Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR) HEAR bibliography
Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest
Medeiros, A.C. (2004)


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Medeiros, A.C. 2004. Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.

After rain forest of Haleakala National Park was fenced in the late 1980s, native vegetation responded vigorously yet three problematic plant invaders (Clidemia hirta, Hedychium gardnerianum, and Psidium cattleianum) continued to spread unabated and became of great concern to Park managers. This contribution provides a quantitative assessment of crucial life history junctures (quantitative phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal, seed predation, seedling establishment) to assist Haleakala NP and other managers of Hawaiian rain forests. It also provides detailed information for potentially identifying key characteristics in prevention, rapid response, and prioritization of incoming invasive species.

Invasive, non-native plants have clearly emerged as one of the greatest threats to world biodiversity. On Maui island, Kipahulu Valley, managed by Haleakala National Park, contains some of the largest tracts of diverse koa (Acacia koa) and ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) rain forests in the state. Until recently, the primary threat to this forest was the effects of feral pigs (Sus scrofa). In the mid-1980s, the pigs were removed with a control program and a series of exclosure fences. Following the removal of pigs, native plant species increased and many non-native species decreased. However, the rapid spread rate and apparent ecosystem-modifying properties of three invasive plants began to alarm park resource managers; these include clidemia (Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don, Melastomataceae), kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum Ker. -Gawl., Zingiberaceae), and strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum Sabine, Myrtaceae) (hereafter Clidemia, Hedychium, and Psidium). All three species are considered serious threats to wet forest in Hawaii, on other oceanic islands, and elsewhere. I propose to investigate key life history attributes of these three species including phenology, seed dispersal, seed predation, and establishment sites. In the Hawaiian Islands and elsewhere, this study can provide important information for determining priorities and strategies for invasive plant control. On a theoretical level, it contributes to a more complete understanding of the life history attributes of invasive plants, which contributes to our developing model of invasive species ecology. Such a model has the potential to assess life history of non-native species and to predict which have traits that indicate the potential to become serious invaders.

Taxa covered in this document    
Acacia koa all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Acridotheres tristis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Adenostemma viscosum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Ageratina adenophora all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Ageratina riparia all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Ageratum conyzoides all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Agrostis avenacea all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Alyxia oliviformis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Andropogon virginicus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Anoectochilus sandvicensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Anthoxanthum odoratum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Antidesma platyphyllum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Apis mellifera all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Apodemus flavicollis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Ardisia elliptica all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Aristotelia chilensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Arundina graminifolia all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Astelia menziesiana all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Axonopus compressus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Bidens campylotheca all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Bobea elatior all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Boehmeria grandis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Broussaisia arguta all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Canavalia hawaiiensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Canna indica all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Carex alligata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Carex ovalis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Castilleja arvensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Centella asiatica all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cettia diphone all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Charpentiera ovata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cheirodendron platyphyllum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cheirodendron trigynum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cladium jamaicense all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Claoxylon sandwicense all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Clermontia arborescens all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Clermontia grandiflora all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Clermontia kakeana all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Clermontia samuelii all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Clermontia tuberculata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Clidemia hirta all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Coix lachryma-jobi all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Commelina diffusa all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Conyza canadensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Coprosma ernodeoides all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Coprosma foliosa all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Coprosma granadensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Coprosma montana all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Coprosma ochracea all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Coprosma pubens all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cortaderia jubata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Crassocephalum crepidioides all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cuphea carthagenensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyanea aculeatiflora all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyanea asplenifolia all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyanea copelandii all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyanea elliptica all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyanea grimesiana all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyanea hamatiflora all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyanea horrida all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyanea kunthiana all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyanea longissima all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyanea macrostegia all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyperus halpan all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyperus sandwicensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyrtandra grayi all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyrtandra hashimotoi all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyrtandra hawaiensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyrtandra paludosa all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyrtandra platyphylla all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Cyrtandra spathulata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Deparia petersenii all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Deschampsia nubigena all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Digitaria ciliaris all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Diplazium sandwichianum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Dodonaea viscosa all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Drymaria cordata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Dubautia plantaginea all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Dubautia scabra all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Dubautia waianapanapaensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Ehrharta stipoides all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Eleocharis obtusa all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Embelia pacifica all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Epidendrum x obrienianum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Epilobium billardierianum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Eragrostis grandis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Erechtites valerianifolia all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Fimbristylis dichotoma all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Fragaria chiloensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Freycinetia arborea all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Fusarium oxysporum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Gardenia remyi all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Garnotia acutigluma all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Garrulax canorus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Geopelia striata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Gunnera petaloidea all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Hedychium coronarium all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Hedychium flavescens all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Hedychium gardnerianum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Hedyotis acuminata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Hedyotis centranthoides all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Hedyotis hillebrandii all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Hedyotis terminalis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Hemignathus virens all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Herpestes auropunctatus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Hillebrandia sandwicensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Himatione sanguinea all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Holcus lanatus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Hydrocotyle verticillata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Hypochoeris radicata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Ilex anomala all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Isachne distichophylla all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Joinvillea ascendens all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Juncus bufonius all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Juncus effusus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Juncus planifolius all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Juncus polyanthemos all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Korthalsella complanata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Korthalsella cylindrica all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Korthalsella latissima all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Korthalsella platycaula all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Kyllinga brevifolia all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Kyllinga nemoralis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Labordia hedyosmifolia all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Labordia hirtella all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Labordia tinifolia all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Labordia venosa all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Lantana camara all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Lapsana communis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Leiothrix lutea all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Leptecophylla tameiameiae all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Ligustrum robustum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Liparis hawaiensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Lobelia grayana all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Lobelia hillebrandii all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Lobelia hypoleuca all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Lonicera japonica all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Ludwigia octovalvis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Ludwigia palustris all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Luzula hawaiiensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Lysimachia hillebrandi all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Lysimachia hillebrandii all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Lysimachia remyi all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Machaerina angustifolia all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Machaerina mariscoides all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Mastomys natalensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Melaleuca quinquenervia all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Melicope balloui all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Melicope clusiifolia all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Melicope haleakalae all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Melicope molokaiensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Melicope orbicularis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Melicope ovalis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Melicope peduncularis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Melicope volcanica all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Melinis minutiflora all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Metrosideros polymorpha all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Miconia calvescens all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Morella faya all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Mucuna urens all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Mus domesticus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Myrica faya all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Myrsine emarginata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Myrsine lessertiana all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Myrsine sandwicensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Nothocestrum longifolium all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Oplismenus hirtellus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Oxalis corymbosa all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Paspalum conjugatum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Paspalum dilatatum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Paspalum scrobiculatum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Paspalum urvillei all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Pennisetum clandestinum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Peperomia cookiana all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Peperomia eekana all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Peperomia expallescens all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Peperomia globulanthera all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Peperomia hirtipetiola all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Peperomia kipahuluensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Peperomia latifolia all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Peperomia leptostachya all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Peperomia ligustrina all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Peperomia macraeana all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Peperomia membranacea all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Peperomia obovatilimba all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Peperomia remyi all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Peperomia tetraphylla all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Perrottetia sandwicensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Phaius tankarvilleae all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Phyllostegia ambigua all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Phyllostegia bracteata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Phyllostegia glabra all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Phyllostegia macrophylla all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Phytolacca sandwicensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Pilea peploides all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Pipturus albidus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Pipturus forbesii all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Pittosporum confertiflorum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Pittosporum glabrum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Pittosporum terminalioides all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Pittosporum undulatum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Plantago princeps all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Platydesma spathulata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Pluchea carolinensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Polygonum glabrum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Polygonum punctatum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Pouteria sandwicensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Pritchardia arecina all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Prunella vulgaris all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Psidium cattleianum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Psidium guajava all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Psychotria hawaiiensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Psychotria kaduana all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Psychotria mariniana all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Psychotria mauiensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Psydrax odorata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Pycnonotus cafer all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Pycnonotus jocosus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Ranunculus acris all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Ranunculus repens all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Rattus exulans all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Rattus rattus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Rhynchospora caduca all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Rhynchospora rugosa all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Rhynchospora sclerioides all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Rubus alceifolius all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Rubus argutus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Rubus hawaiensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Rubus macraei all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Rubus penetrans all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Rubus rosifolius all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Rumex giganteus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Sacciolepis indica all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Scaevola chamissoniana all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Schiedea diffusa all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Schiedea pubescens all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Schoenoplectus lacustris all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Setaria gracilis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Sicyos cucumerinus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Smilax melastomifolia all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Solanum americanum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Solanum incompletum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Sonchus oleraceus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Spathodea campanulata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Spathoglottis plicata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Stenogyne kamehamehae all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Stenogyne rotundifolia all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Streblus pendulinus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Strongylodon ruber all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Sus scrofa all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Syzygium jambos all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Syzygium sandwicensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Tetraplasandra kavaiensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Tetraplasandra oahuensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Tibouchina herbacea all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Torulinium odoratum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Touchardia latifolia all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Trematolobelia macrostachys all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Triumfetta semitriloba all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Ugni molinae all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Uncinia uncinata all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Urera glabra all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Vaccinium calycinum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Vaccinium dentatum all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Verbena litoralis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Vernonia cinerea all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Vestiaria coccinea all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Wikstroemia oahuensis all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Wikstroemia villosa all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Xylosma hawaiiense all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Youngia japonica all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Zosterops japonicus all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]
Zyzomys woodwardi all HEARBIB references ] online species info ]

The Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk (HEAR) project is currently funded by the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) of the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) through PIERC (USGS) with support from HCSU (UH-Hilo). More details are available online. Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN)National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII)

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