Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)

Marsilea villosa
(Marsileaceae)

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Featured items Species description or overview Taxonomy & nomenclature Federal endangered/threatened status Cultivation & propagation
Images Distribution Where to see this species In the news Abstracts

Featured items

Marsilea villosa: Wikipedia information
Ihi ihi or villous waterclover image, taxonomy, and brief description are available on Wikipedia.

Species description or overview

Marsilea villosa: Wikipedia information
Ihi ihi or villous waterclover image, taxonomy, and brief description are available on Wikipedia.

Marsilea villosa information from Native Plants Hawaii  new posting 
Information about Marsilea villosa--including details regarding plant, flower, and leaf characteristics; pests and diseases; growth requirements; and environment--is provided by Native Plants Hawaii.

Marsilea villosa profile from the Center for Plant Conservation  new posting 
Marsilea villosa ecology, distribution, protection status, threats, and references are provided by the Center for Plant Conservation.

Taxonomy & nomenclature

ITIS nomenclature info for Marsilea villosa
Nomenclatural information about Marsilea villosa is provided by ITIS.

Federal endangered/threatened status

Marsilea villosa species profile from USFWS
A species profile for Marsilea villosa is provided by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, including links to information regarding the federal endangered/threatened status of this species.

Cultivation & propagation

Marsilea villosa information from Native Plants Hawaii  new posting 
Information about Marsilea villosa--including details regarding plant, flower, and leaf characteristics; pests and diseases; growth requirements; and environment--is provided by Native Plants Hawaii.

In the Garden: 4-leaf clover has impostor
Ihi ihilauakea (Marselia villosa), a delicate fern resembling the four-leaf clover, is the topic of this Rick Barboza column (Honolulu Star-Bulletin Features, 3/18/2005).

In the Garden: Endangered fern mistaken for clover
Ihi ihilauakea (Marselia villosa), which shares its name with the crater near Hanauma Bay where this fern is found, is the topic of this Rick Barboza column (Honolulu Star-Bulletin Features, 3/16/2007).

Images

Images of Marsilea villosa (Marsileaceae) (ihiihi)
Links to high-resolution free images of Marsilea villosa (Marsileaceae) (ihiihi) by Forest & Kim Starr (USGS) are available here.

Marsilea villosa information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands  new posting 
Information about Marsilea villosa in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Marsilea villosa images from Native Plants Hawaii  new posting 
Images of Marsilea villosa are provided on the Native Plants Hawaii website.

Marsilea villosa images
Marsilea villosa sporocarps and leaf are shown in these images.

Distribution

Marsilea villosa information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands  new posting 
Information about Marsilea villosa in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Fresh ihi ihi population found at Laau Point  new posting 
Two small patches of endangered ihi ihi were discovered at Laau Point, Molokai, providing further rationale for the anti-development sentiment regarding that area (Molokai Dispatch, 3/1/07).

Where to see this species

Ihiihilauakea (Marsilea villosa) habitat, Koko Head, Oahu  new posting 
Find the ihiihilauakea in this gigapan image of the weed overgrown habitat of one of only two Oahu populations of the endangered endemic fern.

In the news

Rare fern likes floods, dry seasons
Hawaii has its own native "four-leaf clover," but it's not a clover: it's a fern. Marsilea villosa, whose Hawaiian name is 'ihi'iihi or 'ihi'ihilauakea, is a rare water clover-looking four-leaf fern with an odd life history. The plant is on the federal endangered-species list, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recently completed a recovery plan. (paraphrased from beginning of article)

Fresh ihi ihi population found at Laau Point  new posting 
Two small patches of endangered ihi ihi were discovered at Laau Point, Molokai, providing further rationale for the anti-development sentiment regarding that area (Molokai Dispatch, 3/1/07).

Abstracts

Restoration genetics of the endangered fern Marsilea villosa: Variation among populations on two Hawaiian islands  new posting 
At least moderate levels of interpopulational and interisland genetic variation were found in ihi ihi populations (oral presentation, Botany and Mycology 2009 meeting).

Population dynamics of Marsilea villosa (Marsileaceae) on Oahu, Hawaii  new posting 
Invasion of alien grasses may be contributing to the dramatic decline of Marsilea villosa at Ihiihilauakea Crater (Pacific Science, 2006).

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