Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)

Bischofia javanica
(Euphorbiaceae)

bishopwood

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Species description or overview Taxonomy & nomenclature Impacts Prevention
Images Distribution Cited as invasive (on a list)  

"[Bischofiajavanica is an evergreen or semievergreen woody tree with a maximum height of 40 m and diameter of 2.3 m. The relatively short trunk is erect, but branches low. Though coarse at maturity, the bark is nearly smooth, grayish brown to brown, and 1 cm thick, and contains a red milky sap that becomes a resinous semi-solid when dried. Leaves are trifoliate, rarely palmate, with petiole 8-20 cm in length. Each papery leaflet may be ovate, elliptic, subovate, or elliptic-ovate, 7-15 cm long and 4-8 cm wide, acute or caudate-acuminate apically and broadly cuneate to obtuse at base, with two to three denticles per centimeter along the serrated margin. The petiole of the terminal leaflet is 2-5 cm in length, while that of lateral leaflet is 5-20 mm. A stipule is present, also papery, 8 mm long; and it falls off early. Small axillary flowers are borne on dioecious panicles in April to May. The male inflorescence is 8-13 cm long and pubescent to glabrous, while the female inflorescence is 15-17 cm long and pendant. Appearing in August to October, berry-like fruits are light brown, globular or subglobular, 6-13 mm in diameter, containing oblong seeds 5 mm in length." (adapted from  [based on Li Bingtao (Li Pingt'ao). 1994.], accessed 10 May 2008) 


Species description or overview

Bischofia javanica information from PIER
Information on Bischofia javanica as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).


Taxonomy & nomenclature

GRIN nomenclature info for Bischofia javanica
Nomenclatural information about Bischofia javanica is provided by USDA/ARS/NGRP/GRIN.

ITIS nomenclature info for Bischofia javanica
Nomenclatural information about Bischofia javanica is provided by ITIS.

IPNI nomenclature info for Bischofia javanica
Nomenclatural information about Bischofia javanica is provided by The International Plant Names Index (IPNI).


Impacts

Bischofia javanica (Euphorbiaceae): species information from GCW
Information on Bischofia javanica as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).


Prevention

FNGA Urges Growers to Phase Out Invasive Plants
The Nature Conservancy


Images

Images of Bischofia javanica (Euphorbiaceae) (bischofia, Javanese bishopwood)
Links to high-resolution free images of Bischofia javanica (Euphorbiaceae) (bischofia, Javanese bishopwood) by Forest & Kim Starr (USGS) are available here.

Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands info for Bischofia javanica
Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (Wagner, W. L., D. R. Herbst, and D. H. Lorence. 2005-. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands website. http://ravenel.si.edu/botany/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaiianflora/index.htm [accessed Apr 2006])

Bischofia javanica images from PIER
Images of Bischofia javanica provided by the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER).


Distribution

Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands info for Bischofia javanica
Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (Wagner, W. L., D. R. Herbst, and D. H. Lorence. 2005-. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands website. http://ravenel.si.edu/botany/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaiianflora/index.htm [accessed Apr 2006])


Cited as invasive (on a list)

2007 FLEPPC invasive plant list View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 2007 List of Invasive Plant Species focus includes adverse effects exotic pest plants have on Florida's biodiversity and plant communities.


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The Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk (HEAR) project is currently funded by the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) of the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) through PIERC (USGS) with support from HCSU (UH-Hilo). More details are available online. Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII)

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