Clidemia hirta
(Melastomataceae)
Koster's curse, soap bush
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Clidemia hirta
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| HEAR home > species info > plants > Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae) |
Clidemia hirta is a densely-branched shrub growing to four meters (over twelve feet) tall, with 5-to-7-veined leaves and with stems covered with red bristles. It has small whitish flowers and fruits that are dark blue when ripe. "As an alien invasive species in the absence of its natural enemies and fast-growing competitors, it can form dense, monotypic thickets under forest canopies where it will shade out most of the vegetation beneath them." Clidemia hirta was first observed on Oahu in 1941, and has subsequently spread to the Big Island (1972), Molokai (1973), Maui (1977), Kauai (1982), and Lanai (1988).
Clidemia hirta information from PIER
Information on Clidemia hirta as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).
Clidemia hirta description and ecology from GISD (ISSG)
A species description and information about the ecology of Clidemia hirta as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).
Clidemia hirta as a weed in Hawaii
Information about Clidemia hirta as a weed in Hawaii is presented by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawai).
Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae): species information from GCW
Information on Clidemia hirta as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).
Clidemia hirta impact information from GISD (ISSG)
Impact information regarding Clidemia hirta as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).
Introductions for biological control in Hawaii 1997-2001
The introduction of 16 insect and five fungal species to control six weeds and four insect pests in Hawaii from 1997-2001 is discussed in a paper by the Hawaii Department of Agriculture (Proceedings Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2003).
Clidemia hirta as a weed in Hawaii
Information about Clidemia hirta as a weed in Hawaii is presented by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawai).
Clidemia hirta management information from GISD (ISSG)
Management information for Clidemia hirta as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).
Images of Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae) (Koster's curse)
Links to high-resolution free images of Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae) (Koster's curse) by Forest & Kim Starr (USGS) are available here.
Clidemia hirta information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands 
Information about Clidemia hirta in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.
Clidemia hirta images from PIER
Images of Clidemia hirta provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).
Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review
and draft regional strategy (2000)
The status of invasive plants, vertebrates, arthropods, molluscs, and crustaceans, and options for a regional invasive species strategy for the South Pacific are presented in this series of articles from the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2000.
Clidemia hirta as a weed in Hawaii
Information about Clidemia hirta as a weed in Hawaii is presented by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawai).
Known distribution of Clidemia hirta on the Big Island (Hawaii, USA) in 1998
Distribution of Clidemia hirta is shown on a contour map of the Big Island (HEAR, 1998).
Clidemia hirta worldwide distribution from GISD (ISSG)
Worldwide distribution information about Clidemia hirta is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).
Turning the tide: The eradication of invasive species (proceedings of the International Conference on Eradication of Island Invasives)
Veitch, C.R. and M.N. Clout (eds.) . 2002. Turning the tide: The eradication of invasive species (proceedings of the International Conference on Eradication of Island Invasives). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. vii + 414pp. ISBN: 2-8317-0682-3.
Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide
Motooka, Philip, Luisa Castro, Duane Nelson, Guy Nagai, and Lincoln Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawaii--Manoa), Honolulu. 184 pp. color illus. ISBN: 1-929325-14-2.
Review and status of biological control of clidemia in Hawai'i
Nakahara, Larry M., Robert M. Burkhart, and George Y. Funasaki. 1992. Review and status of biological control of clidemia in Hawai'i. In Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawai'i: Management and research, edited by Charles P. Stone, Clifford W. Smith, and J. Timothy Tunison, 452-65. Honolulu: Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawai'i at Manoa.
Effectiveness of Liothrips urichi Karny (Thysanoptera: Phlaaeothripidae) introduced for biological control of Clidemia hirta in Hawaii, U.S.A.
Reimer, Neil J. and J.W. Beardsley. 1988. Effectiveness of Liothrips urichi Karny (Thysanoptera: Phlaaeothripidae) introduced for biological control of Clidemia hirta in Hawaii, U.S.A. Environmental Entomology 18, no. 6:1141-46.
Predation on Liothrips urichi Karny (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), a case of biotic interference
Reimer, Neil J. 1988. Predation on Liothrips urichi Karny (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), a case of biotic interference. Environmental Entomology 17, no. 1: 132-34.
Distribution, status, phenology, rate of spread, and management of Clidemia in Hawai'i
Smith, Clifford W. 1992. Distribution, status, phenology, rate of spread, and management of Clidemia in Hawai'i. In Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawai'i: Management and research, edited by Charles P. Stone, Clifford W. Smith, and J. Timothy Tunison, 241-53. Honolulu: Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawai'i at Manoa.
Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, a possible biological control agent for Clidemia hirta in Hawaiian forests
Trujillo, E.E., F.M. Latterell, and A.E. Rossi. 1986. Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, a possible biological control agent for Clidemia hirta in Hawaiian forests. Plant Disease 70:974-76.
Koster's curse (Clidemia hirta), a weed pest in Hawaiian forests
Wester, L.L. and H.B. Wood. 1977. Koster's curse (Clidemia hirta), a weed pest in Hawaiian forests. Environmental Conservation 4, no. 1:35-41.
Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research
Stone, Charles P., Clifford W. Smith, and J. Timothy Tunison (eds.) . 1992. Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit. ISBN: 0-8248-1474-6.
Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy
South Pacific Regional Environmental Programme (SPREP). Sherley, Greg (ed.) . 2000. Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy. Apia, Samoa: South Pacific Regional Environment Programme. ISBN: 982-04-0214-X.
Turning the tide: The eradication of invasive species (proceedings of the International Conference on Eradication of Island Invasives)
Veitch, C.R. and M.N. Clout (eds.) . 2002. Turning the tide: The eradication of invasive species (proceedings of the International Conference on Eradication of Island Invasives). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. vii + 414pp. ISBN: 2-8317-0682-3.
Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide
Motooka, Philip, Luisa Castro, Duane Nelson, Guy Nagai, and Lincoln Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawaii--Manoa), Honolulu. 184 pp. color illus. ISBN: 1-929325-14-2.
Assessing the risks of plant invasions arising from collections in tropical botanical gardens
Dawson, Wayne, Ahmed S. Mndolwa, David F. R. P. Burslem, and Philip E. Hulme. 2008. Assessing the risks of plant invasions arising from collections in tropical botanical gardens. Biodiversity Conservation. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.
Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest
Medeiros, A.C. 2004. Phenology, reproductive potential, seed dispersal and predation, and seedling establishment of three invasive plant species in a Hawaiian rain forest. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.
Proceedings of workshop on biological control of native ecosystems in Hawaii
Smith, Clifford W., Julie Denslow, and Stephen Hight (eds.) . 2002. Proceedings of workshop on biological control of native ecosystems in Hawaii. Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit (University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Botany) Technical Report 129. 122 pages.
Classical biological control of Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae) in Hawaii using multiple strategies
Conant, Patrick. 2002. Classical biological control of Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae) in Hawaii using multiple strategies. pp. 13-20 in Smith, Clifford W., Julie Denslow, and Stephen Hight (eds). 2002. Proceedings of workshop on biological control of native ecosystems in Hawaii. Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit (University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Botany) Technical Report 129. 122 pages. from http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/duffy/techr/129.pdf accessed 16 March 2008.
Forest pest biological control program in Hawaii
Smith, Clifford W. 2002. Forest pest biological control program in Hawaii. pp. 91-98 in Smith, Clifford W., Julie Denslow, and Stephen Hight (eds). 2002. Proceedings of workshop on biological control of native ecosystems in Hawaii. Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit (University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Botany) Technical Report 129. 122 pages. from http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/duffy/techr/129.pdf accessed 16 March 2008.
Introductions for biological control in Hawaii 1997-2001
Culliney, Thomas W., Walter T. Nagamine, and Kenneth K. Teramoto. 2003. Introductions for biological control in Hawaii 1997-2001. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. (2003) 36:145-153.
Some notes on parasitization of Blephoromastix ebulealis (Gunee) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Oahu forests
Reimer, N.J. and J.W. Beardsley. 1986. Some notes on parasitization of Blephoromastix ebulealis (Gunee) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Oahu forests. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomology Society, vol. 27, pp. 91-93.
Distribution, status, phenology, rate of spread, and management of Clidemia in Hawai'i
Smith, Clifford W. 1992. Distribution, status, phenology, rate of spread, and management of Clidemia in Hawai'i. In Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawai'i: Management and research, edited by Charles P. Stone, Clifford W. Smith, and J. Timothy Tunison, 241-53. Honolulu: Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawai'i at Manoa.
Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, a possible biological control agent for Clidemia hirta in Hawaiian forests
Trujillo, E.E., F.M. Latterell, and A.E. Rossi. 1986. Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, a possible biological control agent for Clidemia hirta in Hawaiian forests. Plant Disease 70:974-76.
Koster's curse (Clidemia hirta), a weed pest in Hawaiian forests
Wester, L.L. and H.B. Wood. 1977. Koster's curse (Clidemia hirta), a weed pest in Hawaiian forests. Environmental Conservation 4, no. 1:35-41.
Clidemia hirta references from GISD (ISSG)
References regarding Clidemia hirta as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).
Responses to light and water availability of four invasive Melastomataceae in Hawaii
"To understand life history traits of four successful invasive Melastomataceae, two shade-intolerant herbs (Arthrostema ciliatum and Tibouchina herbacea) and two shade-tolerant woody species (Clidemia hirta, a shrub, and Miconia calvescens, a tree) were subjected to three light levels and two watering regimes in a greenhouse".
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| The content of this page is based on information last generated on 03 November 2009 by PT. The template for this page was created on 15 March 2004 by EMS, and was last updated on 20 February 2006 by PT. |
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