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Casuarina equisetifolia
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| HEAR home > species info > plants > Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae) |
Casuarina equisetifolia is a 60115' tall monoecious evergreen tree with a spire-shaped crown and gray-green drooping branches to 12" long and small cones (to 1"). Casuarina equisetifolia is widely introduced and naturalized, and is almost ubiquitous on beaches throughout the tropics. Its ability to fix free nitrogen allows it to thrive on coastal sands where few other plants can survive; under these conditions it can form a virtual monocultre, excluding all other plant species; it may be allelopathic. Over 70,000 ironwood trees were planted in Hawaiian forest reserves; It is now one of the most wiespread trees in the Hawaiian landscape (Staples & Herbst 2005). Casuarina equisetifolia is native to tropical and subrtopical coastlines in a gast geographic range extending from Myanmar throughout southeast Asia, Indonesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, and northern and northeastern Australia.
Information about Casuarina equisetifolia from IUCN's ISSG/GISD
Information about Casuarina equisetifolia is available from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) (a product of IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group [ISSG]).
Traditional tree Casuarina equisetifolia and Casuarina cunninghamiana 
Casuarina overview is provided by the Traditional Tree Initiative's species profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry (www.traditionaltree.org).
Casuarina equisetifolia information from CTAHR (Motooka et al.)
Information about Casuarina equisetifolia from "Weeds of Hawaii's pastures and natural areas: an identification and management guide" (Motooka et al. 2003) is provided by the University of Hawaii's College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR).
Casuarina equisetifolia information from PIER
Information on Casuarina equisetifolia as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).
Casuarina equisetifolia description and ecology from GISD (ISSG)
A species description and information about the ecology of Casuarina equisetifolia as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).
Casuarina equisetifolia information from "Common forest trees of Hawaii"
Information about Casuarina equisetifolia is presented with respect to this species being a forest tree in Hawaii. The information on this site is from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) 1989 publication by Little and Skolmen entitled "Common forest trees of Hawaii (native and introduced)."
Casuarina equisetifolia information from the Smithsonian's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Casuarina equisetifolia--including nomenclature and synonymy, and status and distribution in Hawaii--is provided by the "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands" website of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Links from this page include descriptive information about the species, as well as worldwide distributional information and general information about the genus.
Casuarina equisetifolia information from ITIS
The Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS provides authoritative taxonomic information on Casuarina equisetifolia, as well as other plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.
IPNI nomenclature info for Casuarina equisetifolia
Nomenclatural information about Casuarina equisetifolia is provided by The International Plant Names Index (IPNI).
Casuarina equisetifolia impact information from GISD (ISSG)
Impact information regarding Casuarina equisetifolia as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).
Casuarina equisetifolia information from CTAHR (Motooka et al.)
Information about Casuarina equisetifolia from "Weeds of Hawaii's pastures and natural areas: an identification and management guide" (Motooka et al. 2003) is provided by the University of Hawaii's College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR).
Casuarina equisetifolia management information from GISD (ISSG)
Management information for Casuarina equisetifolia as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).
Casuarina equisetifolia information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Casuarina equisetifolia in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.
Bischofia to Cryptomeria images and weed risk assessment scores
Images of trees Bischofia to Cryptomeria, and their weed risk assessment scores, listed alphabetically, are from the University of Hawaii Forestry Extension.
Casuarina equisetifolia images from PIER
Images of Casuarina equisetifolia provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).
Casuarina equisetifolia information from the Smithsonian's Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Casuarina equisetifolia--including nomenclature and synonymy, and status and distribution in Hawaii--is provided by the "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands" website of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Links from this page include descriptive information about the species, as well as worldwide distributional information and general information about the genus.
Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review
and draft regional strategy (2000)
The status of invasive plants, vertebrates, arthropods, molluscs, and crustaceans, and options for a regional invasive species strategy for the South Pacific are presented in this series of articles from the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2000.
Casuarina equisetifolia worldwide distribution from GISD (ISSG)
Worldwide distribution information about Casuarina equisetifolia is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).
A field guide to tropical and subtropical plants
Perry, Frances and Roy Hay. 1982. A field guide to tropical and subtropical plants. Ward Lock Limited, Great Britain. 136 pp. illus. ISBN: 0-442-26859-9.
Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide
Motooka, Philip, Luisa Castro, Duane Nelson, Guy Nagai, and Lincoln Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawaii--Manoa), Honolulu. 184 pp. color illus. ISBN: 1-929325-14-2.
Identification and biology of nonnative plants in Florida's natural areas (second edition)
Langeland, K.A., H.M. Cherry, C.M. McCormick, and K.A. Craddock Burks. 2008. Identification and biology of nonnative plants in Florida's natural areas (second edition). The University of Florida IFAS Communication Services (Gainesville). 193+ pp. illus. ISBN: 978-0-916287-70-2.
Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy
South Pacific Regional Environmental Programme (SPREP). Sherley, Greg (ed.) . 2000. Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy. Apia, Samoa: South Pacific Regional Environment Programme. ISBN: 982-04-0214-X.
Turning the tide: The eradication of invasive species (proceedings of the International Conference on Eradication of Island Invasives)
Veitch, C.R. and M.N. Clout (eds.) . 2002. Turning the tide: The eradication of invasive species (proceedings of the International Conference on Eradication of Island Invasives). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. vii + 414pp. ISBN: 2-8317-0682-3.
Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide
Motooka, Philip, Luisa Castro, Duane Nelson, Guy Nagai, and Lincoln Ching. 2003. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures and Natural Areas: An Identification and Management Guide. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (University of Hawaii--Manoa), Honolulu. 184 pp. color illus. ISBN: 1-929325-14-2.
Maui Offshore Islet Botanical Survey
Starr, F., K. Starr, and Wood K. 2006. Maui Offshore Islet Botanical Survey. Report prepared for State Department of Land and Natural Resources and the Offshore Islet Restoration Committee, Honolulu, Hawaii.
An updated, indexed bibliography of the herpetofauna of Florida
Enge, Kevin M. 2002. An updated, indexed bibliography of the herpetofauna of Florida. Technical report no. 19.
New plant records from Midway Atoll for 1999
Starr, Forest and Kim Martz. 2000. New plant records from Midway Atoll for 1999. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucius G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1999. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 64:10-12.
Control of non-native plants in natural areas of Florida
Langeland, K.A. and R.L. Stocker. (1997-)2001. Control of non-native plants in natural areas of Florida. SP 242, one of a series of the Department of Agronomy, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural
Sciences, University of Florida. First printed: 1997. Revised: April, 2001.
Botanical inventory of Kure Atoll
Starr, Forest, Kim Martz, and Lloyd Loope. 2001. Botanical inventory of Kure Atoll. Prepared for Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife (Honolulu). 47 pp. illus.
Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants on Midway Atoll, Hawaii.
Starr, F., K. Starr, and Loope L. 2006. Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants on Midway Atoll, Hawaii. An addendum to the 1999 Botanical Survey of Midway Atoll.
Botanical survey of Midway Atoll
Starr, F. and K. Martz. 1999. Botanical survey of Midway Atoll. In: 1995-1999 Baseline Surveys for Alien Species in Marine and Terrestrial Habitats on Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, Hawaii.
A botanical survey of Pearl & Hermes Atoll, Lisianski, Laysan, Gardner Pinnacles, and French Frigate Shoals
Starr, F. and K. Martz. 1999. A botanical survey of Pearl & Hermes Atoll, Lisianski, Laysan, Gardner Pinnacles, and French Frigate Shoals. S. S. Midway Expedition. Trip report prepared for U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Honolulu, Hawaii).
Oahu Offshore Islets Botanical Survey
Starr, F. and K. Starr. 2006. Oahu Offshore Islets Botanical Survey. Report prepared for State Department of Land and Natural Resources and the Offshore Islet Restoration Committee, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Oahu Offshore Islets Pictorial Guide: Common Plants of Oahu's Offshore Islets
Starr, F. and K. Starr. 2006. Oahu Offshore Islets Pictorial Guide: Common Plants of Oahu's Offshore Islets. Prepared for State Department of Land and Natural Resources and the Offshore Islet Restoration Committee, Honolulu, Hawaii.
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| The content of this page is based on information last generated on 15 October 2017 by PT. The template for this page was created on 15 March 2004 by EMS, and was last updated on 20 February 2006 by PT. |
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