Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don, Bignoniaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Low risk (based on second screen), score: 1 (Go to the risk assessment)

Other Latin names:  Jacaranda chelonia Griseb.; Jacaranda ovalifolia R. Br.

Common name(s): [more details]

English: black poui, jacaranda

French: flamboyant bleu

Spanish: acacia celeste, jacaranda

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Trees 5-15 m tall.  Leaves bipinnately compound with 13-31 pinnae, each with 13-41 sessile leaflets, these 0.3-1.2 cm long, 0.1-0.4 cm wide, glabrous or slightly puberulent along the midrib and margins.  Flowers in open, terminal panicles, the branches puberulent, calyx reduced, broadly campanulate, 5-toothed, the teeth ca 1 mm long; corolla purplish blue, the tube white within, 2.4-5.2 cm long, 0.7-1.2 cm wide at the mouth, pubescent externally and within at the level of the stamens.  Capsules drying reddish brown, compressed-orbicular, 3.2-5.8 cm long, apex often shallowly emarginate, base truncate to subcordate.  Seeds 0.9-1.2 cm long, the wing more or less surrounding the seed body."  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 387)

"Tree to 15 m high"; leaves 15-40 cm long, the pinnae on each side of midrib 10-23, the leaflets numerous, the blades oblong, 5-10 x 2-3.5 mm; panicles lax, to 30 cm long, the flowers abundant; calyx to 2.5 mm long, the lobes less than 1 mm long; corolla 3-4 cm long, blue-lavender to purple, paler in throat; capsule suborbicular, 4.5-6 cm broad"  (Smith, 1991; p. 146).

Habitat/ecology:  "Bushland, grassland, wooded ravines and riverbanks.  A fast growing tree that resprouts easily if damaged.  The spreading growth habit and the dense foliage shade out native plants and prevent their regeneration.  Little is known on the ecology of this species"  (Weber, 2003; p. 219).

In Hawai‘i, a popular ornamental now naturalized in relatively dry to mesic areas (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 387).

Propagation:  Wind-dispersed seed.

Native range:  Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay; also cultivated and naturalized (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive cultivated	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced cultivated	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (pp. 487, 533, 554) "Este árbol muy utilizado de forma ornamental bajo clima subtropical fue plantado hace pocos años en un jardin del pueblo de San Juan Bautista donde parece crecer correctamente.  Hay que esperar que esta magnifica planta no presenta un peligro cualquiera para la flora nativa".
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island	cultivated	Sykes, Bill (year unknown)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) San Cristóbal Group	San Cristóbal Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 146)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 2815 (PAP) Cultivée. Rare à Tahiti.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 62)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 387)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	introduced invasive	Oppenheimer, Hank (2008) (pp. 24-25) Voucher cited: Oppenheimer, Perlman & Tangalin H10709 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 387)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 387)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced cultivated	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (pp. 104-105) Single tree planted as an ornamental.
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 22) Vouchers cited: Sarlin 252, Blanchon 1615 (NOU), MacKee 15303
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 43)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 81)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	introduced cultivated	Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 444) Occasionally cultivated for ornamental purposes.
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	introduced cultivated	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 84)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013) Naturalised
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	Queensland Herbarium (2002) (p. 4)
China China	Hong Kong	introduced cultivated	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (pp. 256-257) Ornamental.

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island	La Réunion Island	introduced cultivated	Lavergne, Christophe (2006) "Cultivé/subspontané"
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Seychelles Islands	introduced	Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017)

Comments:  "Jacaranda is a significant and successful invader in the northern and eastern parts of South Africa in savanna, riparian woodland and forests in sheltered situations.  The current rough estimate is that is has invaded about 1.8 million ha, mainly at very low densities." (David C. Le Maitre, communication to Aliens listserver)

Invasive in southeastern Queensland, Australia, but not yet a serious problem (Rachel McFadyen, communication to Aliens listserver).

Control: 

Physical:  Hand pull or dig out seedlings and young trees.

Chemical:  Cut large plants and treat the stumps with herbicide (Weber, 2003; p. 219).