Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)

Melinis minutiflora
(Poaceae)

Brazilian stink grass, efwatakala grass, melinis, molasses grass, stink grass

image of Melinis minutiflora image of Melinis minutiflora image of Melinis minutiflora
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Species description or overview Taxonomy & nomenclature Impacts Risk assessments Control methods Images
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Melinis minutiflora is a branching, spreading, perennial grass, 1-3 feet tall; leaves are flat, hairy, and sticky, 4-8 inches long. Flowering heads are 6-10 inches long.  Melinis minutiflora is native to Africa. 


Species description or overview

Melinis minutiflora information from CTAHR (Motooka et al.) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Information about Melinis minutiflora from "Weeds of Hawaii's pastures and natural areas: an identification and management guide" (Motooka et al. 2003) is provided by the University of Hawaii's College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR).

Melinis minutiflora information from PIER
Information on Melinis minutiflora as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).

Melinis minutiflora description and ecology from GISD (ISSG)
A species description and information about the ecology of Melinis minutiflora as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Taxonomy & nomenclature

GRIN nomenclature info for Melinis minutiflora
Nomenclatural information about Melinis minutiflora is provided by USDA/ARS/NGRP/GRIN.

Melinis minutiflora information from the Smithsonian's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Melinis minutiflora--including nomenclature and synonymy, and status and distribution in Hawaii--is provided by the "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands" website of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Links from this page include descriptive information about the species, as well as worldwide distributional information and general information about the genus.

Melinis minutiflora information from ITIS
The Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS provides authoritative taxonomic information on Melinis minutiflora, as well as other plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.

IPNI nomenclature info for Melinis minutiflora
Nomenclatural information about Melinis minutiflora is provided by The International Plant Names Index (IPNI).


Impacts

Melinis minutiflora (Poaceae): species information from GCW
Information on Melinis minutiflora as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Melinis minutiflora impact information from GISD (ISSG)
Impact information regarding Melinis minutiflora as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Risk assessments

Melinis minutiflora weed risk assessment for Hawaii-Pacific
Results of a weed risk assessment for Melinis minutiflora for the Hawaii-Pacific region are presented by the Hawaii-Pacific Weed Risk Assessment team.


Control methods

Melinis minutiflora information from CTAHR (Motooka et al.) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Information about Melinis minutiflora from "Weeds of Hawaii's pastures and natural areas: an identification and management guide" (Motooka et al. 2003) is provided by the University of Hawaii's College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR).

Melinis minutiflora management information from GISD (ISSG)
Management information for Melinis minutiflora as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Images

Images of Melinis minutiflora (Poaceae) (molasses grass)
Links to high-resolution free images of Melinis minutiflora (Poaceae) (molasses grass) by Forest & Kim Starr (USGS) are available here.

Melinis minutiflora information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Melinis minutiflora in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Melinis minutiflora images from PIER
Images of Melinis minutiflora provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).


Distribution

Melinis minutiflora information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Melinis minutiflora in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Melinis minutiflora information from the Smithsonian's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Melinis minutiflora--including nomenclature and synonymy, and status and distribution in Hawaii--is provided by the "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands" website of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Links from this page include descriptive information about the species, as well as worldwide distributional information and general information about the genus.

Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy (2000) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
The status of invasive plants, vertebrates, arthropods, molluscs, and crustaceans, and options for a regional invasive species strategy for the South Pacific are presented in this series of articles from the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2000.

Melinis minutiflora worldwide distribution from GISD (ISSG)
Worldwide distribution information about Melinis minutiflora is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Where to see this species

Auwahi - Dry forest of Maui
Images, history, and ethnobotany of Auwahi are on the HEAR website.

Kahoolawe (Kanaloa): natural areas of Hawaii
Forest and Kim Starr provide information about the island of Kahoolawe as a natural area in Hawaii. Links to additional resources are provided, as well as links to images of plant species found on Kahoolawe.


Books

Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide
Motooka, Philip, Luisa Castro, Duane Nelson, Guy Nagai, and Lincoln Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawaii--Manoa), Honolulu. 184 pp. color illus. ISBN: 1-929325-14-2.

Identification and biology of nonnative plants in Florida's natural areas (second edition)
Langeland, K.A., H.M. Cherry, C.M. McCormick, and K.A. Craddock Burks. 2008. Identification and biology of nonnative plants in Florida's natural areas (second edition). The University of Florida IFAS Communication Services (Gainesville). 193+ pp. illus. ISBN: 978-0-916287-70-2.

Grasses of the Hawaiian ranges (book)
A complete list of all species covered in Grasses of the Hawaiian ranges (Whitney, Hosaka, and Ripperton, 1939) is presented, along with a complete bibliographic citation. This book "describes and illustrates 103 of the most important grasses in Hawaii.... There are many grasses, either recently introduced or slow to become acclimatized, that have not yet established themselves on the ranges; these are not here included. Species that are found outside the general range areas, as in summit bogs, forest reserves, and national parks, are also omitted. Keys to the tribes and genera [are also included." ([adapted] from the book's introduction)


Full-text articles

Kanaio Natural Area Reserve: biological inventory and management recommendations
Medeiros, Arthur C., Lloyd L. Loope, and C.G. Chimera. 1993. Kanaio Natural Area Reserve: biological inventory and management recommendations. Natural Area Reserve System, State of Hawaii.

Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research
Stone, Charles P., Clifford W. Smith, and J. Timothy Tunison (eds.) . 1992. Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit. ISBN: 0-8248-1474-6.

Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy
South Pacific Regional Environmental Programme (SPREP). Sherley, Greg (ed.) . 2000. Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy. Apia, Samoa: South Pacific Regional Environment Programme. ISBN: 982-04-0214-X.

Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide
Motooka, Philip, Luisa Castro, Duane Nelson, Guy Nagai, and Lincoln Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawaii--Manoa), Honolulu. 184 pp. color illus. ISBN: 1-929325-14-2.

Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest
Medeiros, A.C. 2004. Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.


Experts

Melinis minutiflora contacts from GISD (ISSG)
Contact information for experts on Melinis minutiflora as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Other resources

Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest
After rain forest of Haleakala National Park was fenced in the late 1980s, native vegetation responded vigorously yet three problematic plant invaders (Clidemia hirta, Hedychium gardnerianum, and Psidium cattleianum) continued to spread unabated and became of great concern to Park managers. This contribution provides a quantitative assessment of crucial life history junctures (quantitative phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal, seed predation, seedling establishment) to assist Haleakala NP and other managers of Hawaiian rain forests. It also provides detailed information for potentially identifying key characteristics in prevention, rapid response, and prioritization of incoming invasive species. (This document is the 2004 Ph.D. dissertation of Dr. Arthur C. Medeiros for the Department of Zoology at the University of Hawaii.)

Distribution and Spread of Alien Plants in Kipahulu Valley, Haleakala National Park, above 2,300 ft Elevation View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
A baseline survey based on a network of 20 transects and 400 plots provides information on alien plant distribution during feral pig removal and prior to alien plant control efforts in Kipahulu Valley, Maui (from Alien Plant Invasions in Native Ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and Research, 1992, 39 pp).

Melinis minutiflora references from GISD (ISSG)
References regarding Melinis minutiflora as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


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The Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk (HEAR) project was historically funded by the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) of the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) through PIERC (USGS) with support from HCSU (UH Hilo). More details are available online. Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII)

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