Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)

Acanthophora spicifera
(Rhodomelaceae)

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HEAR CLOSING      HEAR CLOSING      HEAR CLOSING

A message from Dr. David Duffy, Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit (PCSU), University of Hawaii (posted 05 November 2012):

Because of a lack of funds, HEAR (www.hear.org) may close as soon as December 15, although there may be enough funds to extend it until February 15. This will mean several things. The web site will be placed on a new server although it is not clear who will pay for the server or for transitioning the site. HEAR data will not be updated. The Pacific Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (http://www.hear.org/pier/abtproj.htm) site will also become frozen, as will numerous books, reports and papers (http://www.hear.org/). As software evolves we will likely lose the ability to access the data. The various list servers will need new owners, otherwise moderated lists will cease to function altogether, while other lists will not be able to add or delete members. The photo collection (http://www.hear.org/starr/images/?o=plants) will remain accessible, but only through a third party site that will charge for access.

I should point out that we have already lost the original homes of both the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) and Pacific Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) although they have found temporary refuges. Together with HEAR, they represent the corporate memory both here in Hawaii and across the Pacific of efforts to sustain our natural ecosystems and agriculture against problems caused by species alien to the islands. HEAR also serves as the glue that holds the community together, providing information and facilitating communication. I just hope hindsight is kind to this decision.

PLEASE SEND YOUR COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS TO webmaster@hear.org

Let us know if you have suggestions for additional references to add to this page.

Acanthohora spicifera is a seaweed that grows in upright clumps of spiny branches, 1-2 mm in diameter. It can be pale yellow, brownish, dark green, or reddish (often dark green in intertidal areas and high wave motion areas). This species grows on the reef in intertidal, lagoon and reef flat habitats, or it can be free-floating.  In Hawaii, Acanthohora spicifera outcompetes native seaweeds for space on the reef. This species readily reproduces and spreads by fragmentation (floating pieces of seaweed) and spores, and continues to spread attached to the hulls of boats. It fouls the hulls of boats used for interisland transport, making them less fuel-efficient.  Acanthophora spicifera was accidentally introduced to Hawaii from Guam in 1950 by hull fouling on the fuel barge "Yon 146." The first fragments of this species were discovered in Pearl Harbor in 1952. It can now be found on all main Hawaiian Islands.  Acanthophora spicifera is the most abundant seaweed species on shallow reefs and the most widespread alien seaweed in Hawaii. Widescale control or eradication from Hawaii is not currently feasible. 

Species description or overview

Invasive algae Acanthophora spicifera overview View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format
Taxonomy, description, ecology, impacts and distribution of invasive algae Acanthophora spicifera are provided by University of Hawaii Botany Department.

Acanthophora spicifera: an invasive marine alga in Hawaii
Acanthophora spicifera: an invasive marine alga in Hawaii

Spiny seaweed or prickly seaweed (Acanthophora spicifera) overview from the Hawaii Invasive Species Council (HISC)
Spiny seaweed's description, impacts, images, and distribution in Hawaii are from HISC's high-profile invasive pests site.

Acanthophora spicifera information
Spiny seaweed ecology, habitat, dispersal, and management are from The Global Invasive Species Database.

Acanthophora spicifera description and ecology from GISD (ISSG)
A species description and information about the ecology of Acanthophora spicifera as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Taxonomy & nomenclature

GRIN nomenclature info for Acanthophora spicifera
Nomenclatural information about Acanthophora spicifera is provided by USDA/ARS/NGRP/GRIN.

Acanthophora spicifera information from ITIS
The Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS provides authoritative taxonomic information on Acanthophora spicifera, as well as other plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.

IPNI nomenclature info for Acanthophora spicifera
Nomenclatural information about Acanthophora spicifera is provided by The International Plant Names Index (IPNI).


Identification

ReefWatcher's Field Guide to Alien and Native Hawaiian Marine Algae (Common Limu of Hawaii)
Images, descriptions, habitat, and ecology of common Hawaiian limu are provided by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant program.


Impacts

Dr. Lu Eldridge: testimony on H.R. 3558 "Species protection and conservation of the environment"
Dr. Lu Eldridge presented testimony on H.R. 3558 "Species protection and conservation of the environment."

Attempt to control the invasive red alga Acanthophora spicifera (Rhodophyta: Ceramiales) in a Hawaiian fishpond: An assessment of removal techniques and management options
All methods to control invasive red alga showed a substantial initial decrease in algal density, but the long-term effect was minimal because of rapid regrowth. The most promising removal method was to raise local densities of herbivorous fishes (Pacific Science, 2008).

Acanthophora spicifera (Rhodomelaceae): species information from GCW
Information on Acanthophora spicifera as relevant to Pacific Islands is provided by the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Acanthophora spicifera impact information from GISD (ISSG)
Impact information regarding Acanthophora spicifera as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Control methods

Attempt to control the invasive red alga Acanthophora spicifera (Rhodophyta: Ceramiales) in a Hawaiian fishpond: An assessment of removal techniques and management options
All methods to control invasive red alga showed a substantial initial decrease in algal density, but the long-term effect was minimal because of rapid regrowth. The most promising removal method was to raise local densities of herbivorous fishes (Pacific Science, 2008).

Acanthophora spicifera management information from GISD (ISSG)
Management information for Acanthophora spicifera as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Legislation/regulation

Dr. Lu Eldridge: testimony on H.R. 3558 "Species protection and conservation of the environment"
Dr. Lu Eldridge presented testimony on H.R. 3558 "Species protection and conservation of the environment."


Images

Acanthophora spicifera information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Acanthophora spicifera in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Marine algae of Hawaii: red algae
Alien algae and corresponding competing native species are shown on this site from the University of Hawaii Botany Department.


Distribution

Acanthophora spicifera information from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands
Information about Acanthophora spicifera in Hawaii is available from the Smithsonian Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.

Acanthophora spicifera worldwide distribution from GISD (ISSG)
Worldwide distribution information about Acanthophora spicifera is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Books

Hawaiian Reef Plants
Huisman, John M., Isabella A. Abbott, and Celia M. Smith. 2007. Hawaiian Reef Plants. A publication of the University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program. Report no. UNIHI-SEAGRANT-BA-03-02. ISBN: 1-929054-04-1.


Experts

Acanthophora spicifera contacts from GISD (ISSG)
Contact information for experts on Acanthophora spicifera as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


Other resources

Acanthophora spicifera references from GISD (ISSG)
References regarding Acanthophora spicifera as an invasive species is provided from the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). GISD was created and is maintained by IUCN's Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).


PDF icon Some documents posted on the HEAR website are in Adobe Acrobat PDF format. If your computer is not already set up to read these files, you can download the FREE Adobe Acrobat reader. You can set up most web browsers to automatically invoke this reader (as a "helper application" or "add-in") upon encountering documents of this type (refer to your browser's documentation for how to do this). download Acrobat reader


The Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR) is currently funded by grants from the Hau'oli Mau Loa Foundation and the U.S. Forest Service with support from PCSU (UH Manoa). Historically, HEAR has also received funding and/or support from the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) of the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII), PIERC (USGS), the USFWS, HCSU (UH Hilo), and HALE (NPS).

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