L., Bignoniaceae |
|
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Risk assessment results: Low risk, score: -8 (Go to the risk assessment)
Common name(s): [more details]
English: calabash, calabash tree, gourd tree, hue tree |
French: calebassier |
Hawaiian: laamia |
Maori (Cook Islands): ue, kumete |
Samoan: fagu |
Spanish: botote, botote pilche, calabacero, calabasa, crescencia, guacal, mate, morro |
Tahitian: hue tumu raau |
Habit: tree
Description: "Tree to 10 m tall and 30 cm diameter breast height, the branches usually crooked, the crown open; branchlets mostly lacking, smaller branches thick, subterete, with alternate short-shoot projections each bearing a fascicle of leaves from its center. Leaves of various sizes within each fascicle, simple, obovate, the tip obtuse to acute, the base attenuate, petiole lacking, 3.4-26 cm long and 1.0-7.6 cm wide, chartaceous to rigid-chartaceous, secondary veins 5-14 on a side, the midvein raised above; lepidote above and beneath, otherwise glabrous above, beneath glabrous or pubescent along midvein with simple and forked trichomes, plate-shaped glands at base of blade beneath, drying grayish-olive. Inflorescence one or two cauliflorous flowers borne on larger branches or trunk, the pedicels lipidote, 1.5 cm long. Flowers with a musty odour, calyx bilabiately split to the base, each lobe 1.8-2.6 cm long and 1.3-2.4 cm wide, mostly glabrous with plate-shaped glands on the upper half of lobes, slightly lepidote at base; corolla off-white to yellowish with purplish venation on the lobes and purplish lines on the tube outside, tubular with a transverse fold midway across the lower side of the throat, fleshy, 4.1-7.4 cm long and 3.1-4.5 cm wide at mouth of the tube, the tube 2.8-4.5 cm long, the lobes triangular with the apex extended as a narrow point, 2.5-3.1 cm long, sparsely lepidote or stalked-lepidote on the tube outside and near the mouth of tube inside, more densely so at the level of stamen insertion, papillate-glandular on the lobes outside and sparsely so inside; stamens subexserted, the anther thecae thick, partially divergent, 5-8 mm long and 2.5-3.5 mm wide, the anterior filaments 2.8-3.2 cm long and inserted 6-11 mm from the base of the tube, the posterior filaments 2.8-3.3 cm long, inserted 7-15 mm from base of tube, the staminode 1-3 mm long, inserted 5-11 mm from base of tube; pistil 4.0-4.9 cm long, the ovary rounded conical, 5-7 mm long and 4-7 mm wide, 3-6 mm thick, lepidote, the ovules multi-seriate on 4 placentae; disc annular-pulvinate, 3-4 mm long and 8-11 wide. Fruit a pepo or calabash, spherical to ovoid-ellipsoid, 13-20 cm in diameter, to 30 cm long, the thin hard shell smooth, lepidote-punctate; seeds small, thin, wingless, 7-8 mm long and 4-6 mm wide, scattered through the pulp of the fruit" (Gentry, 1977; pp. 55-56).
Habitat/ecology: In Fiji, "cultivated in gardens and locally naturalized in coconut plantations at elevations up to about 100 m" (Smith, 1991; pp. 142-143).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: "Native range obscure, probably northern Central America" (Gentry, 1977; pp. 55-56).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
introduced
cultivated |
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Española Group |
Española Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Isabela Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
San Cristóbal Group |
San Cristóbal Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Santa Cruz Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Vanua Levu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 142-143)
Voucher cited: DA 17180 Naturalized |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 142-143)
Vouchers cited: Greenwood 777, MacDaniels 1128 Naturalized |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Cultivée |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 23)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 11105 (BISH) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Cultivée |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Cultivée |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 41033)
Taxon name on voucher: Crescentia cujete |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Maupiti (Maurua) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 62)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 64932 (US) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 49)
Vouchers cited: Moore 383, BRY 26108 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 2383 (PAP) Ornementale assez commune. |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rurutu Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Cultivée |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
|
Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 62) |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
cultivated |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 22)
Vouchers cited: Barrau s.n., MacKee 11898, MacKee 22015 |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 251) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim (2010) (p. 23) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1974) (voucher ID: BNM 10061)
Taxon name on voucher: Crescentia cujete L. |
|
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1966) (voucher ID: BNM 200)
Taxon name on voucher: Crescentia cujete L. |
|
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1966) (voucher ID: BNM 201)
Taxon name on voucher: Crescentia cujete L. |
|
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
introduced
cultivated |
Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 447)
Occasionally cultivated for ornamental purposes. |
Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands |
Wallis (Uvea) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Meyer, Jean-Yves (2007) (p. 31) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Costa Rica (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
El Salvador (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Guatemala (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Honduras (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Nicaragua (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Panama (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Mexico
Mexico |
Mexico (United Mexican States) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) |
introduced
cultivated |
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 29)
Cultivated only |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Colombia |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Ecuador (Republic of) (continental) |
native
cultivated |
Gentry, Alwyn H. (1977) (p. 56) |
Control: If you know of control methods for Crescentia cujete, please let us know.