Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)

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Ludwigia octovalvis
(Jacq.) P.H.Raven, Onagraceae
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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Jussiaea erecta sensu various authors; Jussiaea suffruticosa L.

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: mao cao long

Chuukese: éwúnenipwin, aieö, aieo, areripuin, aunenipuin, coiro, eeo, likeinenpal, yeeyo

English: Jamaica loostrife, Mexican primrose-willow, false primrose, narrow-leaf water-primrose, primrose willow, seedbox, swamp primrose, water primrose, wild clove, willow primrose, yellow willow herb

French: faux primerose, gandia narron, herbe bourrique, herbe la mare

Hawaiian: alohalua, kāmole, kāmole lau li‘i, kāmole lau nui

I-Kiribati: te mam

Japanese: kidachikinbai

Kwara‘ae: mamafu‘ai

Mangarevan: kowai repataro

Maori (Cook Islands): pītōrea, pitōrea, pulūmu, tīemu, tiēmu

Marshallese: utilolôb, utilolõb, wut i lurlep

Palauan: erur

Pohnpeian: deleurak, teleurak, telurik

Pukapukan: pulūmu

Samoan: fua samasama, la‘avai, mautofu vao, vao malo

Spanish: calavo cimmaron, cangá, clavo silvestre, flor de clavo

Tahitian: pītōrea, ra‘au papa‘a, torea

Tongan: loa ano

Tuvaluan: losa sulu

Yapese: mathey, meseii

Habit:  herb

Description:  "An erect, stout, well-branched, robust herb of damp or flooded areas, may be woody at the base and shrubby at times, to 4 m, annual or perennial, with long stiff hairs sometimes appressed and oriented in one direction; stems may be red-brown and lignified at base; leaves alternate, light green, may turn red upon aging, narrowly lanceolate to ovate, up to 15 cm long, 4 to 40 mm wide, densely pubescent both sides, attenuate at base and apex, 12 to 22 veins each side of midrib, short petiole; sepals 4, ovate or lanceolate, 8 to 13 mm long by 1 to 7.5 mm wide; flowers solitary in axils of leaves and at terminals; petals 4, pale to bright yellow, 1 to 2 long and 4 to 17 mm wide, broadly ovate and may be emarginate at apex; sepals 4, 8, to 15 cm; stamens 8, filaments 1 to 4 mm long; anthers 1 to 4 mm long, white, hairy, sunken nectary surrounding base of each epipetalous (and shorter) stamen; style 1.5 to 3.5 mm long with stigma subglobulose and shallowly 4-lobed; fruit a thin-walled, 4-angled, narrowly cylindrical, 8-ribbed capsule, 3 to 5 cm long, 2 to 8 mm in diameter, pubescent, irregularly loculicidal, terminated by persistent calyx lobes, color by vary from green to pale or reddish brown, or purplish, pedicel up to 1 cm; seeds rounded, beaked, in several indistinct rows in each locule, free, each with inflated raphe equal in size to body of seed, 0.6 to 0.75 mm in size, brown.  L. octovalvis differs from L. adscendens by its more erect habit and larger, lanceolate leaves that are somewhat acute"  (Holm et al., 1997; pp. 446, 448).

"Branching herb 1-2 (-4) m tall, subglabrous or faintly puberulent; leaves linear to narrowly ovate, to 14 cm long and 4 cm wide, acuminate or acute, cuneate at base; lateral nerves 11-20 pairs; petioles to 1 cm long; sepals 4, up to 1.5 cm long, ovate-lanceolate; petals 4, yellow, obovate, to 1.5 cm long; stamens 8, unequal, 1-4 mm (excl. anthers); capsule 1.7-4.5 cm long, 2-8 mm thick, 8-ribbed; seeds all alike 0.6-0.75 mm long"  (Stone, 1970; p. 457).

Habitat/ecology:  "It frequents a very wide range of humid, wet places and is found in marshes, fresh water lakes and streams, ditch banks of all kinds, along railroads, and on gravelly riverbeds and sandy or silty flood banks.  It is found in paddy rice over much of the world and grows in damp, occasionally flooded grasslands.  It may be seen on floating logs and it helps to colonize floating islands in lakes.  It is found at sea level, up to 1000 m in the Celebes and in Indonesia, and up to 1400 m in New Guinea" (Holm et al., 1997; p. 448).

Moist locations up to 1500 m (Stone, 1970; p. 457).  In Hawai‘i, "naturalized in ponds, along streams and ditches, and in wet forest, 0-1,050 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 998).  In Fiji, from near sea level to 800 m, often as an abundant weed in coconut plantations, canefields, ricefields, pastures and along roadsides (Smith, 1985; pp. 379-381).  "Common in waste places and croplands, particularly in wet soil" (Whistler, 1988; p. 31). In New Guinea, "a plant of wet places; streamsides, ditches, and often a weed of pastures. From low altitudes to about 2000 m" (Henty & Pritchard, 1975; p. 130); "in humid cultivated or disturbed land, grassland and near water.  It is widespread in the lowlands and up to c. 3000 m altitude"  (Conn, 1995; p. 210).

Propagation:  "Reproduces by seed and may also occupy new areas by sending out runners and rhizomes" (Holm et al., 1997; p. 448).  "The seed is buoyant and may be dispersed by water" (Henty & Pritchard, 1975; p. 130).

Native range:  Pantropical, perhaps an early introduction to Hawai‘i and other Pacific islands. Fosberg et al. (1979; p. 195) list as native to Micronesia.

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
American Samoa
Manu‘a Islands
Ofu Island   Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 161)
American Samoa
Manu‘a Islands
Olosega Island   Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 161)
American Samoa
Manu‘a Islands
Olosega Island   Whistler, W. A. (1990)
Voucher cited: Garber 1091
American Samoa
Manu‘a Islands
Ta‘u Island   Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 161)
American Samoa
Manu‘a Islands
Ta‘u Island   Whistler, W. A. (1990)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 9294
American Samoa
Swain's Island
Swain's Island introduced
invasive
Whistler, W. A. (1983) (p. 13)
Vouchers cited: Whistler 3415, Bryan 927, Diefenderfer 10
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands
Aunu‘u Island   Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 161)
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands
Tutuila Island   Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 94)
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands
Tutuila Island   Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 161)
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands
Tutuila Island   Anon. (1988) (p. 2)
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands
Tutuila Island introduced
invasive
Setchell, William Albert (1924) (p. 61)
As Jussieua erecta L.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands
Rota Island native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands
Tinian Island native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan
Saipan Island native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands
Nassau Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands
Pukapuka Atoll   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands
Rakahanga Atoll   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Aitutaki Atoll   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
‘Atiu Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Mangaia Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Ma‘uke Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Miti‘aro Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Palmerston (Avarau) Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Rarotonga Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands
Dublon (Tonowas) Island native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands
Losap Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands
Lukunor (Núkúnooch) Atoll [xxx] native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands
Murilo (Mwiriné) Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands
Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands
Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll   Marshall, Mae/Fosberg, F. R. (1975) (p. 42)
Voucher cited: Marshall 80 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands
Namonuito (Namonweito, Nómwun Wiité) Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands
Nomwin (Nómwiin) Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands
Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll native
Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 54)
Voucher cited: Manner & Mallon 136 (GUAM)
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands
Satawan Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands
Tol Island native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands
Ulalu (Romonum) Island   Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands
Weno (Moen) Island native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island
Kosrae Island native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island
Kosrae Island native
Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2010) (p. 21)
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island
Kosrae Island introduced
invasive
Josekutty, P. C./Wakuk, E. E./Joseph, M. J. (2002) (p. 63)
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island
Kosrae Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1996) (voucher ID: PTBG 24872)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands
Ant Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands
Kapingamarangi Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands
Mokil (Mwokil) Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands
Pingelap Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands
Pohnpei Island native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands
Pohnpei Island   Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 58)
Vouchers cited: Glassman 2422 (US), Kanehira 689 (NY)
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands
Pohnpei Island native
Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 119)
Vouchers cited: M.J. Balick 4120 (NY, PTBG), A. Dores 86 (BISH, NY, PBG), A. Dores 149 (BISH, NY, PTBG), F.R. Fosberg 26267 (BISH), F.R. Fosberg 26252 (BISH), F.R. Fosberg 26101 (BISH), R. Gallen 2 (NY, PTBG), S.F. Glassman 2422 (BISH), E.Y. Hosaka 3490 (BISH), W.A. Niering 568 (BISH), P. Raynor 2 (NY, PTBG), P. Raynor 138 (NY, PTBG), F. Sohl 26 (NY, PTBG), L. Stemmermann 3438 (BISH), M. Takamatsu 887 (BISH)
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands
Pohnpei Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1978) (voucher ID: PTBG 23770)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands
Pohnpei Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (year unknown) (voucher ID: PTBG 38934)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands
Pohnpei Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2000) (voucher ID: PTBG 43414)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands
Pohnpei Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 46137)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands
Pohnpei Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 49032)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands
Pohnpei Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2004) (voucher ID: PTBG 43476)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands
Faraulep (Faraulap) Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands
Ifalik (Ifaluk) Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands
Lamotrek Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands
Ulithi Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands
Woleai Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands
Yap (Waqab) Island native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Lakemba Island introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 379-381)
Voucher cited: ssp. sessiliflora: Garnock-Jones 925
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Ovalau Island introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 379-381)
Voucher cited: ssp. octovalvis: Smith 7494
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Taveuni Island introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 379-381)
Vouchers cited: ssp. octovalvis: DA 8896; ssp. sessiliflora: DA 8896
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Vanua Levu Island introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 379-381)
Vouchers cited: ssp. octovalvis: DA 1097, DA 1105, Smith 6884,Greenwood 587, DA 11775
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Vanua Mbalavu Island introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 379-381)
Voucher cited: ssp. sessiliflora: Smith 1406
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Viti Levu Island introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 379-381)
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands
Akamaru Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: B. Huguenin s.n. (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands
Akamaru Island introduced
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 21)
Voucher cited: St. John 14691 (BISH)
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands
Mangareva (Gambier) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: B. Huguenin s.n. (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands
Mangareva (Gambier) Island introduced
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 21)
Voucher cited: St. John 14479 (BISH)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Eiao Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence & M. Teikiteetini 9377 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Fatu Hiva Island native
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Fatu Hiva Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: J. Florence 7411 (PAP), J. Florence, D.H. Lorence & W.L. Wagner 9553 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Hiva Oa Island native
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Hiva Oa Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Hiva Oa Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1975) (voucher ID: PTBG 8774)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island native
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island native
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 4208 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island native
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island native
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island native
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 4439 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Huahine Island introduced
invasive
abo. intro.
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (pp. 209-210)
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Huahine Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: J. Florence & R. Tahuaitu 11660 (PAP), D. Baré 84 (PAP), F.R. Fosberg 61151 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Maupiti (Maurua) Island introduced
invasive
abo. intro.
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (pp. 53-54)
Vouchers cited: Fosberg 64756 (US), Fosberg & Sachet 64963 (US)
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Maupiti (Maurua) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: F.R. Fosberg & M.-H. Sachet 64963 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Moorea Island introduced
invasive
abo. intro.
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (pp. 209-210)
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Moorea Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 2099 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Raiatea (Havai) Island introduced
invasive
abo. intro.
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (pp. 209-210)
Vouchers cited: Moore 39, BRY 25370
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Raiatea (Havai) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: J. Florence 3683 (PAP), J. Florence 3814 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Taha‘a Island introduced
invasive
abo. intro.
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (pp. 209-210)
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Taha‘a Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florenec 5244 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Tahiti Island introduced
invasive
abo. intro.
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (pp. 209-210)
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Tahiti Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: J. Florence 3167 (PAP), J. Florence 3933 (PAP), P. Birnbaum 43 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Tahiti Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1981) (voucher ID: PTBG 38205)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P. H. Raven
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Tahiti Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1981) (voucher ID: PTBG 38202)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P. H. Raven ssp. subsp. octovalis
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Tupai Island introduced
invasive
abo. intro.
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (pp. 209-210)
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Tupai Island introduced
invasive
Sachet, M.-H. (1983) (p. 21)
Voucher cited: Sachet 1986 (US)
French Polynesia
Tuamotu Archipelago
Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 3078 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Tuamotu Archipelago
Niau Atoll introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 10096 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Tuamotu Archipelago
Tikehau (Tikahau) Atoll introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 7027 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands
Raivavae (Raevavae) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: J. Florence 5727 (PAP), J. Florence & W.R. Sykes 11221 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands
Rimatara (Rimitara) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands
Rurutu Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 5920 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands
Tubuai Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
Guam
Guam Island
Guam Island introduced
invasive
Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 457)
Vouchers cited: Stone 4925 (GUAM), Stone 5022 (GUAM), Moore 178
Guam
Guam Island
Guam Island native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Hawai‘i (Big) Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 998)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Kaua‘i Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 998)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Lāna‘i Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 998)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Maui Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 998)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Moloka‘i Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 998)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
O‘ahu Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 998)
Japan (offshore islands)
Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands introduced
Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)
Subsp. octovalvis
Kiribati
Line Islands
Teraina (Washington) Island native
Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 28)
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Abemama Atoll introduced
invasive
abo. intro.
Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 76)
Voucher: Imada 2003-157 (BISH 697768)
Naturalized
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Butaritari Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Butaritari Atoll introduced
invasive
abo. intro.
Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 77)
Naturalized
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Butaritari Atoll   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1972) (voucher ID: PTBG 32536)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Onotoa Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Onotoa Atoll   Moul, Edwin T. (1957) (p. 18)
Voucher cited: Moul 8209 (US)
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Tarawa Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Tarawa Atoll introduced
invasive
abo. intro.
Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 74)
Naturalized
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain
Ebon (Epoon) Atoll   Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain
Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain
Kili (Kõle) Atoll probably native
Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 31)
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain
Kili (Kõle) Atoll probably introduced
invasive
abo. intro.
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2006) (p. 10)
"Common to locally abundant; in ruderal and some disturbed wetland areas, sometimes becoming dominant".
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain
Arno Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain
Arno Atoll   Anderson, Donald (1951) (p. iv)
Voucher cited: Anderson 3629
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain
Arno Atoll introduced
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2007) (p. 10)
"Rare; only observed in taro patch near B&B, possibly present though in other wetland areas of other islands".
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain
Likiep Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain
Likiep Atoll possibly introduced
invasive
Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 16)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 33853 (US)
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain
Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain
Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll introduced
invasive
Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 113)
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain
Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll introduced
invasive
St. John, Harold (1951) (p. 284)
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain
Maloelap Atoll   Imada, Clyde (2006)
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain
Mili (Mile) Atoll introduced
invasive
abo. intro.
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2010) (p. A19)
Occasional; wet areas, including old bomb holes, Mili.
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain
Wotje (Wõjjã) Atoll   Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2009) (p. 1)
Voucher cited: Vander Velde 0513200913
Nauru
Nauru Island
Nauru Island introduced
invasive
Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 178)
Voucher cited: Scully 150 (US)
New Caledonia
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Islands   Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 94)
New Caledonia
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Islands native
Jaffré, T./Morat, P./Veillon, J-M./Rigault, F./Dagostini, G. (2001) (p. 77)
Palau
Hatohobei Group
Tobi Island   Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Angaur (Ngeaur) Island native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Angaur (Ngeaur) Island   Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1970) (voucher ID: BNM 584)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Babeldaob Island native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Babeldaob Island native
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 102)
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Babeldaob Island   Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1981) (voucher ID: BNM 3044)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Koror (Oreor) Island native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Koror (Oreor) Island native
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 98)
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Koror (Oreor) Island   Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1967) (voucher ID: BNM 586)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Koror (Oreor) Island   Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1968) (voucher ID: BNM 99999998)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis L.
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Malakal (Ngemelachel) Island native
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 98)
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Ngerkebesang Island native
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 195)
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Ngerkebesang Island native
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 98)
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Peleliu (Beliliou) Island native
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 106)
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Peleliu (Beliliou) Island   Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1968) (voucher ID: BNM 583)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven
Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago
Bismarck Archipelago   Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 419)
Scattered at roadsides and bush margins, abundant on wet soil; common at Ugana.
Papua New Guinea
Bougainville Islands
Bougainville Island   Foreman, D. B. (1971) (p. 52)
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) introduced
invasive
Henty, E. E./Pritchard, G. H. (1975) (p. 130)
From low altitudes to about 2000 m.
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) native
Conn, Barry J., ed. (1995) (p. 210)
Philippines
Philippine Islands
Philippine Islands native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands
Upolu Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 308)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands
Western Samoa Islands   Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 31)
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands   Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 94)
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands native
Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 87)
Tokelau
Tokelau Islands
Tokelau Islands   Waterhouse, D. F. (1997) (p. 63)
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
‘Eua Island native
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 206)
As Jussiaea erecta L. but probably this species.
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island   Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 53)
Voucher cited: Ilolahia 115
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island native
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 206)
As Jussiaea erecta L. but probably this species.
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2001) (voucher ID: PTBG 244)
Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia octovalvis
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands
Nui Atoll   Woodroffe, C. D. (1985) (p. 14)
Voucher cited: Woodroffe 148 (CHR)
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands
Tuvalu Islands   Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 94)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Palmyra Atoll
Palmyra Atoll native
Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 28)
Vanuatu
New Hebrides Islands
Vanuatu (Republic of)   Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 94)
Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands
Wallis (‘Uvea) Island introduced
cultivated
Meyer, Jean-Yves (2007) (p. 36)
Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands
Wallis and Futuna Islands   Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 31)
Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
Australia
Australia (continental)
New South Wales native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Australia
Australia (continental)
Australia (continental) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Western Australia
Australia
Australia (continental)
Northern Territory native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Australia
Australia (continental)
Queensland native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Cambodia
Cambodia
Cambodia (Kingdom of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim)
Costa Rica (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim)
El Salvador (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim)
Guatemala (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim)
Honduras (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim)
Nicaragua (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim)
Panama (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
China
China
China (People's Republic of) native
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Moist to wet places along streams, ponds, or lakes, often on disturbed and/or cultivated sites, common and widespread; near sea level to 2200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, E Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
China
China
Hong Kong native
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 165)
Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Japan
Japan
Japan   Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 449)
Japan
Japan
Japan introduced
Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 186)
Malaysia
Malaysia
Malaysia (country of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico (United Mexican States) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Singapore
Singapore
Singapore (Republic of) native
Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 66, 78)
Singapore
Singapore
Singapore (Republic of) uncertain if introduced
invasive
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 57)
Weed of uncertain origin
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim)
Colombia native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim)
Ecuador (Republic of) (continental) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim)
Perú (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Taiwan
Taiwan Island
Taiwan Island native
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Moist to wet places along streams, ponds, or lakes, often on disturbed and/or cultivated sites, common and widespread; near sea level to 2200 m.
Taiwan
Taiwan Island
Taiwan Island native
Ching-I Peng, ed. (2013)
"In moist places as about streams, swamps, ponds, and lakes at low elevations".
Thailand
Thailand
Thailand (Kingdom of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island
La Réunion Island uncertain if native
Lavergne, Christophe (2006)
"Envahissant (indigène?)"
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island
La Réunion Island introduced
invasive
Baret, Stephane/Strasberg, Dominique (2005) (p. 329)
Mauritius
Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)
Mauritius Island native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands
Cousin Island introduced
invasive
Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 30)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 52116 (US)
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands
Seychelles Islands native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands
Seychelles Islands introduced
Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017)
Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states)
United States (other states) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states)
USA (Florida) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Ludwigia octovalvis, please let us know.


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This page was created on 26 JUL 2002 and was last updated on 5 DEC 2010.