Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)

Holcus lanatus
(Poaceae)

Yorkshire fog, common velvet grass, creeping soft grass, soft meadow grass, velvet grass, woolly soft grass

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Species description or overview Taxonomy & nomenclature Impacts Control methods Images Distribution
Where to see this species Books Full-text articles Experts Other resources  

HEAR CLOSING      HEAR CLOSING      HEAR CLOSING

A message from Dr. David Duffy, Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit (PCSU), University of Hawaii (posted 05 November 2012):

Because of a lack of funds, HEAR (www.hear.org) may close as soon as December 15, although there may be enough funds to extend it until February 15. This will mean several things. The web site will be placed on a new server although it is not clear who will pay for the server or for transitioning the site. HEAR data will not be updated. The Pacific Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (http://www.hear.org/pier/abtproj.htm) site will also become frozen, as will numerous books, reports and papers (http://www.hear.org/). As software evolves we will likely lose the ability to access the data. The various list servers will need new owners, otherwise moderated lists will cease to function altogether, while other lists will not be able to add or delete members. The photo collection (http://www.hear.org/starr/images/?o=plants) will remain accessible, but only through a third party site that will charge for access.

I should point out that we have already lost the original homes of both the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) and Pacific Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) although they have found temporary refuges. Together with HEAR, they represent the corporate memory both here in Hawaii and across the Pacific of efforts to sustain our natural ecosystems and agriculture against problems caused by species alien to the islands. HEAR also serves as the glue that holds the community together, providing information and facilitating communication. I just hope hindsight is kind to this decision.

PLEASE SEND YOUR COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS TO webmaster@hear.org

Let us know if you have suggestions for additional references to add to this page.

Holcus lanatus is an erect perennial grass, 1 to 2 feet tall, velvety throughout, will leaves 4 to 8 inches long, 1/8-1/4 inch wide, with prominent midnerves. The velvety haris on the foliage and the usually silvery flowering head gives the plant a grayish appearance, hence the English name "Yorkshire fog."  "A native of Europe, introduced and widespread in the United States where it is occasionally cultivated as a meadow grass on light or sandy soil."  "it is particularly abundant in cool temperate regions on the island of Hawaii. It thrives best in moist areas, but seems to withstand qutie varied climatic conditions." "On the Pacific coast [ed.: USA], where it is very common, and in Australia it is usually regarded as a pest."  Holcus lanatus is native to Europe. 

Species description or overview

Holcus lanatus information from CTAHR (Motooka et al.) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Information about Holcus lanatus from "Weeds of Hawaii's pastures and natural areas: an identification and management guide" (Motooka et al. 2003) is provided by the University of Hawaii's College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR).

Holcus lanatus information from PIER
Information on Holcus lanatus as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).

Holcus lanatus description and ecology from GISD (ISSG)
A species description and information about the ecology of Holcus lanatus as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Taxonomy & nomenclature

GRIN nomenclature info for Holcus lanatus
Nomenclatural information about Holcus lanatus is provided by USDA/ARS/NGRP/GRIN.

Holcus lanatus information from the Smithsonian's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Holcus lanatus--including nomenclature and synonymy, and status and distribution in Hawaii--is provided by the "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands" website of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Links from this page include descriptive information about the species, as well as worldwide distributional information and general information about the genus.

Holcus lanatus information from ITIS
The Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS provides authoritative taxonomic information on Holcus lanatus, as well as other plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.

IPNI nomenclature info for Holcus lanatus
Nomenclatural information about Holcus lanatus is provided by The International Plant Names Index (IPNI).


Impacts

Holcus lanatus (Poaceae): species information from GCW
Information on Holcus lanatus as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Holcus lanatus impact information from GISD (ISSG)
Impact information regarding Holcus lanatus as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Control methods

Holcus lanatus information from CTAHR (Motooka et al.) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Information about Holcus lanatus from "Weeds of Hawaii's pastures and natural areas: an identification and management guide" (Motooka et al. 2003) is provided by the University of Hawaii's College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR).

Holcus lanatus management information from GISD (ISSG)
Management information for Holcus lanatus as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Images

Images of Holcus lanatus (Poaceae) (Yorkshire fog)
Links to high-resolution free images of Holcus lanatus (Poaceae) (Yorkshire fog) by Forest & Kim Starr (USGS) are available here.

Holcus lanatus information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Holcus lanatus in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Holcus lanatus images from PIER
Images of Holcus lanatus provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).


Distribution

Holcus lanatus information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Holcus lanatus in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Holcus lanatus information from the Smithsonian's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Holcus lanatus--including nomenclature and synonymy, and status and distribution in Hawaii--is provided by the "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands" website of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Links from this page include descriptive information about the species, as well as worldwide distributional information and general information about the genus.

Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy (2000) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
The status of invasive plants, vertebrates, arthropods, molluscs, and crustaceans, and options for a regional invasive species strategy for the South Pacific are presented in this series of articles from the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2000.

Holcus lanatus worldwide distribution from GISD (ISSG)
Worldwide distribution information about Holcus lanatus is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Where to see this species

Auwahi - Dry forest of Maui
Images, history, and ethnobotany of Auwahi are on the HEAR website.


Books

Weeds of the West
Whitson, Tom D., Larry C. Burrill, Steven A. Dewey, David W. Cudney, B.E. Nelson, Richard D. Lee, and Robert Parker. Whitson, Tom D. (ed.) . 2001. Weeds of the West. 9th ed. Laramie: University of Wyoming. ISBN: 0-941570-13-4.

Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide
Motooka, Philip, Luisa Castro, Duane Nelson, Guy Nagai, and Lincoln Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawaii--Manoa), Honolulu. 184 pp. color illus. ISBN: 1-929325-14-2.

Grasses of the Hawaiian ranges (book)
A complete list of all species covered in Grasses of the Hawaiian ranges (Whitney, Hosaka, and Ripperton, 1939) is presented, along with a complete bibliographic citation. This book "describes and illustrates 103 of the most important grasses in Hawaii.... There are many grasses, either recently introduced or slow to become acclimatized, that have not yet established themselves on the ranges; these are not here included. Species that are found outside the general range areas, as in summit bogs, forest reserves, and national parks, are also omitted. Keys to the tribes and genera [are also included." ([adapted] from the book's introduction)


Full-text articles

Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research
Stone, Charles P., Clifford W. Smith, and J. Timothy Tunison (eds.) . 1992. Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit. ISBN: 0-8248-1474-6.

Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy
South Pacific Regional Environmental Programme (SPREP). Sherley, Greg (ed.) . 2000. Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy. Apia, Samoa: South Pacific Regional Environment Programme. ISBN: 982-04-0214-X.

Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide
Motooka, Philip, Luisa Castro, Duane Nelson, Guy Nagai, and Lincoln Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawaii--Manoa), Honolulu. 184 pp. color illus. ISBN: 1-929325-14-2.

Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest
Medeiros, A.C. 2004. Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.


Experts

Holcus lanatus contacts from GISD (ISSG)
Contact information for experts on Holcus lanatus as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Other resources

Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest
After rain forest of Haleakala National Park was fenced in the late 1980s, native vegetation responded vigorously yet three problematic plant invaders (Clidemia hirta, Hedychium gardnerianum, and Psidium cattleianum) continued to spread unabated and became of great concern to Park managers. This contribution provides a quantitative assessment of crucial life history junctures (quantitative phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal, seed predation, seedling establishment) to assist Haleakala NP and other managers of Hawaiian rain forests. It also provides detailed information for potentially identifying key characteristics in prevention, rapid response, and prioritization of incoming invasive species. (This document is the 2004 Ph.D. dissertation of Dr. Arthur C. Medeiros for the Department of Zoology at the University of Hawaii.)

Distribution and Spread of Alien Plants in Kipahulu Valley, Haleakala National Park, above 2,300 ft Elevation View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
A baseline survey based on a network of 20 transects and 400 plots provides information on alien plant distribution during feral pig removal and prior to alien plant control efforts in Kipahulu Valley, Maui (from Alien Plant Invasions in Native Ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and Research, 1992, 39 pp).

Holcus lanatus references from GISD (ISSG)
References regarding Holcus lanatus as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


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The Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR) is currently funded by grants from the Hau'oli Mau Loa Foundation and the U.S. Forest Service with support from PCSU (UH Manoa). Historically, HEAR has also received funding and/or support from the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) of the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII), PIERC (USGS), the USFWS, HCSU (UH Hilo), and HALE (NPS).

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