D.Don, Bignoniaceae |
|
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Risk assessment results: Low risk (based on second screen), score: 1 (Go to the risk assessment)
Other Latin names: Jacaranda chelonia Griseb.; Jacaranda ovalifolia R. Br.
Common name(s): [more details]
English: black poui, jacaranda |
French: flamboyant bleu |
Spanish: acacia celeste, jacaranda |
Habit: tree
Description: "Trees 5-15 m tall. Leaves bipinnately compound with 13-31 pinnae, each with 13-41 sessile leaflets, these 0.3-1.2 cm long, 0.1-0.4 cm wide, glabrous or slightly puberulent along the midrib and margins. Flowers in open, terminal panicles, the branches puberulent, calyx reduced, broadly campanulate, 5-toothed, the teeth ca 1 mm long; corolla purplish blue, the tube white within, 2.4-5.2 cm long, 0.7-1.2 cm wide at the mouth, pubescent externally and within at the level of the stamens. Capsules drying reddish brown, compressed-orbicular, 3.2-5.8 cm long, apex often shallowly emarginate, base truncate to subcordate. Seeds 0.9-1.2 cm long, the wing more or less surrounding the seed body." (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 387)
"Tree to 15 m high"; leaves 15-40 cm long, the pinnae on each side of midrib 10-23, the leaflets numerous, the blades oblong, 5-10 x 2-3.5 mm; panicles lax, to 30 cm long, the flowers abundant; calyx to 2.5 mm long, the lobes less than 1 mm long; corolla 3-4 cm long, blue-lavender to purple, paler in throat; capsule suborbicular, 4.5-6 cm broad" (Smith, 1991; p. 146).
Habitat/ecology: "Bushland, grassland, wooded ravines and riverbanks. A fast growing tree that resprouts easily if damaged. The spreading growth habit and the dense foliage shade out native plants and prevent their regeneration. Little is known on the ecology of this species" (Weber, 2003; p. 219).
In Hawaii, a popular ornamental now naturalized in relatively dry to mesic areas (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 387).
Propagation: Wind-dispersed seed.
Native range: Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay; also cultivated and naturalized (GRIN).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
cultivated |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (pp. 487, 533, 554)
"Este árbol muy utilizado de forma ornamental bajo clima subtropical fue plantado hace pocos años en un jardin del pueblo de San Juan Bautista donde parece crecer correctamente. Hay que esperar que esta magnifica planta no presenta un peligro cualquiera para la flora nativa". |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
cultivated
|
Sykes, Bill (year unknown) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
San Cristóbal Group |
San Cristóbal Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Santa Cruz Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 146) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 2815 (PAP) Cultivée. Rare à Tahiti. |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
|
Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 62) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 387) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Lānai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Oppenheimer, Hank (2008) (pp. 24-25)
Voucher cited: Oppenheimer, Perlman & Tangalin H10709 (BISH, PTBG) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 387) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 387) |
Nauru
Nauru Island |
Nauru Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (pp. 104-105)
Single tree planted as an ornamental. |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
cultivated |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 22)
Vouchers cited: Sarlin 252, Blanchon 1615 (NOU), MacKee 15303 |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 43) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 81) |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
introduced
cultivated |
Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 444)
Occasionally cultivated for ornamental purposes. |
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands |
introduced
cultivated |
Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 84) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
New South Wales |
introduced
invasive |
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
Naturalised |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
introduced
invasive |
Queensland Herbarium (2002) (p. 4) |
China
China |
Hong Kong |
introduced
cultivated |
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (pp. 256-257)
Ornamental. |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Lavergne, Christophe (2006)
"Cultivé/subspontané" |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Seychelles Islands |
introduced
|
Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017) |
Comments: "Jacaranda is a significant and successful invader in the northern and eastern parts of South Africa in savanna, riparian woodland and forests in sheltered situations. The current rough estimate is that is has invaded about 1.8 million ha, mainly at very low densities." (David C. Le Maitre, communication to Aliens listserver)
Invasive in southeastern Queensland, Australia, but not yet a serious problem (Rachel McFadyen, communication to Aliens listserver).
Control:
Physical: Hand pull or dig out seedlings and young trees.
Chemical: Cut large plants and treat the stumps with herbicide (Weber, 2003; p. 219).