Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)

Solanum americanum
(Solanaceae)

image of Solanum americanum image of Solanum americanum image of Solanum americanum
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Distribution Where to see this species In the news Full-text articles Other resources  

HEAR CLOSING      HEAR CLOSING      HEAR CLOSING

A message from Dr. David Duffy, Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit (PCSU), University of Hawaii (posted 05 November 2012):

Because of a lack of funds, HEAR (www.hear.org) may close as soon as December 15, although there may be enough funds to extend it until February 15. This will mean several things. The web site will be placed on a new server although it is not clear who will pay for the server or for transitioning the site. HEAR data will not be updated. The Pacific Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (http://www.hear.org/pier/abtproj.htm) site will also become frozen, as will numerous books, reports and papers (http://www.hear.org/). As software evolves we will likely lose the ability to access the data. The various list servers will need new owners, otherwise moderated lists will cease to function altogether, while other lists will not be able to add or delete members. The photo collection (http://www.hear.org/starr/images/?o=plants) will remain accessible, but only through a third party site that will charge for access.

I should point out that we have already lost the original homes of both the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) and Pacific Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) although they have found temporary refuges. Together with HEAR, they represent the corporate memory both here in Hawaii and across the Pacific of efforts to sustain our natural ecosystems and agriculture against problems caused by species alien to the islands. HEAR also serves as the glue that holds the community together, providing information and facilitating communication. I just hope hindsight is kind to this decision.

PLEASE SEND YOUR COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS TO webmaster@hear.org

Let us know if you have suggestions for additional references to add to this page.

"Hillebrand (1888) treated this species as native [ed.: to Hawaii]; however, the earliest collection was made in 1835.... In support of Hillebrand's statement is the discovery of seeds of this species in archaeological remains of the Mauna Kea Adze Quarry complex.... This site was abandoned prior to Cook's arrival." (Wagner et al. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii [rev. ed.]. p 1269.)  Solanum americanum is native to "tropical and warm temperate areas" (widely distributed), "generally associated with some man-made disturbance; in Hawaii possibly naturalized in open sites from coastal to wet forest...."  

Species description or overview

Solanum americanum information from PIER
Information on Solanum americanum as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).


Taxonomy & nomenclature

GRIN nomenclature info for Solanum americanum
Nomenclatural information about Solanum americanum is provided by USDA/ARS/NGRP/GRIN.

Solanum americanum information from the Smithsonian's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Solanum americanum--including nomenclature and synonymy, and status and distribution in Hawaii--is provided by the "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands" website of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Links from this page include descriptive information about the species, as well as worldwide distributional information and general information about the genus.

Solanum americanum information from ITIS
The Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS provides authoritative taxonomic information on Solanum americanum, as well as other plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.

IPNI nomenclature info for Solanum americanum
Nomenclatural information about Solanum americanum is provided by The International Plant Names Index (IPNI).


Impacts

Solanum americanum (Solanaceae): species information from GCW
Information on Solanum americanum as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).


Cultural uses

Popolo shrub more common than you think
Popolo (Solanum americanum) image, description, distribution, and uses are from Rick Barboza's "In the Garden" column (Honolulu Star Bulletin, 11/7/2008).


Cultivation & propagation

Popolo shrub more common than you think
Popolo (Solanum americanum) image, description, distribution, and uses are from Rick Barboza's "In the Garden" column (Honolulu Star Bulletin, 11/7/2008).


Images

Images of Solanum americanum (Solanaceae) (glossy nightshade)
Links to high-resolution free images of Solanum americanum (Solanaceae) (glossy nightshade) by Forest & Kim Starr (USGS) are available here.

Solanum americanum information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Solanum americanum in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Solanum americanum images by Jupiter Nielsen
Images of Solanum americanum are provided online by Maui artist/photographer Jupiter Nielsen.

Solanum americanum images from PIER
Images of Solanum americanum provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).


Distribution

Solanum americanum information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Solanum americanum in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Solanum americanum information from the Smithsonian's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Solanum americanum--including nomenclature and synonymy, and status and distribution in Hawaii--is provided by the "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands" website of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Links from this page include descriptive information about the species, as well as worldwide distributional information and general information about the genus.

Popolo shrub more common than you think
Popolo (Solanum americanum) image, description, distribution, and uses are from Rick Barboza's "In the Garden" column (Honolulu Star Bulletin, 11/7/2008).


Where to see this species

Auwahi - Dry forest of Maui
Images, history, and ethnobotany of Auwahi are on the HEAR website.

Kahoolawe (Kanaloa): natural areas of Hawaii
Forest and Kim Starr provide information about the island of Kahoolawe as a natural area in Hawaii. Links to additional resources are provided, as well as links to images of plant species found on Kahoolawe.


In the news

Popolo shrub more common than you think
Popolo (Solanum americanum) image, description, distribution, and uses are from Rick Barboza's "In the Garden" column (Honolulu Star Bulletin, 11/7/2008).


Full-text articles

Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research
Stone, Charles P., Clifford W. Smith, and J. Timothy Tunison (eds.) . 1992. Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit. ISBN: 0-8248-1474-6.

Maui Offshore Islet Botanical Survey
Starr, F., K. Starr, and Wood K. 2006. Maui Offshore Islet Botanical Survey. Report prepared for State Department of Land and Natural Resources and the Offshore Islet Restoration Committee, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Botanical inventory of Kure Atoll
Starr, Forest, Kim Martz, and Lloyd Loope. 2001. Botanical inventory of Kure Atoll. Prepared for Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife (Honolulu). 47 pp. illus.

Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest
Medeiros, A.C. 2004. Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.

Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants on Midway Atoll, Hawaii.
Starr, F., K. Starr, and Loope L. 2006. Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants on Midway Atoll, Hawaii. An addendum to the 1999 Botanical Survey of Midway Atoll.

Botanical survey of Midway Atoll
Starr, F. and K. Martz. 1999. Botanical survey of Midway Atoll. In: 1995-1999 Baseline Surveys for Alien Species in Marine and Terrestrial Habitats on Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, Hawaii.

A botanical survey of Pearl & Hermes Atoll, Lisianski, Laysan, Gardner Pinnacles, and French Frigate Shoals
Starr, F. and K. Martz. 1999. A botanical survey of Pearl & Hermes Atoll, Lisianski, Laysan, Gardner Pinnacles, and French Frigate Shoals. S. S. Midway Expedition. Trip report prepared for U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Honolulu, Hawaii).

Oahu Offshore Islets Botanical Survey
Starr, F. and K. Starr. 2006. Oahu Offshore Islets Botanical Survey. Report prepared for State Department of Land and Natural Resources and the Offshore Islet Restoration Committee, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Oahu Offshore Islets Pictorial Guide: Common Plants of Oahu's Offshore Islets
Starr, F. and K. Starr. 2006. Oahu Offshore Islets Pictorial Guide: Common Plants of Oahu's Offshore Islets. Prepared for State Department of Land and Natural Resources and the Offshore Islet Restoration Committee, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Lanai Offshore Islets Botanical Survey
Starr, F., K. Starr, and K. Wood. 2006. Lanai Offshore Islets Botanical Survey. Report prepared for State Department of Land and Natural Resources and the Offshore Islet Restoration Committee, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Revised List of Hawaiian Names of Plants Native and Introduced with Brief Descriptions and Notes as to Occurrence and Medicinal or Other Values
Gon III, Samuel M. Ohukaniohia. 2008. Revised List of Hawaiian Names of Plants Native and Introduced with Brief Descriptions and Notes as to Occurrence and Medicinal or Other Values, by Joseph F. Rock Consulting Botanist, Board of Agriculture and Forestry Honolulu, Hawaii, 1920; transcribed and annotated by Samuel M. Ohukaniohia Gon III. Ethnobotany Research & Applications 6:405-442.


Other resources

Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest
After rain forest of Haleakala National Park was fenced in the late 1980s, native vegetation responded vigorously yet three problematic plant invaders (Clidemia hirta, Hedychium gardnerianum, and Psidium cattleianum) continued to spread unabated and became of great concern to Park managers. This contribution provides a quantitative assessment of crucial life history junctures (quantitative phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal, seed predation, seedling establishment) to assist Haleakala NP and other managers of Hawaiian rain forests. It also provides detailed information for potentially identifying key characteristics in prevention, rapid response, and prioritization of incoming invasive species. (This document is the 2004 Ph.D. dissertation of Dr. Arthur C. Medeiros for the Department of Zoology at the University of Hawaii.)


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The Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR) is currently funded by grants from the Hau'oli Mau Loa Foundation and the U.S. Forest Service with support from PCSU (UH Manoa). Historically, HEAR has also received funding and/or support from the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) of the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII), PIERC (USGS), the USFWS, HCSU (UH Hilo), and HALE (NPS).

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