Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)

Melaleuca quinquenervia
(Myrtaceae)

broadleaf paperbark, broadleaf teatree, cajeput, cajuput, melaleuca, paper bark tree, paperbark, paperbark teatree, punk tree

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HEAR home  >  species info  >  plants  >  Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae)
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Species description or overview Taxonomy & nomenclature Impacts Control methods Pests of this species
Images Distribution Cited as invasive (on a list) Full-text articles Other resources


Species description or overview

Melaleuca quinquenervia overview
A million melaleuca trees have been planted in Hawaii State Forest Reserves to conserve soil on deforested sites, but natural regeneration is very localized.

Melaleuca quinquenervia as a weed in Hawaii View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Information about Melaleuca quinquenervia as a weed in Hawaii is presented by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawai).

Melaleuca quinquenervia information from PIER
Information on Melaleuca quinquenervia as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).

Fact sheet on Melaleuca quinquenervia
This NPS factsheet about Melaleuca quinquenervia contains native ranges, plant descriptions, ecological threats, U.S. distributions and habitats, background of introductions, plant reproduction and dispersal, management approaches, alternative native plants, and other useful information.


Taxonomy & nomenclature

GRIN nomenclature info for Melaleuca quinquenervia
Nomenclatural information about Melaleuca quinquenervia is provided by USDA/ARS/NGRP/GRIN.

ITIS nomenclature info for Melaleuca quinquenervia
Nomenclatural information about Melaleuca quinquenervia is provided by ITIS.

IPNI nomenclature info for Melaleuca quinquenervia
Nomenclatural information about Melaleuca quinquenervia is provided by The International Plant Names Index (IPNI).


Impacts

Melaleuca quinquenervia as a weed in Hawaii View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Information about Melaleuca quinquenervia as a weed in Hawaii is presented by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawai).

Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae): species information from GCW
Information on Melaleuca quinquenervia as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).


Control methods

Field release of the biological control agent Fergusonina turneri ... and its obligate nematode, Fergusobia quinquenerviae... for the control of Melaleuca quinquenervia View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
USDA/APHIS presents an online Environmental Assessment entitled "Field Release of the Biological Control Agent Fergusonina turneri Taylor (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) and its Obligate Nematode, Fergusobia quinquenerviae Davies and Giblin-Davis (Tylenchida: Sphaerulariidae) for the Control of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) in the Continental United States" (January 2005).

Interaction between fungal rust Puccinia psidii and Australian weevil Oxyops vitiosa, on Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida. View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Rust fungus and Australian weevil, two naturalized enemies of melaleuca, compete for newly expanding foliar tissue and may antagonize each other's effects as biocontrol agents of melaleuca (Rayamajhi, M.B., T.K. Van, P.D. Pratt, and T.D. Center. 2006. Interactive association between Puccinia psidii and Oxyops vitiosa, two introduced natural enemies of Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida. Biological Control. 37:56-67.)

Susceptibility of Melaleuca quinquenervia to Botryosphaeria ribis, a potential biological control agent. View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
B. ribis induces cankers on injured melaleuca stems (Rayachhetry, M.B., G.M. Blakeslee, R.S. and R. Charudattan. 1996. Susceptibility of Melaleuca quinquenervia to Botryosphaeria ribis, a potential biological control agent. Plant Disease 88:239-248.)

Histopathology of Botryosphaeria ribis in Melaleuca quinquenervia: pathogen invasion and host response View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Cellular response of excised melaleuca leaves to B. ribis was studied (Rayachhetry, M.B., G.M. Blakeslee, and T. Miller. 1996. Histopathology of Botryosphaeria ribis in Melaleuca quinquenervia: pathogen invasion and host response. International Journal of Plant Sciences 157:221-229.)

Predisposition of melaleuca to invasion by the potential biological control agent Botryosphaeria ribis View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Drought-stressed melaleuca are more susceptible to canker formation by Botryosphaeria ribis (Rayachhetry, M.B., G.M. Blakeslee, and T.D. Center. 1996. Predisposition of melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia) to invasion by the potential biological control agent Botryosphaeria ribis. Weed Science 44:603-608.)

Evaluation of fungus-chemical compatibility for melaleuca control View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Pathogenic fungus Botryospaeria ribis can be combined with some but not all herbicides to control melaleuca (Rayachhetry, M.B. and M.L. Elliott. 1997. Evaluation of fungus-chemical compatibility for melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia) control. Weed Technology 11:64-69.)

Puccinia psidii attacks melaleuca View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Biocontrol of invasive melaleuca with the rust Puccinia psidii may be considered after researchers discover a natural epiphytotic in Florida (Plant Disease, 1997).

Melaleuca quinquenervia as a weed in Hawaii View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Information about Melaleuca quinquenervia as a weed in Hawaii is presented by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawai).

Herbicidal weed control methods for pastures and natural areas of Hawaii View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format  new posting 
This comprehensive review of herbicide application methods includes calculations for formulations, and appendices listing herbicides registered for use in Hawaii and their toxicities (University of Hawaii, 2002).


Pests of this species

Puccinia psidii rust found on paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia)
Puccinia psidii rust has been found on paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) in the Hilo area of the Big Island (Hawaii) (November 2005).

An analysis of the risk of introduction of additional strains of the rust Puccinia psidii Winter (ohia rust) to Hawaii View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
In April 2005, the rust fungus Puccinia psidii (most widely known as guava rust or eucalyptus rust) was found in Hawaii. It is important to ecosystem conservation and commercial forestry that additional rust strains or genotypes be prevented from establishing in Hawaii.


Images

Images of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae) (paperbark, punk tree)
Links to high-resolution free images of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Myrtaceae) (paperbark, punk tree) by Forest & Kim Starr (USGS) are available here.

Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands info for Melaleuca quinquenervia
RECORD AUTO-GENERATED VIA SHF.SSL (Smithsonian Hawaiian Flora)

Images of Melaleuca quinquenervia
A collection of images of Melaleuca quinquenervia is presented by The Bugwood Network.

Melaleuca quinquenervia images from PIER
Images of Melaleuca quinquenervia provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).


Distribution

Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands info for Melaleuca quinquenervia
RECORD AUTO-GENERATED VIA SHF.SSL (Smithsonian Hawaiian Flora)

Melaleuca quinquenervia as a weed in Hawaii View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Information about Melaleuca quinquenervia as a weed in Hawaii is presented by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawai).


Cited as invasive (on a list)

2007 FLEPPC invasive plant list View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 2007 List of Invasive Plant Species focus includes adverse effects exotic pest plants have on Florida's biodiversity and plant communities.


Full-text articles

Peer-reviewed full-text articles on Melaleuca and other species
A bibliography--including links to full-text article downloads on Melaleuca quinquenervia and other species*--is presented online by USDA/ARS (*notably Lygodium spp., Salvinia spp., and pathogens of these and other species).

Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide
Motooka, Philip, Luisa Castro, Duane Nelson, Guy Nagai, and Lincoln Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawaii--Manoa), Honolulu. 184 pp. color illus. ISBN: 1-929325-14-2. ISSN: (unknown or N/A).


Other resources

Melaleuca quinquenervia (punk tree) as an invasive species (information from TNC)
Information about Kalanchoe pinnatum as an invasive species is provided by The Nature Conservancy.


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