Western Australia Department of Agriculture (AgWest) Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR) Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW) Global Compendium of Weeds
Phytolacca americana (Phytolaccaceae)

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Presented here is summary information about the species Phytolacca americana from the Global Compendium of Weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. Definitions of terms are available in the GCW introduction View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format. For further information--or to report corrections or concerns--contact webmaster@hear.org.

Synonyms/other Latin names: [ see GRIN ]

Status(es) (compiled for below "Data sources"): agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, naturalised, weed [for definitions, see the GCW introduction View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format.]

Origin (native to where): [no info]


Data sources:

20% of the species are Asteraceae, 6% are Poaceae, -

2006/115 Non-indigenous flora of the Azores Archipelago (PT) EPPO Reporting Service, NO. 5, PARIS, 2006-05-01 (naturalised)

ANEXO 1 - Espécies introduzidas em Portugal continental - (I) Invasoras. Legislaçao Nacional Decreto-Lei no. 565/99 de 21-12-1999 (Versao 1 Originária) Decreto-Lei565/9921-12-1999 Ministério do Ambiente Regula a introduçao na natureza de espécies nao indígenas da flora e fauna. Espécies nao indígenas da flora e da fauna 21-12-1999295 fauna, flora, animais domésticos, espécies de fauna ameaçadas, protecçao dos animais, vegetaçao Direito do Ambiente 1999-12-21 S (naturalised)

Alien Plants in Korea. National Institute of Environmental Research. NIER : nier.go.kr Director. Deok-Gil Rhee. July 2004. (naturalised)

Alien Species. On March 10, the Japanese Cabinet submitted the bill dealing with invasive alien species to the Diet. The Diet passed the bill without amendments and the Invasive Alien Species Act was promulgated as of June 2, 2004. List of alien species recognized to be established in Japan or found in the Japanese wild (as of October 27, 2004) [PDF] (naturalised)

Andersen, R.N. (1968). Germination and Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes. Weed Science Society of America Handbook. WSSA, Illinois. (weed)

Anon (1992). The Grower's Weed Identification Handbook by Family and by Aphabetical Listing. Publication 4030. - Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California. (agricultural weed)

Anon, (----). Species introduced in Continental Portugal [Espécies introduzidas em Portugal Continenta]. ICN - Instituto da Conservacao da Natureza. (naturalised)

Auld, B.A. and Medd, R.W. (1992) WEEDS, An illustrated botanical guide to the weeds of Australia. Inkata Press, Melbourne. (weed)

Balogh L, Dancza István, Királi G (2005) Actual list of neophytes in Hungary and their classification according to their success. In: Mihály B, Botta-Dukát Z (eds.), Biological invasions in Hungary, invasive plants, 61-92. Természet BUVAR Alapítvány Kiadó, Budapest. (agricultural weed, naturalised)

Bernard H. Zandstra (2003). Weed Control Guide for Vegetable Crops. MSU Extension Bulletin E-433 (Revised November 2002). Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University (agricultural weed)

BlackList, Grey List and Watch List established by the working group E. Weber et al. 22.02.2002 In 2001, a working group CPS/SKEW was initiated (directed by Dr. E. Weber, ETHZ), which has established lists of invasive neophytes for Switzerland.

Botond, M. & Zoltán, B.D.(eds.) (2004) Biological Invasions in Hungary. Invasive Plants. TermészetBUVAR Alapítvány Kiadó.

CALFLORA DATABASE Summaries of geographic distribution, habitat, and lifeform data for the approximately 8400 vascular plant taxa known to be native or naturalized in California, based on published literature as well as specific documented observations. (weed)

China Species Information Service. Invasive Aliens Species in China.

Dana, E.D., Sanz, M., Vivas, S. and Sobrino, E. (2005). Especies Vegetales Invasoras en Andalucía. Junta de Andalucía. (weed)

Darbyshire, S.J. (2003). Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Ottawa, Ontario. (agricultural weed)

Darrow, R.A. Erickson, L.C. Holstrum, J.T.Jnr., Miller, J.F., Scudder, W.F. and Williams, J.L. Jnr. (1966) Report of the Terminology Committee, Standardized Names of Weeds. WSSA (14), 346-386. Weed Science Society of America. (weed)

Essl, F. & Rabitsch, W. (eds.) (2002). Neobiota in Österreich. Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Wien. (cultivation escape, naturalised)

Fern, K. (1992-97). Plants for a Future. A resource centre for edible and other useful plants. The Field, Penpol, Lostwithiel, Cornwall, PL22 0NG, England. (naturalised)

Forman, Jennifer (2003). "The introduction of American plant species into Europe: issues and Consequences." pp. 17-39 in Plant Invasions: Ecological Threats and Management Solutions. Edited by L.E. Child, J.H. Brock, G. Brundu, K. Prach, P. Pysek, P.M. Wade, and M. Williamson. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands. [This is a draft list - please request a reprint from jennforman@knottybits.com to see the full article]

Hanf, M. (1983). The Arable Weeds of Europe, with their seedlings and seeds. BASF Aktiengesellschaft, D-6700 Ludwigshafen. Germany (agricultural weed)

Haragan, P.D. (1991). Weeds of Kentucky and Adjacent States - A Field Guide. The University Press of Kentucky. [Patricia Dalton Haragan]. (agricultural weed, weed)

Holm, L. G., Pancho, J. V., Herberger, J. P. and Plucknett, D. L. (1979). A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. John Wiley and Sons NewYork, USA (weed)

HortGuard and GrainGuard Initial Threat List Compilations (agricultural weed)

J.H.Kil, K.C.Shim, S.H.Park, K.S.Koh, M.H.Suh, Y.B.Ku, S.U.Suh, H.K.Oh, and H.Y.Kong (2004). Distributions of Naturalized Alien Plants in South Korea. Weed Technology. Vol 18. pp:1493-1495. [An Illustrated Internet Guide to Alien Plants in Korea (http://alienplant.nier.go.kr)] (naturalised) [ online info ]

John Hosking, NSW Department of Agriculture, Weed Database 30 April 2003 (naturalised)

Kern County Introduced (naturalised) Species - not all introduced species represented yet. Nature Alley, P.O. Box 153, Weldon, CA 93283. phone: (760) 378-2029. Copyright 1998-2005 by Nature Ali. (naturalised)

Kissman, K.G. & Groth, D. (1995). Plantas Infestantes e Nocivas. Vol 3 - 2nd Ed. BASF. (weed)

Landcare Research New Zealand (2001) Plant Names Database. (naturalised)

Li Yanghan (1998). Weeds of China. Beijing: Agriculture Press. 1617 pages + 8 plates. This book describes 106 families, 591 genera, 1380 species, 11 subspecies, 60 varied species. In Chinese with Latin name, English name and Chinese name index. (weed)

List of Mediterranean Weeds compiled by Sarah Brunel as part of the Medit Weeds Workshop June 2005. Chargée de mission "Plantes envahissantes" Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles 34 090 MONTPELLIER FRANCE

List of Pteridophtyes and Spermatophytes for the Canary Islands (Lista de Pterido y Spermatoe Indice) Presence or Absence is denoted on an island by island basis and introduced (naturalised) taxa are also denoted. 2002. Viceconsejería de Medio Ambiente. Gobierno de Canarias. (naturalised)

List of invasive species. The table hereafter lists invasive alien species which were recorded in Belgium. Those species are either in strong geographical expansion or are known to produce detrimental impacts on environment sensu lato. This list is under the responsiblity of members of the Belgian Forum on Invasive Species. It is not exhaustive and will be progressively completed. Species profiles including description, habitat preferences, detrimental impact and management information are currently in development. (naturalised)

Liu, J., Dong, M., Miao, S.L., Li, Z.Y., Song, M.H. & Wang, R.Q. (2006). Invasive alien plants in China: role of clonality and geographical origin. Biological Invasions 8: pp:1461-1470.

Lorenzi, H. (2000). Plantas daninhas do Brasil. Terrestres, Aquaticas, Parasitas e Toxicas. 3rd Edition. Instituto Plantarum De Estudos Da Flora Ltda (weed)

Massimo Ricciardi (2004) A SYNTHETIC OUTLINE OF THE FLORA OF CAPRI AND PATTERNS OF ITS CHANGES IN THE XX CENTURY. A Concerted Action funded by the 5th Framework Programme of the European Commission «Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development» ; Life time 2001 - 2004 Effects of Land Abandonment and Global Change on Plant and Animal Communities 11 - 13 October 2004, Villa Orlandi, Capri (AVEC) Integrated Assessment of Vulnerable Ecosystems under Global Change. (naturalised)

Morita, H. (1997). Handbook of Arable Weeds in Japan. Kumiai Chemical Company. (agricultural weed)

indígenas da flora e fauna. Espécies nao indígenas da flora e da fauna 21-12-1999295 fauna, flora, animais domésticos, espécies de fauna ameaçadas, protecçao dos animais, vegetaçao Direito do Ambiente 1999-12-21 S (naturalised)

Alien Plants in Korea. National Institute of Environmental Research. NIER : nier.go.kr Director. Deok-Gil Rhee. July 2004. (naturalised)

Alien Species. On March 10, the Japanese Cabinet submitted the bill dealing with invasive alien species to the Diet. The Diet passed the bill without amendments and the Invasive Alien Species Act was promulgated as of June 2, 2004. List of alien species recognized to be established in Japan or found in the Japanese wild (as of October 27, 2004) [PDF] (naturalised)

Andersen, R.N. (1968). Germination and Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes. Weed Science Society of America Handbook. WSSA, Illinois. (weed)

Anon (1992). The Grower's Weed Identification Handbook by Family and by Aphabetical Listing. Publication 4030. - Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California. (agricultural weed)

Anon, (----). Species introduced in Continental Portugal [Espécies introduzidas em Portugal Continenta]. ICN - Instituto da Conservacao da Natureza. (naturalised)

Auld, B.A. and Medd, R.W. (1992) WEEDS, An illustrated botanical guide to the weeds of Australia. Inkata Press, Melbourne. (weed)

Balogh L, Dancza István, Királi G (2005) Actual list of neophytes in Hungary and their classification according to their success. In: Mihály B, Botta-Dukát Z (eds.), Biological invasions in Hungary, invasive plants, 61-92. Természet BUVAR Alapítvány Kiadó, Budapest. (agricultural weed, naturalised)

Bernard H. Zandstra (2003). Weed Control Guide for Vegetable Crops. MSU Extension Bulletin E-433 (Revised November 2002). Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University (agricultural weed)

BlackList, Grey List and Watch List established by the working group E. Weber et al. 22.02.2002 In 2001, a working group CPS/SKEW was initiated (directed by Dr. E. Weber, ETHZ), which has established lists of invasive neophytes for Switzerland.

Botond, M. & Zoltán, B.D.(eds.) (2004) Biological Invasions in Hungary. Invasive Plants. TermészetBUVAR Alapítvány Kiadó.

CALFLORA DATABASE Summaries of geographic distribution, habitat, and lifeform data for the approximately 8400 vascular plant taxa known to be native or naturalized in California, based on published literature as well as specific documented observations. (weed)

China Species Information Service. Invasive Aliens Species in China.

Dana, E.D., Sanz, M., Vivas, S. and Sobrino, E. (2005). Especies Vegetales Invasoras en Andalucía. Junta de Andalucía. (weed)

Darbyshire, S.J. (2003). Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Ottawa, Ontario. (agricultural weed)

Darrow, R.A. Erickson, L.C. Holstrum, J.T.Jnr., Miller, J.F., Scudder, W.F. and Williams, J.L. Jnr. (1966) Report of the Terminology Committee, Standardized Names of Weeds. WSSA (14), 346-386. Weed Science Society of America. (weed)

Essl, F. & Rabitsch, W. (eds.) (2002). Neobiota in Österreich. Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Wien. (cultivation escape, naturalised)

Fern, K. (1992-97). Plants for a Future. A resource centre for edible and other useful plants. The Field, Penpol, Lostwithiel, Cornwall, PL22 0NG, England. (naturalised)

Forman, Jennifer (2003). "The introduction of American plant species into Europe: issues and Consequences." pp. 17-39 in Plant Invasions: Ecological Threats and Management Solutions. Edited by L.E. Child, J.H. Brock, G. Brundu, K. Prach, P. Pysek, P.M. Wade, and M. Williamson. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands. [This is a draft list - please request a reprint from jennforman@knottybits.com to see the full article]

Hanf, M. (1983). The Arable Weeds of Europe, with their seedlings and seeds. BASF Aktiengesellschaft, D-6700 Ludwigshafen. Germany (agricultural weed)

Haragan, P.D. (1991). Weeds of Kentucky and Adjacent States - A Field Guide. The University Press of Kentucky. [Patricia Dalton Haragan]. (agricultural weed, weed)

Holm, L. G., Pancho, J. V., Herberger, J. P. and Plucknett, D. L. (1979). A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. John Wiley and Sons NewYork, USA (weed)
Zhang, Z.P. & Hirota, S. (Eds) (2000). Chinese Colored Weed Illustrated Book. Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R.China, and the Japan Association For Advancement of Phyto-Regulators. (weed)



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This page was created on 13 September 2007 by PT, and was last updated on 04 October 2007 by PT based on data from Rod Randall's Global Compendium of Weeds database dated 24 January 2007. Valid HTML 4.01!