Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)

Ficus microcarpa
(Moraceae)

Chinese banyan, Indian laurel fig, Malay banyan, Malayan banyan, curtain fig, laurel fig

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Species description or overview Taxonomy & nomenclature Impacts Risk assessments Control methods
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Ficus microcarpa is native to India and Malaysia. 


Species description or overview

Ficus microcarpa information from CTAHR (Motooka et al.) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Information about Ficus microcarpa from "Weeds of Hawaii's pastures and natural areas: an identification and management guide" (Motooka et al. 2003) is provided by the University of Hawaii's College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR).

Ficus microcarpa information from PIER
Information on Ficus microcarpa as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).

Ficus microcarpa on Maui (Hawaii, USA): species information View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
This report on the species Ficus microcarpa in Hawaii--with particular emphasis on its status on the island of Maui--includes information about the taxonomy, description, biology and ecology, distribution, control methods, and management recommendations, as well as references.

Ficus microcarpa information from "Common forest trees of Hawaii" View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Information about Ficus microcarpa is presented with respect to this species being a forest tree in Hawaii. The information on this site is from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) 1989 publication by Little and Skolmen entitled "Common forest trees of Hawaii (native and introduced)."

Ficus microcarpa information from NTBG
Information about Ficus microcarpa is available from the National Tropical Botanical Garden (NTBG).


Taxonomy & nomenclature

GRIN nomenclature info for Ficus microcarpa
Nomenclatural information about Ficus microcarpa is provided by USDA/ARS/NGRP/GRIN.

Ficus microcarpa information from the Smithsonian's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Ficus microcarpa--including nomenclature and synonymy, and status and distribution in Hawaii--is provided by the "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands" website of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Links from this page include descriptive information about the species, as well as worldwide distributional information and general information about the genus.

Ficus microcarpa information from ITIS
The Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS provides authoritative taxonomic information on Ficus microcarpa, as well as other plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.

IPNI nomenclature info for Ficus microcarpa
Nomenclatural information about Ficus microcarpa is provided by The International Plant Names Index (IPNI).


Impacts

Ficus microcarpa (Moraceae): species information from GCW
Information on Ficus microcarpa as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).


Risk assessments

Ficus microcarpa weed risk assessment for Hawaii-Pacific
Results of a weed risk assessment for Ficus microcarpa for the Hawaii-Pacific region are presented by the Hawaii-Pacific Weed Risk Assessment team.

Weed risk assessment for Ficus microcarpa for Florida (TNC) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
A weed risk assessment for Ficus microcarpa for Florida is presented by The Nature Conservancy (Doria Gordon et al.).


Control methods

Ficus microcarpa information from CTAHR (Motooka et al.) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Information about Ficus microcarpa from "Weeds of Hawaii's pastures and natural areas: an identification and management guide" (Motooka et al. 2003) is provided by the University of Hawaii's College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR).

Herbicidal weed control methods for pastures and natural areas of Hawaii View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
This comprehensive review of herbicide application methods includes calculations for formulations, and appendices listing herbicides registered for use in Hawaii and their toxicities (University of Hawaii, 2002).


Images

Images of Ficus microcarpa (Moraceae) (Chinese banyan tree)
Links to high-resolution free images of Ficus microcarpa (Moraceae) (Chinese banyan tree) by Forest & Kim Starr (USGS) are available here.

Ficus microcarpa information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Ficus microcarpa in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Ficus microcarpa images from PIER
Images of Ficus microcarpa provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).


Distribution

Ficus microcarpa information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Ficus microcarpa in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Plants of Hawaii: Ficus microcarpa -- MAPS
taxonomic nomenclature, ITIS, Themeda arguens

Ficus microcarpa information from the Smithsonian's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Ficus microcarpa--including nomenclature and synonymy, and status and distribution in Hawaii--is provided by the "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands" website of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Links from this page include descriptive information about the species, as well as worldwide distributional information and general information about the genus.

Ficus microcarpa on Maui (Hawaii, USA): species information View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
This report on the species Ficus microcarpa in Hawaii--with particular emphasis on its status on the island of Maui--includes information about the taxonomy, description, biology and ecology, distribution, control methods, and management recommendations, as well as references.

Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy (2000) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
The status of invasive plants, vertebrates, arthropods, molluscs, and crustaceans, and options for a regional invasive species strategy for the South Pacific are presented in this series of articles from the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2000.

New plant records for the Hawaiian Archipelago (2001) View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
New island records, new state records, and range extensions of plants located on Midway Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii, State of Hawaii are in this report.


Where to see this species

Kahoolawe (Kanaloa): natural areas of Hawaii
Forest and Kim Starr provide information about the island of Kahoolawe as a natural area in Hawaii. Links to additional resources are provided, as well as links to images of plant species found on Kahoolawe.


Books

Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide
Motooka, Philip, Luisa Castro, Duane Nelson, Guy Nagai, and Lincoln Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawaii--Manoa), Honolulu. 184 pp. color illus. ISBN: 1-929325-14-2.

Identification and biology of nonnative plants in Florida's natural areas (second edition)
Langeland, K.A., H.M. Cherry, C.M. McCormick, and K.A. Craddock Burks. 2008. Identification and biology of nonnative plants in Florida's natural areas (second edition). The University of Florida IFAS Communication Services (Gainesville). 193+ pp. illus. ISBN: 978-0-916287-70-2.


Full-text articles

Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research
Stone, Charles P., Clifford W. Smith, and J. Timothy Tunison (eds.) . 1992. Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit. ISBN: 0-8248-1474-6.

Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy
South Pacific Regional Environmental Programme (SPREP). Sherley, Greg (ed.) . 2000. Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy. Apia, Samoa: South Pacific Regional Environment Programme. ISBN: 982-04-0214-X.

Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide
Motooka, Philip, Luisa Castro, Duane Nelson, Guy Nagai, and Lincoln Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawaii--Manoa), Honolulu. 184 pp. color illus. ISBN: 1-929325-14-2.

Maui Offshore Islet Botanical Survey
Starr, F., K. Starr, and Wood K. 2006. Maui Offshore Islet Botanical Survey. Report prepared for State Department of Land and Natural Resources and the Offshore Islet Restoration Committee, Honolulu, Hawaii.

New plant records from the Hawaiian archipelago
Starr, Forest, Kim Martz, and Lloyd L. Loope. 2002. New plant records from the Hawaiian archipelago. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucius G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2000. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 69:16-27.

Control of non-native plants in natural areas of Florida
Langeland, K.A. and R.L. Stocker. (1997-)2001. Control of non-native plants in natural areas of Florida. SP 242, one of a series of the Department of Agronomy, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First printed: 1997. Revised: April, 2001.

Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants on Midway Atoll, Hawaii.
Starr, F., K. Starr, and Loope L. 2006. Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants on Midway Atoll, Hawaii. An addendum to the 1999 Botanical Survey of Midway Atoll.

Botanical survey of Midway Atoll
Starr, F. and K. Martz. 1999. Botanical survey of Midway Atoll. In: 1995-1999 Baseline Surveys for Alien Species in Marine and Terrestrial Habitats on Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Ficus microcarpa on Maui (Hawaii, USA): species information View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
This report on the species Ficus microcarpa in Hawaii--with particular emphasis on its status on the island of Maui--includes information about the taxonomy, description, biology and ecology, distribution, control methods, and management recommendations, as well as references.


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The Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk (HEAR) project was historically funded by the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) of the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) through PIERC (USGS) with support from HCSU (UH Hilo). More details are available online. Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII)

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