Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)

Erythrina sandwicensis
(Fabaceae)

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Featured items Species description or overview Taxonomy & nomenclature Native uses Pests of this species
Cultivation & propagation Images Herbarium specimens Distribution Where to see this species
Books In the news Full-text articles Other resources  


Featured items

Remnant wiliwili forest habitat at Wailea 670, Maui, Hawaii View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
"The Wailea 670 development proposal presents a situation in which a developer is proposing to destroy one of the largest remnants on Maui of a highly endangered Hawaiian ecosystem." "The southern 1/6 of the Wailea 670 is geologically distinct...an aa lava flow passed through there 10,000 years ago. Because of the unique soil properties of the aa flow, this portion of the property supports self-maintaining populations of 12 endemic species of Hawaiian plants, as well as 8 indigenous species." "The wiliwili trees (Erythrina sandwicensis) and other Hawaiian species found on the aa flow in Wailea 670 are remnants of low-elevation Hawaiian dryland forest. This habitat is one of the most highly endangered ecosystems in the United States. Fully 95% of this ecosystem has been destroyed by fire and cattle. The surviving 5% of this ecosystem on Maui occur mainly on recent (4000-10000 year old) aa lava flows, which keep the vegetation sparse enough to survive fires in the surrounding areas, and prevent suffocation by invasive alien grasses."


Species description or overview

Wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis) overview from the National Tropical Botanical Garden
The taxonomy, distribution, and role of wiliwili in legend are included on this site from NTBG.


Taxonomy & nomenclature

GRIN nomenclature info for Erythrina sandwicensis
Nomenclatural information about Erythrina sandwicensis is provided by USDA/ARS/NGRP/GRIN.

ITIS nomenclature info for Erythrina sandwicensis
Nomenclatural information about Erythrina sandwicensis is provided by ITIS.

IPNI nomenclature info for Erythrina sandwicensis  new posting 
Nomenclatural information about Erythrina sandwicensis is provided by The International Plant Names Index (IPNI).


Native uses

Hawaiian use of native plants (p. 6 of 7)
Hawaiian uses of some native Hawaiian plants are summarized here.


Pests of this species

Wasp swap: a relief for wiliwili?
"Researchers have identified a predatory wasp in Africa that may be the solution to the gall wasp infestation that has wreaked havoc on Hawaii's wiliwili trees. If further testing confirms that it would be safe to introduce the predator, that could come as soon as September."

Efforts to control erythrina gall wasps fail
"The remedy to control the alien wasps that have been ravaging wiliwili trees continues to elude biologists who have learned that pruning the affected portions doesn't help at all," reports The Maui News (27 September 2005).

Tiny wasp may kill off native trees
"Keeping tabs on invasive species" is a Honolulu Advertiser article concerning invasive species problems in Hawaii, and some groups that are doing something about them.

Wiliwili on Maui: threatened by the Erythrina gall wasp
Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR); webmaster: Philip A. Thomas

Erythrina gall wasp View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
"One of the latest invaders reported on April 19, 2005 is the Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae. As its name implies, it attacks Erythrina also known as Wiliwili or the Indian Coral Trees." Erythrina Gall Wasp.

Alien wasp may doom the wiliwili
"An alien wasp discovered on Maui only a week ago has been spreading like an explosion of confetti and could spell doom for the cherished wiliwili trees" (Valerie Monson, The Maui News, 08AUG2005).


Cultivation & propagation

Maui (planting zone 2) planting list (Maui County Department of Water Supply)
A list of recommended species for planting in "planting zone 2" is provided by the Maui County Department of Water Supply.

Maui (planting zone 3) planting list (Maui County Department of Water Supply)
A list of recommended species for planting in "planting zone 3" is provided by the Maui County Department of Water Supply.

Hawaiian dryland forest & shrubland: species cultivation information
Cultivation information is provided for several plant species of Hawaiian dryland forest & shrubland.


Images

Images of Erythrina sandwicensis (Fabaceae) (wiliwili)
Links to high-resolution free images of Erythrina sandwicensis (Fabaceae) (wiliwili) by Forest & Kim Starr (USGS) are available here.

Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands info for Erythrina sandwicensis
Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (Wagner, W. L., D. R. Herbst, and D. H. Lorence. 2005-. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands website. http://ravenel.si.edu/botany/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaiianflora/index.htm [accessed Apr 2006])

Images of wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis) from the University of Hawaii Department of Botany
Images of the wiliwili tree (Erythrina sandwicensis) are presented by the University of Hawaii's Department of Botany.


Herbarium specimens

Images of voucher specimens for Erythrina sandwicensis from the herbarium of Kalaupapa National Historical Park (Molokai, Hawaii, USA)
Images of voucher specimens of Erythrina sandwicensis from the herbarium of Kalaupapa National Historical Park (Molokai, Hawaii, USA) are available online.


Distribution

Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands info for Erythrina sandwicensis
Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (Wagner, W. L., D. R. Herbst, and D. H. Lorence. 2005-. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands website. http://ravenel.si.edu/botany/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaiianflora/index.htm [accessed Apr 2006])

Wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis) modelled historic range map
By-island maps of the modelled historic range of wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis) in Hawaii are presented online.


Where to see this species

'Ili'iliholo Gulch (Kihei, Maui) Hawaiian dryland forest restoration site species list
GBIF

NHPS Hibiscus brackenridgei exclosure (Maui)
One of the only three populations of the endangered Hawaii State flower (Hibiscus brackenridgei) was fenced in the 1980s by the Native Hawaiian Plant Society to protect these beautiful plants from trampling and grazing by cattle, goats, and deer.

Images of University of Hawaii campus plants (p. 10)
Images of some plants on the University of Hawaii's Manoa campus are presented here.

Koko Crater Botanical Garden
"Koko Crater Botanical Garden is a 60-acre basin inside the landmark Koko Crater on the eastern end of the island of Oahu. The hot, dry climate here makes this garden the ideal location for the dryland collections of the Honolulu Botanical Gardens."

Naturally occurring native species at Ka'upulehu (2003)
A list of naturally-occurring native species at Ka'upulehu is provided by the Hawaii Forest Industry Association.

A nature walk to Kaena Point
Arrigoni, Edward. 1978. A nature walk to Kaena Point. Honolulu: Topgallant Publishing Co., Ltd. ISBN: 0-914916-30-0. ISSN: (unknown or N/A).

Kaena Point natural area reserve ecosystem restoration project
The resources of Kaena, and threats to the wildlife, are depicted on this US Fish and Wildlife site.


Books

A nature walk to Kaena Point
Arrigoni, Edward. 1978. A nature walk to Kaena Point. Honolulu: Topgallant Publishing Co., Ltd. ISBN: 0-914916-30-0. ISSN: (unknown or N/A).


In the news

Tiny wasps killing Hawaiian trees
Wasps killing thousands of wiliwili trees are one of the most serious epidemics ever caused by an invasive species in Hawaii.

Wasp swap: a relief for wiliwili?
"Researchers have identified a predatory wasp in Africa that may be the solution to the gall wasp infestation that has wreaked havoc on Hawaii's wiliwili trees. If further testing confirms that it would be safe to introduce the predator, that could come as soon as September."

Wasp swap: A relief for wiliwili? (Maui News, 18 June 2007)
A predatory wasp in Africa may be the solution to the gall wasp infestation that has wreaked havoc on wiliwili trees in Hawaii. The predator is now being studied as a potential biocontrol of the gall wasp.


Full-text articles

Remnant wiliwili forest habitat at Wailea 670, Maui, Hawaii View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
"The Wailea 670 development proposal presents a situation in which a developer is proposing to destroy one of the largest remnants on Maui of a highly endangered Hawaiian ecosystem." "The southern 1/6 of the Wailea 670 is geologically distinct...an aa lava flow passed through there 10,000 years ago. Because of the unique soil properties of the aa flow, this portion of the property supports self-maintaining populations of 12 endemic species of Hawaiian plants, as well as 8 indigenous species." "The wiliwili trees (Erythrina sandwicensis) and other Hawaiian species found on the aa flow in Wailea 670 are remnants of low-elevation Hawaiian dryland forest. This habitat is one of the most highly endangered ecosystems in the United States. Fully 95% of this ecosystem has been destroyed by fire and cattle. The surviving 5% of this ecosystem on Maui occur mainly on recent (4000-10000 year old) aa lava flows, which keep the vegetation sparse enough to survive fires in the surrounding areas, and prevent suffocation by invasive alien grasses."

Flowers, pollination, and ocean dispersal in coral trees (Erythrina)
Information about flowers, pollination, and ocean dispersal in coral trees (Erythrina) is provided online.


Other resources

Wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis) seed collection form (MS-Word format)
HEAR (www.hear.org)

Wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis) seed collection form (Acrobat/PDF format)
Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)


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