Bambusa textilis McClure; Family - Poaceae; Common Name(s) - Textile bamboo, Weavers bamboo; Synonym(s) - NA.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated? (If answer is 'no' then go to question 2.01)

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

y

-2

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y

1

4.02

Allelopathic

n

0

4.03

Parasitic

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

n

-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

n

0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

n

0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y

1

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

n

0

5.02

Grass

y

1

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

6.02

Produces viable seed.

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y

1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

n

-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

>4

-1

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y

1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

n

-1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

n

-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

Total score:

-3

Notes

Reference

1.01

No evidence that domestication has reduced competitive ability. (1)Usually cultivated, riversides, around villages; low elevations. Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi.

(1)http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242307728 [Accessed 15 Feb 2008]

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1)DISTRIBUTION: South China, including Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian provinces introduced to other provinces. Bambusa textilis is native and cultivated in China in subtropical areas on moderately rich soils, usually growing on hills.

(1)Rao, A.N. and V. Ramanatha Rao, editors. 1998. Priority Species of Bamboo and Rattan. IPGRI-APO, Serdang, Malaysia.

2.02

2.03

(1)Hardiness: USDA Zone 9a: to -6.6 °C (20 °F) USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F) (2)This species is one of the more cold hardy of the tropical bamboo, only dropping a little foliage at 10-15°F.

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/62068/ [Accessed 14 Feb 2008] (2)http://www.magnoliagardensnursery.com/productdescrip/Bambusa_textilis.html [Accessed 14 Feb 2008]

2.04

(1)DISTRIBUTION: South China, including Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian provinces introduced to other provinces. Bambusa textilis is native and cultivated in China in subtropical areas on moderately rich soils, usually growing on hills.

2.05

(1)Cultivated in Hawaii, Florida, Georgia, and Puerto Rico. (2)This plant has been said to grow in the following regions: Garden Grove, California Thousand Oaks, California Austin, Texas Gonzales, Texas

(1)http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=BAMBU [Accessed 19 Feb 2008] (2)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/62068/ [Accessed 19 Feb 2008]

3.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Quattrocchi, U. 2006. CRC World Dictionary of Grasses: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

3.02

No evidence.(1)In addition, Bambusa textilis is listed as an alternative plant to grow instead of other invasive, ornamental grasses. (2) Clumping Bamboo is simply non-invasive bamboo. Here, the culm and the rhizome are one. The upper part of the short rhizome has buds, one of which develops into another very short rhizome and then turns upward to emerge from the ground as a secondary culm close to the parent.

(1)http://www.weeds.crc.org.au/documents/fs26_alternatives_garden_plants.pdf [Accessed 15 Feb 2008] (2)http://www.mrbamboo.com.au/Clumping_Bamboo/clumping_bamboo.html [Accessed 15 Feb 2008]

3.03

No evidence.(1)In addition, Bambusa textilis is listed as an alternative plant to grow instead of other invasive, ornamental grasses.

(1)http://www.weeds.crc.org.au/documents/fs26_alternatives_garden_plants.pdf [Accessed 15 Feb 2008] (2)http://www.mrbamboo.com.au/Clumping_Bamboo/clumping_bamboo.html [Accessed 15 Feb 2008]

3.04

No evidence.(1)In addition, Bambusa textilis is listed as an alternative plant to grow instead of other invasive, ornamental grasses.

(1)http://www.weeds.crc.org.au/documents/fs26_alternatives_garden_plants.pdf [Accessed 15 Feb 2008] (2)http://www.mrbamboo.com.au/Clumping_Bamboo/clumping_bamboo.html [Accessed 15 Feb 2008]

3.05

None listed in Holme et al. Geographic atlas of world weeds. All other references as weeds in this genus were vague with no evidence of control measures being enacted.

4.01

(1)General Comments: The hardiest of the clumping bamboo. Do use care when handling as spines are sharp. (2)Danger: Plant has spines or sharp edges; use extreme caution when handling

(1)http://www.themulch.com/index.php?option=com_mulch&func=details&id=165 [Accessed 14 Feb 2008] (2)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/62068/ [Accessed 19 Feb 2008]

4.02

No evidence.

4.03

Not parasitic

4.04

Bambusa spp generally palatable to animals. (1)Bambusa spp. Eaten by goats (2)Bamboo (Bambusa spp.) was fed to the cattle and buffalo by all of the farmers

(1)http://acga.org.au/goatnotes/J001.php [Accessed 19 Feb 2008] (2)http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/ARTICLE/WFC/XII/0005-B1.HTM#fnB1 [Accessed 19 Feb 2008]

4.05

No evidence

4.06

No evidence of important economic pests associated with B. textilis. (1) Mealybug Palmicultor lumpurensis in Texas October 2004 The bamboo mealybug Palmicultor lumpurensis has been observed growing on bamboo spp in central to southern regions of Texas. It has recently been observed and identified on bamboo plants in a public park in Travis County TX. The following plants had the mealybug Palmicultor lumpurensis: Bambusa beecheyana Bambusa multiplex see article/photos Bambusa oldhamii see article/photos Bambusa textilis see article/photos
Bambusa tuldoides `Ventricosa' see article/photos Palmicultor lumpurensis may have arrived with a new planting (2003) of Bambusa tuldoides `Ventricosa'. The greatest damage (severe stunting of new shoots) was most apparent on B.oldhamii and B. beecheyana, which were growing within close proximity of the B.tuldoides `Ventricosa'. This mealy bug appeared most prominently in the tips of the sheath blades on the newly emergong shoots, feeding on the outer culm walls, increasing in numbers as the sheath gradually becames detached from the culm.
Bambusa multiplex and Bambusa textilis, which were growing more then 100ft away appear to have been inhabited a little later, during a more advance stage of their new shoot growth.

(1)http://www.bamboocraft.net/forums/showthread.php?t=683 [Accessed 19 Feb 2008]

4.07

No evidence.

4.08

Unknown

4.09

(1)Sun Exposure: Part sun to full sun (2)Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun. (3)If growing in the ground it prefers to grow in full sun.

(1)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Poaceae/Bambusa_textilis.html [Accessed 14 Feb 2008] (2)http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/B/Bambusa_textilis.asp [Accessed 14 Feb 2008] (3)http://www.endangeredspecies.com/Plants/Bamboo/Text/Names/Descriptions/Ba/Bambusa/BT.htm [Accessed 14 Feb 2008]

4.10

(1)pH Range: 5.5 to 6.5 Soil Range: Sandy Loam to Clay Loam Water Range: Normal to Moist (2)Average well-drained soil

(1)http://www.backyardgardener.com/plantname/pda_c1c3.html [Accessed 19 Feb 2008] (2)Riffle, R. L. The Tropical Look: An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

4.11

(1)This is a medium-sized sympodial bamboo with culms up to 15 m tall, straight and smooth, diameter 3–5 cm, internode 35–60 cm, leaves lanceolate 9–25 x 1–2.5 cm; Little information on flowering and fruiting. Several cultivars and varieties recognized cv. Albostriata, var, glabra, var, gracilis. (2)As the species forms a sympodial rhizome, the culms grow in clusters (QUISHENG Z. et al., 2003).

(1)Rao, A.N., V. Ramanatha Rao, J.T. Williams, editors. 1998. Priority Species of Bamboo and Rattan. IPGRI-APO, Serdang, Malaysia. (2)QUISHENG Z., SHENXUE J., YONGYU T. 2003. Industrial utilisation on bamboo. Technical Report no. 26, International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR), Beijing, People’s Republic of China.

4.12

(1)A clumping bamboo - rhizomes will not run sideways.

(1)http://www.endangeredspecies.com/Plants/Bamboo/Text/Names/Descriptions/Ba/Bambusa/BT.htm [Accessed 14 Feb 2008]

5.01

Terrestrial

5.02

Poaceae

5.03

Poaceae

5.04

6.01

Unknown, but seed production apparently rare in native range (1)Mature caryopsis unknown.

(1)http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242307728 [Accessed 15 Feb 2008]

6.02

Apparently seed production is very rare. (1)In 1985 this variety was flowering both in Puerto Rico & China. In 1988 it flowered & went to seed at the USDA entry station at Sherman Gardens in Florida. 40% of the culms were in full flower, produced several hundred seedlings & then stopped producing seed & returned to their normal appearance with no die-back. (2)The formation of seeds takes 12-25 days in Bambusa textilis...Once the seeds are ripe they fall very easily. Fresh seeds have about 50-60% viability but this declines as the storage time increases. After one year seed viability is completely lost. In order to raise seedlings the seeds should be sown as soon as they are harvested.

(1)http://www.endangeredspecies.com/Plants/Bamboo/Text/Names/Descriptions/Ba/Bambusa/BT.htm [Accessed 14 Feb 2008] (2)Zhang, G. 2002. A Manual of Bamboo Hybridization. VSP BV, The Netherlands.

6.03

(1)Need attention, some hybrids produced crossing with Bambusa pervariabilis and Dendrocalamus latiflorus. Three botanical varieties identified, cv, ‘Albo striata’, var glabra, var. gracilis. (2)Research on bamboo breeding was started in China in the early 1970s. The Institute of Forestry Sciences in Guangdong Province has taken the lead in conducting experiments to improve thick-growing varieties of B. pervariabilis, Sinocalamus latiflorus, B. sino spinosa, D. beecheyanus, Bambusa textilis and scattered Ph. heterocycla var. pubescens through hybridization and has selected some promising hybrids...From the observations made, it is proposed, that Sinocalamus stenoauritus is a natural hybrid of B. textilis x D. latiflorus. The reasons are: [1] S. stenoauritus has thinner wall, smaller buds, a character of branching at higher level, small main branch; lateral branches with nearly same size, moderate sized leaves. All these morphological characters are very similiar to the artifically pollinated B. textilis x D. latiflorus hybrid No. 11. [2] It has a chromosome number 2n =68, that exactly equals the sum of the chromo-some number in the gametes of the two parents added together. [3] Pollen of S. stenoauritus are highly sterile, and nearly no seed setting (Same results in Lin’s paper (1980). This agrees with the fact that FI cross is sterile...Even though the chromosome number of B. pervariabilis, D. Iatiflorus and B. textilis is different from each other, they can be easily hybridized and have strong affinity to each other.

(1)Rao, A.N. and V. Ramanatha Rao, editors. 1998. Priority Species of Bamboo and Rattan. IPGRI-APO, Serdang, Malaysia. (2)Rao, A.N., G. Dhanarajan, C.B. Sastry. 1985. Recent Research on Bamboos. Proceedings of the International Bamboo Workshop. October 6-14, 1985 1985, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China. he Chinese Academy of Forestry, People’s Republic of China. International Development Research Centre, Canada

6.04

Unknown

6.05

Probably not, as most grasses are wind-pollinated.

6.06

(1)A clumping bamboo - rhizomes will not run sideways.

(1)http://www.endangeredspecies.com/Plants/Bamboo/Text/Names/Descriptions/Ba/Bambusa/BT.htm [Accessed 14 Feb 2008]

6.07

Probably greater than 4 year. (1)Bamboos do not flower and seed immediately on reaching sexual maturity and the length of time in flower is often very variable.

(1)Zhang, G. 2002. A Manual of Bamboo Hybridization. VSP BV, The Netherlands.

7.01

Propagules do not have any means of attachment.

7.02

(1)USES: Structural bamboo, light quality, largely used for making handicrafts and kitchen utensils, weaving splits, and land scaping, edible shoots of average quality, cultivar albostriata, general purpose furniture, edible shoots average quality, var glabra – structural timber, light quality, furniture medium quality, edible shoots average quality, var gracilis, structural timber, light quality, small diameter bamboo for furniture, edible shoots, average quality.

(1)Rao, A.N. and V. Ramanatha Rao, editors. 1998. Priority Species of Bamboo and Rattan. IPGRI-APO, Serdang, Malaysia.

7.03

Seed rarely, if ever, produced.

7.04

Probably wind dispersed seeds, but rarely produced.

7.05

Possible, if close to a water source. (1)Usually cultivated, riversides, around villages; low elevations. Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi.

(1)http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242307728 [Accessed 15 Feb 2008]

7.06

Without fleshy fruit.

7.07

No means of external attachment.

7.08

Unknown

8.01

Probably not, as seed production is very rare. (1)In 1985 this variety was flowering both in Puerto Rico & China. In 1988 it flowered & went to seed at the USDA entry station at Sherman Gardens in Florida. 40% of the culms were in full flower, produced several hundred seedlings & then stopped producing seed & returned to their normal appearance with no die-back. (2)The formation of seeds takes 12-25 days in Bambusa textilis...Once the seeds are ripe they fall very easily. Fresh seeds have about 50-60% viability but this declines as the storage time increases. After one year seed viability is completely lost. In order to raise seedlings the seeds should be sown as soon as they are harvested.

(1)http://www.endangeredspecies.com/Plants/Bamboo/Text/Names/Descriptions/Ba/Bambusa/BT.htm [Accessed 14 Feb 2008] (2)Zhang, G. 2002. A Manual of Bamboo Hybridization. VSP BV, The Netherlands.

8.02

(1)The formation of seeds takes 12-25 days in Bambusa textilis...Once the seeds are ripe they fall very easily. Fresh seeds have about 50-60% viability but this declines as the storage time increases. After one year seed viability is completely lost. In order to raise seedlings the seeds should be sown as soon as they are harvested.

(1)Zhang, G. 2002. A Manual of Bamboo Hybridization. VSP BV, The Netherlands.

8.03

No information on control.

8.04

Unknown

8.05

Unknown