and annotated by Samuel M. Ohukaniohia Gon III. Ethnobotany Research & Applications 6:405-442.


Other resources

Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest
After rain forest of Haleakala National Park was fenced in the late 1980s, native vegetation responded vigorously yet three problematic plant invaders (Clidemia hirta, Hedychium gardnerianum, and Psidium cattleianum) continued to spread unabated and became of great concern to Park managers. This contribution provides a quantitative assessment of crucial life history junctures (quantitative phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal, seed predation, seedling establishment) to assist Haleakala NP and other managers of Hawaiian rain forests. It also provides detailed information for potentially identifying key characteristics in prevention, rapid response, and prioritization of incoming invasive species. (This document is the 2004 Ph.D. dissertation of Dr. Arthur C. Medeiros for the Department of Zoology at the University of Hawaii.)


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The Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk (HEAR) project was historically funded by the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) of the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) through PIERC (USGS) with support from HCSU (UH Hilo). More details are available online. Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII)

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