Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)

Monomorium pharaonis
(Formicidae)

 
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Species description or overview Taxonomy & nomenclature Identification Impacts Prevention
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HEAR CLOSING      HEAR CLOSING      HEAR CLOSING

A message from Dr. David Duffy, Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit (PCSU), University of Hawaii (posted 05 November 2012):

Because of a lack of funds, HEAR (www.hear.org) may close as soon as December 15, although there may be enough funds to extend it until February 15. This will mean several things. The web site will be placed on a new server although it is not clear who will pay for the server or for transitioning the site. HEAR data will not be updated. The Pacific Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (http://www.hear.org/pier/abtproj.htm) site will also become frozen, as will numerous books, reports and papers (http://www.hear.org/). As software evolves we will likely lose the ability to access the data. The various list servers will need new owners, otherwise moderated lists will cease to function altogether, while other lists will not be able to add or delete members. The photo collection (http://www.hear.org/starr/images/?o=plants) will remain accessible, but only through a third party site that will charge for access.

I should point out that we have already lost the original homes of both the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) and Pacific Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) although they have found temporary refuges. Together with HEAR, they represent the corporate memory both here in Hawaii and across the Pacific of efforts to sustain our natural ecosystems and agriculture against problems caused by species alien to the islands. HEAR also serves as the glue that holds the community together, providing information and facilitating communication. I just hope hindsight is kind to this decision.

PLEASE SEND YOUR COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS TO webmaster@hear.org

Let us know if you have suggestions for additional references to add to this page.


Species description or overview

Pharoah's ant: Monomorium pharaonis
General information and a photograph of Monomorium pharaonis are available from the University of Florida.

Those pesky tramp ants (Pest Control Technology Online)
Polygyny, monomorphism, and colony dispersal by budding and fission allow tramp ant species to succesfully invade new territories. These and other characteristics that benefit tramp ants are discussed in this article.

Overview of Monomorium pharaonis from the Global Invasive Species Database
Information on the ecology, distribution, habitat, and management of Monomorium pharaonis are presented in this Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) site.

Monomorium pharaonis description and ecology from GISD (ISSG)
A species description and information about the ecology of Monomorium pharaonis as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Taxonomy & nomenclature

Monomorium pharaonis information from ITIS
The Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS provides authoritative taxonomic information on Monomorium pharaonis, as well as other plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.

Monomorium liliuokalanii (Linnaeus, 1758) taxonomy on ITIS
ITIS, the Integrated Taxonomic Information System, lists taxonomic data for Monomorium pharaonis and allows searches of other databases.


Identification

Key to ant species in Hawaii
13 physical characteristics are the basis of this computer-assisted key for identifying the 48 species of ants in Hawaii.

AntWeb field guide to the ant species of Hawaii View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Images of 20 of the ant species of Hawaii help to identify the species.


Impacts

Monomorium pharaonis impacts from ISSG
General impacts of Monomorium pharaonis and links to site specific cases are presented in this Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) site.

Monomorium pharaonis impact information from GISD (ISSG)
Impact information regarding Monomorium pharaonis as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Prevention

Change in Quarantine Action Policy for Ants Intercepted from Commodities Destined to the State of Hawaii
A policy change regarding quarantine action for ants intercepted from commodities in Hawaii is detailed here. The revised policy went into effect 10 April 2002.


Control methods

Evaluation of methoprene granular baits against foraging Pharaoh ants, Monomorium pharaonis (abstract)
Methoprene granular baits were effective against foraging Pharaoh ants, but there was a subsequent increase in populations of other pest ants with the elimination of Pharoah ants (Sociobiology, 2003).

Monomorium pharaonis management information from ISSG
Effective preventitive measures and chemical controls for Monomorium pharaonis are covered on this Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) site. Links to site specific management information are included.

Monomorium pharaonis management information from GISD (ISSG)
Management information for Monomorium pharaonis as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Human health issues

Evaluation of urban ants as carriers of pathogens in residential and industrial environments: I. Bacteria (abstract)
Tapinoma melanocephalum was the most frequent carrier of potentially pathogenic bacteria in this study, but other ant species are also carriers (Sociobiology, 2005).

Respiratory allergy to the indoor ant Monomorium pharaonis (abstract)
Pharaoh ants can induce bronchoconstriction regardless of sting in sensitized patients. Ants should be taken into consideration as a cause of respiratory allergy in patients living in homes with visual evidence of infestation.

Pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharaonis) triggers bronchial asthma (abstract).
Pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharaonis) is newly identified as an important inhalant allergen triggering bronchial asthma.


Images

Monomorium pharaonis images (Starr)
Images of Monomorium pharaonis (Formicidae) (pharaoh ant are provided by from Forest and Kim Starr.

UC IPM Photo
This image of a pharaoh ant is provided by the University of California.

Monomorium pharaonis images from JAnt.
Images of Monomorium pharaonis, its description and distribution in Japan are on this Japanese Ant Database page.

Monomorium pharaonis images from AntWeb
This AntWeb site allows comparisons of close-up images of individuals within the species Monomorium pharaonis.


Distribution

Monomorium pharoanis -- Pharaoh Ant
This clickable map shows the distribution of this species around the world.

Ants from Moorea, Society Islands (American Museum of Natural History, 1908)
In 1906-1907, 13 ant species were collected for the American Museum on the island of Moorea (Eimeo), near Tahiti. Some of the species are listed by outdated names.

A survey of urban pest ants in the Florida peninsula (Florida Entomologist, 1995) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Eight species of ants were identified as key pests in Florida. The most common were Solenopsis invicta (14%), Tapinoma melanocephalum (14%), Paratrechina longicornis (14%), Camponotus abdominalis floridanus (12%), Monomorium pharaonis (11%), Camponotus tortuganus (8%), Pheidole megacephala (7%), and Paratrechina bourbonica (4%).

Monomorium pharaonis distribution records from ISSG
Countries (or multi-country features) with distribution records for Monomorium pharaonis are listed with links to collection data in the Global Invasive Species Database.

Monomorium pharaonis worldwide distribution from GISD (ISSG)
Worldwide distribution information about Monomorium pharaonis is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).

Exotic ants in the Canary Islands View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Exotic ants for the Canary Islands are examined, with 12 species identified, based on recent collections and revision of preserved material and published lists (Vieraea, 2003).


Full-text articles

Ant invasions of mamane-naio forest at high elevations on Mauna Kea.
The potential impact of ants upon the endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper -- palila -- was studied on the dry sub-alpine slopes of Mauna Kea.

Pacific Ant Prevention Plan View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
This proposal was prepared by ISSG for the Pacific Plant Protection Organization and Regional Technical Meeting For Plant Protection in March 2004.


Experts

Monomorium pharaonis contacts from GISD (ISSG)
Contact information for experts on Monomorium pharaonis as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Discussion forums

Pacific Ant Group e-mail list (PAG-L@HAWAII.EDU)
The Pacific Ant Group discussion forum facilitates communication toward preventing establishment of Red Imported fire ant and other invasive ants on Pacific islands.


Other resources

Monomorium pharaonis references from GISD (ISSG)
References regarding Monomorium pharaonis as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


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The Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR) is currently funded by grants from the Hau'oli Mau Loa Foundation and the U.S. Forest Service with support from PCSU (UH Manoa). Historically, HEAR has also received funding and/or support from the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) of the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII), PIERC (USGS), the USFWS, HCSU (UH Hilo), and HALE (NPS).

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