Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)

Axis axis
(Cervidae)

axis deer

HEAR home  >  species info  >  vertebrates  >  Axis axis (Cervidae)
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Species description or overview Taxonomy & nomenclature Impacts Control methods Videos Distribution
Books In the news Full-text articles Bibliography Experts Other resources


Species description or overview

Axis deer (Axis axis): HEAR HNIS report View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
The Global Compendium of Weeds provides worldwide citations of potential weediness of Haplophyllum perforatum.

Axis axis description and ecology from GISD (ISSG)
A species description and information about the ecology of Axis axis as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Taxonomy & nomenclature

ITIS nomenclature info for Axis axis
Nomenclatural information about Axis axis is provided by ITIS.


Impacts

Controlling ungulate populations in native ecosystems in Hawaii View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
"Controlling ungulate populations in native ecosystems in Hawaii" is a 2005 position paper presented by the Hawaii Conservation Alliance.

Axis axis impact information from GISD (ISSG)
Impact information regarding Axis axis as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).

The high cost of having no control program
Fencing free-roaming game mammals is expensive, but not doing it costs more. The economic and social costs of game mammal damage are explained.

The need for speedy reform of Hawaii's game management program
A description of the feral pig problem in Hawaii with excellent photographs and facts about the impacts pigs are having on native plants and animals are on this Rare Hawaii site.


Control methods

Controlling ungulate populations in native ecosystems in Hawaii View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
"Controlling ungulate populations in native ecosystems in Hawaii" is a 2005 position paper presented by the Hawaii Conservation Alliance.

Axis axis management information from GISD (ISSG)
Management information for Axis axis as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).

Non-native species in Haleakala National Park
Haleakala's strategy to fence the park to exclude alien ungulates; remove all populations of feral goats, pigs and deer; and place snares at remote areas to intercept any individual ungulate that penetrates the boundary fence, now preserves the native ecosystems.


Videos

Axis deer at Makena
A herd of axis deer at the State Park at Makena, Maui, is video taped, with commentary (YouTube, 10/19/2007).


Distribution

Distribution of Axis axis (Cervidae) in the Hawaiian Islands as of 05/98
Karen H. Beard and Eric M. O'Neill

Axis axis worldwide distribution from GISD (ISSG)
Worldwide distribution information about Axis axis is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Books

Mammals in Hawaii, second edition
Tomich, P. Quentin. 1986. Mammals in Hawaii, second edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 76. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. 375 pp. ISBN: 0-93087-10-2.


In the news

Online articles about introduced game animals and their harmful effects on the environment
Annotated links to news and magazine articles regarding hunting and feral mammals are provided by rarehawaii.org.

Making hunting pono--save Hawaii's native creatures
The Honolulu Star-Bulletin (http://starbulletin.com)


Full-text articles

Kanaio Natural Area Reserve: biological inventory and management recommendations
Medeiros, Arthur C., Lloyd L. Loope, and C.G. Chimera. 1993. Kanaio Natural Area Reserve: biological inventory and management recommendations. Natural Area Reserve System, State of Hawaii.

Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research
Stone, Charles P., Clifford W. Smith, and J. Timothy Tunison (eds.) . 1992. Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit. ISBN: 0-8248-1474-6.


Bibliography

References for Axis axis
Bibliographic references for Axis axis are provided by HEAR.


Experts

Axis axis contacts from GISD (ISSG)
Contact information for experts on Axis axis as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Other resources

Rare Hawaii
The Rare Hawaii website highlights the severe impacts of feral mammals (e.g., pigs, goats, deer, sheep) on native ecosystems of Hawaii.

Axis axis references from GISD (ISSG)
References regarding Axis axis as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


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The Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk (HEAR) project is currently funded by the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) of the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) through PIERC (USGS) with support from HCSU (UH-Hilo). More details are available online. Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII)

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