Puccinia psidii
(Pucciniaceae)
ohia rust, eucalyptus rust, guava rust
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Puccinia psidii
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Puccinia psidii is a rust (a type of plant pathogen) native to Brazil with a very broad host range in the myrtle family (Myrtaceae). Puccinia psidii can have very serious consequences to various species of plants in the Myrtaceae. This family includes guava (the original host of this rust in Brazil), eucalyptus, melaleuca, and a number of species native to Hawaii, including some endemic species (found nowhere else on Earth) and at least one important native forest tree. There are numerous strains of the Puccinia psidii rust--some known to be established in Florida, and at least one reported from California--and it is feared by some concerned scientists that strains may exist--or could mutate into existence--that could be devastating to ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha), one of Hawaii's dominant native trees, a foundation species for many remaining Hawaiian native ecosystems.
Ohia rust: featured concern of the Pacific Island Network
An overview of Puccinia psidii, its introduction to the Pacific islands, and information on management techniques are provided in this printable NPS information sheet.
"Preventing new strains of ohia rust" (Hawaii Invasive Species Council)
For the third edition of the Hawaii Invasive Species Council eNews, we feature the plant fungus Puccinia psidii, locally called ohia rust, which also impacts eucalyptus, guava and mountain apple. Ohia rust was first detected two years ago and is now present on all of the main Hawaiian Islands. Plant material potentially infected with new rust strains continues to freely enter the state. Plant material may be infected without showing symptoms for several weeks, allowing it to enter undetected. To minimize the risk from disease strains not yet in Hawaii, the import of potentially infested plant material in the myrtle family such as eucalyptus green cuttings would have to be stopped and all cut greens, seedlings and other stock would need to be produced locally. (from the introduction of the document)
Ohia rust (Puccinia psidii) - TNC info
Information about 'ohia rust (Puccinia psidii)--a potentially serious problem for a dominant native tree in Hawaii (among other species and places)--is provided by The Nature Conservancy's Global Invasive Species Initiative.
Puccinia psidii: PaDIL species content page
Images and description of host symptoms caused by Eucalyptus rust, Puccinia psidii, are on this Pest and Diseases Image Library page.
Development of microsatellite markers for the guava rust fungus, Puccinia psidii (abstract)
Genetic markers for Puccinia psidii were developed and characterized (Molecular Ecology, 2007).
A new rust occurring on ohia, Metrosideros polymorpha
A rust--tentatively identified as Puccinia psidii--has been found on nursery seedlings of ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha). This could be a new disease to Hawaii's most common forest tree. CTAHR has issued this pest alert in response to a rust occurring on the Hawaiian native tree Metrosideros polymorpha and other species.
A new rust occurring on ohia, Metrosideros polymorpha
A rust--tentatively identified as Puccinia psidii--has been found on nursery seedlings of ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha). This could be a new disease to Hawaii's most common forest tree. CTAHR has issued this pest alert in response to a rust occurring on the Hawaiian native tree Metrosideros polymorpha and other species.
Ohia rust pest alert (HDOA)
The Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) issued a "new pest alert" RE: 'ohia rust, which affects the native tree Metrosideros polymorpha. The Department of Agriculture (State of Hawaii [USA]) has produced an updated edition of the New Pest Advisory "A Rust Disease on Ohia." The rust is Puccinia psidii. Unusually, the rust has a wide host range, and includes eucalyptus, paperbark tree, guava, rose apple, allspice, jaboticaba, Surinam cherry, species of Eugenia, and others in the family Myrtaceae. In other parts of the world the rust is referred to as eucalyptus rust or
guava rust.
Ohia rust: featured concern of the Pacific Island Network
An overview of Puccinia psidii, its introduction to the Pacific islands, and information on management techniques are provided in this printable NPS information sheet.
Interaction between fungal rust Puccinia psidii and Australian weevil Oxyops vitiosa, on Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida.
Rust fungus and Australian weevil, two naturalized enemies of melaleuca, compete for newly expanding foliar tissue and may antagonize each other's effects as biocontrol agents of melaleuca (Rayamajhi, M.B., T.K. Van, P.D. Pratt, and T.D. Center. 2006. Interactive association between Puccinia psidii and Oxyops vitiosa, two introduced natural enemies of Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida. Biological Control. 37:56-67.)
Puccinia psidii on Eucalyptus globulus in Uruguay
"Puccinia psidii is native to South and Central America and the Caribbean, where it causes a serious leaf and shoot disease of a wide range of Myrtaceae (Coutinho et al., 1998). These include the native Psidium guajava (guava) and introduced Eucalyptus species (Ferreira, 1983). In 2002 a rust fungus was observed causing severe damage to one-year old trees during a routine disease survey of E. globulus in Uruguay...."
Heteropyxis natalensis, a new host of Puccinia psidii rust (abstract)
The first species outside the Myrtaceae shown to be susceptible to P. psidii is a South African tree (Australasian Plant Pathology, 2005).
Puccinia psidii rust found on paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia)
Puccinia psidii rust has been found on paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) in the Hilo area of the Big Island (Hawaii) (November 2005).
Puccinia psidii rust found on rose apple (Syzigium jambos)
Puccinia psidii rust has been found on rose apple (Syzigium jambos) in the Hilo area of the Big Island (Hawaii) (November 2005).
Breeding guava for resistance to rust caused by Puccinia psidii in Brazil
Individual guava plants not affected by Puccinia psidii rust were selected for use in a breeding program to develop rust-resistant varieties (Canadian Society for Horticultural Science symposium abstract, 2002).
Rose apple (Syzigium jambos) on Maui infected with the rust Puccinia psidii
Images of rose apple (Syzigium jambos) on Maui infected with the rust Puccinia psidii are presented online by Maui photographer Philip Thomas, and are freely available for noncommercial use.
Image of Puccinia psidii on fruit
An infestation of Puccinia psidii on goiabeira fruit is among the images of plant material infected by various pathogens.
"Guava rust" (Puccinia psidii) on guava (Psidium guajava): APSNET image of the week
"[Puccinia psidii] is the most important disease of guava trees in Brazil. Young leaves, flower buds, flowers, young fruit and green shoots are infected.... Control of guava rust can be obtained with fungicides and cultural methods. This rust disease is a serious potential threat to natural forests and plantations of Eucalyptus spp. in both Southern Africa and Australia." (from document)
Puccinia psidii affects Eugenia koolauensis on Oahu
The rust Puccinia psidii has been found on the endemic Hawaiian species Eugenia koolauensis on Oahu (October 2006).
Puccinia psidii rust found on paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia)
Puccinia psidii rust has been found on paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) in the Hilo area of the Big Island (Hawaii) (November 2005).
Puccinia psidii rust found on rose apple (Syzigium jambos)
Puccinia psidii rust has been found on rose apple (Syzigium jambos) in the Hilo area of the Big Island (Hawaii) (November 2005).
Puccinia psidii images
Plant symptoms and micrographs of Puccinia psidii are on the Forestry Images site.
Puccinia psidii: PaDIL species content page
Images and description of host symptoms caused by Eucalyptus rust, Puccinia psidii, are on this Pest and Diseases Image Library page.
Puccinia psidii information from CTAHR (Univ. Hawaii)
"An unidentified rust has been found on nursery seedlings of ohia, Metrosideros polymorpha. This could be a new disease to Hawaii's most common forest tree." (excerpted from CTAHR's frequently-updated "Pests and Diseases" website RE: Puccinia psidii)
Puccinia psidii on Eucalyptus globulus in Uruguay
"Puccinia psidii is native to South and Central America and the Caribbean, where it causes a serious leaf and shoot disease of a wide range of Myrtaceae (Coutinho et al., 1998). These include the native Psidium guajava (guava) and introduced Eucalyptus species (Ferreira, 1983). In 2002 a rust fungus was observed causing severe damage to one-year old trees during a routine disease survey of E. globulus in Uruguay...."
Puccinia psidii information from CTAHR (Univ. Hawaii)
"An unidentified rust has been found on nursery seedlings of ohia, Metrosideros polymorpha. This could be a new disease to Hawaii's most common forest tree." (excerpted from CTAHR's frequently-updated "Pests and Diseases" website RE: Puccinia psidii)
Import ban to affect shipments to Hawaii florists
To prevent imports of the ohia diease Puccinia psidii, the Hawaii Department of Agriculture has banned plants from the Myrtaceae family from California, Florida and South America that could be disease hosts (Honolulu Advertiser, 9/6/2007).
Uredinales species pathogenic on species of Myrtaceae
Pictures and references for 14 species of ants.
Eucalyptus rust: a disease with the potential for serious international implications
"The economic losses due to this disease [ed.: Puccinia psidii] are the result of infections of seedlings, young trees, and coppice.... It has apparently originated on native Myrtaceae in South America and is highly infective on some Eucalyptus spp. planted there. P. psidii causes one of the most serious forestry diseases in Brazil and is considered to be the most serious threat to eucalypt plantations worldwide. Advances in eucalyptus rust research are reviewed here, with a focus on topics such as distribution, host range, pathogen specialization, symptomatology, etiology, epidemiology, and control."
Host range of Puccinia psidii, a potential biological control agent of Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida
Puccinia psidii caused disease symptoms on M. quinquenervia, including distortion
and abscission of young foliage and dieback of severely infected tips (Rayachhetry, M. B., T.K., Van, T.D. Center, and M. Elliott. 2001. Host range of Puccinia psidii, a potential biological control agent of Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida. Biological Control 22:38-45.)
Interaction between fungal rust Puccinia psidii and Australian weevil Oxyops vitiosa, on Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida.
Rust fungus and Australian weevil, two naturalized enemies of melaleuca, compete for newly expanding foliar tissue and may antagonize each other's effects as biocontrol agents of melaleuca (Rayamajhi, M.B., T.K. Van, P.D. Pratt, and T.D. Center. 2006. Interactive association between Puccinia psidii and Oxyops vitiosa, two introduced natural enemies of Melaleuca quinquenervia in Florida. Biological Control. 37:56-67.)
Puccinia psidii attacks melaleuca
Biocontrol of invasive melaleuca with the rust Puccinia psidii may be considered after researchers discover a natural epiphytotic in Florida (Plant Disease, 1997).
Eucalyptus rust caused by Puccinia psidii and the threat it poses to Australia
Nomenclatural information about Phyllanthus amarus is provided by ITIS.
Resistance to rust (Puccinia psidii) in eucalyptus: mode of inheritance and mapping of a major gene with RAPD markers (abstract)
The resistance to rust is genetically controlled in eucalyptus and is one of the few examples of the involvement of a major gene in a non-coevolved pathosystem (Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003).
Puccinia psidii as an invasive species (information from TNC)
Information about Physalis peruviana as an invasive species is provided by The Nature Conservancy.
Puccinia psidii attacks jaboticaba
Fungal rust caused by Puccinia psidii on jaboticaba may be alleviated by pruning to increase aeration, according to this Brazilian column.
Image of Puccinia psidii on fruit
An infestation of Puccinia psidii on goiabeira fruit is among the images of plant material infected by various pathogens.
Ohia rust information from CTAHR Hawaii Forestry Extension
Links to information about ohia rust (Puccinia psidii) are presented by the Hawaii Forestry Extension (CTAHR/University of Hawaii).
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