Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)

Andropogon virginicus
(Poaceae)

broomsedge, whisky grass, yellow bluestem

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Andropogon virginicus is an erect perennial grass, 1 to 3 feet tall, with stems flattened at the base, usually clothed with long hairs along the sides, with leaves 6 to 12 inches long.  "The seeds are readily carried by wind by means of the long, feathery flower-stalks that remain attached to the seed. The distribution in the Hawaiian Islands is rather rapid."  Andropogon virginicus is native to the United States, the West Indies, Central America, and Mexico. 


Species description or overview

Information about Andropogon virginicus from IUCN's ISSG/GISD
online

Andropogon virginicus information from CTAHR (Motooka et al.) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Information about Andropogon virginicus from "Weeds of Hawaii's pastures and natural areas: an identification and management guide" (Motooka et al. 2003) is provided by the University of Hawaii's College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR).

Andropogon virginicus information from PIER
Information on Andropogon virginicus as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).

Andropogon virginicus description and ecology from GISD (ISSG)
A species description and information about the ecology of Andropogon virginicus as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Taxonomy & nomenclature

GRIN nomenclature info for Andropogon virginicus
Nomenclatural information about Andropogon virginicus is provided by USDA/ARS/NGRP/GRIN.

Andropogon virginicus information from the Smithsonian's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Andropogon virginicus--including nomenclature and synonymy, and status and distribution in Hawaii--is provided by the "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands" website of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Links from this page include descriptive information about the species, as well as worldwide distributional information and general information about the genus.

Andropogon virginicus information from ITIS
The Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS provides authoritative taxonomic information on Andropogon virginicus, as well as other plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.

IPNI nomenclature info for Andropogon virginicus
Nomenclatural information about Andropogon virginicus is provided by The International Plant Names Index (IPNI).


Impacts

Andropogon virginicus (Poaceae): species information from GCW
Information on Andropogon virginicus as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Andropogon virginicus impact information from GISD (ISSG)
Impact information regarding Andropogon virginicus as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Risk assessments

Andropogon virginicus weed risk assessment for Hawaii-Pacific
Results of a weed risk assessment for Andropogon virginicus for the Hawaii-Pacific region are presented by the Hawaii-Pacific Weed Risk Assessment team.


Control methods

Andropogon virginicus information from CTAHR (Motooka et al.) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Information about Andropogon virginicus from "Weeds of Hawaii's pastures and natural areas: an identification and management guide" (Motooka et al. 2003) is provided by the University of Hawaii's College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR).

Andropogon virginicus management information from GISD (ISSG)
Management information for Andropogon virginicus as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Images

Images of Andropogon virginicus (Poaceae) (broomsedge)
Links to high-resolution free images of Andropogon virginicus (Poaceae) (broomsedge) by Forest & Kim Starr (USGS) are available here.

Andropogon virginicus information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Andropogon virginicus in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Andropogon virginicus images from PIER
Images of Andropogon virginicus provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).


Distribution

Andropogon virginicus information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Andropogon virginicus in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Andropogon virginicus information from the Smithsonian's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Andropogon virginicus--including nomenclature and synonymy, and status and distribution in Hawaii--is provided by the "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands" website of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Links from this page include descriptive information about the species, as well as worldwide distributional information and general information about the genus.

Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy (2000) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
The status of invasive plants, vertebrates, arthropods, molluscs, and crustaceans, and options for a regional invasive species strategy for the South Pacific are presented in this series of articles from the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2000.

New plant records for the Hawaiian Archipelago (2001) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
New island records, new state records, and range extensions of plants located on Midway Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii, State of Hawaii are in this report.

Andropogon virginicus worldwide distribution from GISD (ISSG)
Worldwide distribution information about Andropogon virginicus is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Books

Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide
Motooka, Philip, Luisa Castro, Duane Nelson, Guy Nagai, and Lincoln Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawaii--Manoa), Honolulu. 184 pp. color illus. ISBN: 1-929325-14-2.

Grasses of the Hawaiian ranges (book)
A complete list of all species covered in Grasses of the Hawaiian ranges (Whitney, Hosaka, and Ripperton, 1939) is presented, along with a complete bibliographic citation. This book "describes and illustrates 103 of the most important grasses in Hawaii.... There are many grasses, either recently introduced or slow to become acclimatized, that have not yet established themselves on the ranges; these are not here included. Species that are found outside the general range areas, as in summit bogs, forest reserves, and national parks, are also omitted. Keys to the tribes and genera [are also included." ([adapted] from the book's introduction)


Full-text articles

Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research
Stone, Charles P., Clifford W. Smith, and J. Timothy Tunison (eds.) . 1992. Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit. ISBN: 0-8248-1474-6.

Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy
South Pacific Regional Environmental Programme (SPREP). Sherley, Greg (ed.) . 2000. Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy. Apia, Samoa: South Pacific Regional Environment Programme. ISBN: 982-04-0214-X.

Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide
Motooka, Philip, Luisa Castro, Duane Nelson, Guy Nagai, and Lincoln Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawaii--Manoa), Honolulu. 184 pp. color illus. ISBN: 1-929325-14-2.

Maui Offshore Islet Botanical Survey
Starr, F., K. Starr, and Wood K. 2006. Maui Offshore Islet Botanical Survey. Report prepared for State Department of Land and Natural Resources and the Offshore Islet Restoration Committee, Honolulu, Hawaii.

New plant records from the Hawaiian archipelago
Starr, Forest, Kim Martz, and Lloyd L. Loope. 2002. New plant records from the Hawaiian archipelago. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucius G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2000. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 69:16-27.

Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest
Medeiros, A.C. 2004. Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.

Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants on Midway Atoll, Hawaii.
Starr, F., K. Starr, and Loope L. 2006. Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants on Midway Atoll, Hawaii. An addendum to the 1999 Botanical Survey of Midway Atoll.

Proceedings of workshop on biological control of native ecosystems in Hawaii
Smith, Clifford W., Julie Denslow, and Stephen Hight (eds.) . 2002. Proceedings of workshop on biological control of native ecosystems in Hawaii. Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit (University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Botany) Technical Report 129. 122 pages.

Biological control of invasive plants in native Hawaiian ecosystems (synthesis and conclusions)
Smith, Clifford W., Julie Denslow, and Stephen Hight. 2002. Biological control of invasive plants in native Hawaiian ecosystems (synthesis and conclusions). pp. 117-122 in 2002. Smith, Clifford W., Julie Denslow, and Stephen Hight. pp. 117-122 in Smith, Clifford W., Julie Denslow, and Stephen Hight (eds). 2002. Proceedings of workshop on biological control of native ecosystems in Hawaii. Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit (University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Botany) Technical Report 129. 122 pages. from http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/duffy/techr/129.pdf accessed 16 March 2008.


Experts

Andropogon virginicus contacts from GISD (ISSG)
Contact information for experts on Andropogon virginicus as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Other resources

Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest
After rain forest of Haleakala National Park was fenced in the late 1980s, native vegetation responded vigorously yet three problematic plant invaders (Clidemia hirta, Hedychium gardnerianum, and Psidium cattleianum) continued to spread unabated and became of great concern to Park managers. This contribution provides a quantitative assessment of crucial life history junctures (quantitative phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal, seed predation, seedling establishment) to assist Haleakala NP and other managers of Hawaiian rain forests. It also provides detailed information for potentially identifying key characteristics in prevention, rapid response, and prioritization of incoming invasive species. (This document is the 2004 Ph.D. dissertation of Dr. Arthur C. Medeiros for the Department of Zoology at the University of Hawaii.)

Distribution and Spread of Alien Plants in Kipahulu Valley, Haleakala National Park, above 2,300 ft Elevation View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
A baseline survey based on a network of 20 transects and 400 plots provides information on alien plant distribution during feral pig removal and prior to alien plant control efforts in Kipahulu Valley, Maui (from Alien Plant Invasions in Native Ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and Research, 1992, 39 pp).

Andropogon virginicus references from GISD (ISSG)
References regarding Andropogon virginicus as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


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The Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk (HEAR) project was historically funded by the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) of the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) through PIERC (USGS) with support from HCSU (UH Hilo). More details are available online. Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII)

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