Poaceae
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Poaceae |
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Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Other Latin names: Cenchrus inflexus R. Br.; Cenchrus viridis Spreng.
Common name(s): [more details]
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English: Brown's burgrass, Brown's sandbur, fine-bristle bur grass, fine-bristle sandbur, green sandbur, sandbur, slim-bristle sandbur |
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Nauruan: eakung, iyakong |
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Samoan: mumuta |
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Satawalese: alū |
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Spanish: abrojo, cadillo bobo, cadillo carreton blanco, garretón blanco, guizazo, mozotillo |
Habit: grass
Description: "Erect to straggling grass, 15-60 cm tall; culm bases sometimes decumbent and rooting at the nodes. Leaves scattered along culms; lamina 5-35 cm long, 5-12 mm wide; sheath keeled, 6-12 cm long. Inflorescence 3-12 cm long, with many densely crowded burrs. Burrs 3.5-4 mm diam.; outer whorl of slender, barbed bristles to 7 mm long, surrounding a rigid cup with intercrossing spines of similar length. Spikelets 2-4 per involucre, 4-5.5 cm long, acuminate, protruding among spines of the burr. Lower glume ca 1/2 length of spikelet. Upper glume and lower floret "equal, enclosing coriaceous fertile floret." (Du Puy, 1993; p. 499).
"Very similar to C. echinatus but with longer, narrower spikes consisting of more numerous, very crowded, smaller and more delicate burrs; leaf blades longer also. Culms usually taller" (Stone, 1970; pp. 207-208)."Annual [grass], mostly erect, 30-100 cm tall; blades thin, flat, lax, 6-12 mm wide; raceme 4 to 10 cm long, dense; burs depressed globose, about 4 mm high, the outer bristles numerous, very slender, the inner somewhat exceeding the body, the lobes interlocking at maturity; spikelets usually 3". (Hitchcock, 1950; p. 731).
Description from GrassBase.
Habitat/ecology: Common in disturbed places, particularly near the ocean and on limestone soils.
Propagation: Seed. The burrs detach easily from the spike and attach to clothing or animals.
Native range: Tropical and semi-tropical Americas, naturalized elsewhere (GRIN).
Presence:
| Pacific | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Agrigan (Agrihan) Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Agrigan (Agrihan) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 11)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 31587 (US, BISH, Fo) |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Agrigan (Agrihan) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 697520)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Alamagan Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Alamagan Island |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 11)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 31715 (US, BISH, Fo) |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Guguan Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Pagan Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Pagan Island |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 11)
Voucher cited: Anderson 601 (US, BISH, Fo, NY) |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Rota Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Rota Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 697521)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Tinian Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Tinian Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 115255)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan |
Saipan Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan |
Saipan Island |
introduced
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Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 7) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
San Cristóbal Group |
San Cristóbal Island |
introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Santa Cruz Island |
introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Dublon (Tonowas) Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Dublon (Tonowas) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1935) (voucher ID: BISH 115269)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Lukunor (Núkúnooch) Atoll [xxx] |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Lukunor (Núkúnooch) Atoll [xxx] |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 112559)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Pis Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Weno (Moen) Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Weno (Moen) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. (2000) (p. Voucher specimen)
Voucher: BMW 5790 (BISH) |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Weno (Moen) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 697519)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1996) (voucher ID: PTBG 24898)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
introduced
invasive |
Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 54)
Naturalized |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Ifalik (Ifaluk) Atoll |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Satawal Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Satawal Island |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R. (1969) (p. 3)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 46874 (US) |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Ulithi Atoll |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Woleai Atoll |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1948) (voucher ID: BISH 115262)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1980) (voucher ID: BISH 588360)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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French Polynesia
Tuamotu Archipelago |
Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 3061 (PAP) "Vu ce seul pied en ornemental". |
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Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
invasive |
Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (pp. 207-208) |
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Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1954) (voucher ID: BISH 115257)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1911) (voucher ID: BISH 115265)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Enewetak (Ãnewetak, Eniwetok) Atoll |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Enewetak (Ãnewetak, Eniwetok) Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
St. John, Harold (1960) (p. 321)
Vouchers cited: Taylor 46-1259, St. John 23845, St. John 23711 |
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Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Enewetak (Ãnewetak, Eniwetok) Atoll |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 115266)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Enewetak (Ãnewetak, Eniwetok) Atoll |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 115267)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Enewetak (Ãnewetak, Eniwetok) Atoll |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 115268)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (p. 79)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 34140. Not seen in this survey and may no longer be present. |
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Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1952) (voucher ID: BISH 115261)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll |
introduced
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Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2009) (p. 1)
Voucher cited: Vander Velde 0830200901 |
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Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2009) (voucher ID: PTBG 49754)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii |
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Nauru
Nauru Island |
Nauru Island |
introduced
invasive |
Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 67)
Voucher cited: Thaman & Manner 35 (SUVA) |
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Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Angaur (Ngeaur) Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Malakal (Ngemelachel) Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Malakal (Ngemelachel) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 79) |
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Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Palau Islands (main island group) |
introduced
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Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim (2010) (p. 15) |
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Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Peleliu (Beliliou) Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 33) |
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Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Peleliu (Beliliou) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 39586)
Taxon name on voucher: Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. |
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Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) | Henty, E. E. (1969) (p. 46) | |
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Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Merrill, Elmer D. (1925) (pp. 74-75)
A widely distributed weed in settled areas, occurring generally in open waste places in and about towns. |
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Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands | Hafliger, Ernst/Scholz, Hildemar (1980) (p. 27) | |
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Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands |
native
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Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 56) |
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United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Wake Islands |
Wake Island |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R. (1959) (p. 8)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 34929 (US) |
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United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Wake Islands |
Wake Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1969) (p. 4)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 43522 (US) |
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United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Wake Islands |
Wake Island |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 2)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 34929 (US) |
| Pacific Rim | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) | Hafliger, Ernst/Scholz, Hildemar (1980) (p. 27) | |
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Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Costa Rica (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
El Salvador (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Guatemala (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Honduras (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Nicaragua (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Panama (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) | Hafliger, Ernst/Scholz, Hildemar (1980) (p. 27) | |
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Japan
Japan |
Japan |
introduced
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Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 192) |
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Mexico
Mexico |
Mexico (United Mexican States) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 24)
Naturalised |
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South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Colombia | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 73) | |
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South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Ecuador (Republic of) (continental) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Perú (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
| Indian Ocean | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands)
Christmas Island Group |
Christmas Island |
introduced
invasive |
Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 108) |
| Also reported from | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Alabama, Georgia |
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United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
USA (Florida) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Comments: Mostly an agricultural pest, but also occurs on beaches and ocean-side habitats. See also C. echinatus.
Control: If you know of control methods for Cenchrus brownii, please let us know.