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Gardner, D. E. 1984. Kikuyugrass rust caused by Phakopsora apoda in Hawaii. Plant Disease 68:826.
ABSTRACT
Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov) is the most widely used pasture grass in Hawaii. Because of its ability to spread and compete aggressively, this perennial species is also an important noxious weed where it has escaped to natural areas. Kikuyugrass is infected with a rust fungus identified as Phakopsora apoda (Har. & Pat.) Mains on the basis of uredinial characteristics, including apically thickened paraphyses, and occurrence on a Pennisetum host. No spore states other than the uredinial have been observed in Hawaii. The disease is widely distributed throughout the islands. Symptoms occur mostly on lower leaves, and infection appears to be enhanced by cool, wet weather and shady conditions. Symptom expression can vary from severe in the shade to mild in full sun only a few meters away. Severe infection causes chlorosis and necrosis, especially of distal leaf portions. Rust material has been deposited at the Arthur herbarium.

FULL TEXT
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HOSTS
Pennisetum clandestinum - Kikuyu grass

PATHOGENS
Phakopsora apoda - Phakopsora

RELEVANT TO BIOCONTROL
No.

KEY WORDS
Pennisetum clandestinum, Phakopsora apoda, Kikuyugrass.

IMAGES
10_103 -- Phakopsora apoda on Kikuygrass, Maui 10_103 - Phakopsora apoda on Kikuygrass, Maui
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
10_104 -- Phakopsora apoda on Kikuygrass, Maui 10_104 - Phakopsora apoda on Kikuygrass, Maui
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
18_109 -- Kikuyugrass rust urediniospores from Lanai (Phakopsora apoda) 18_109 - Kikuyugrass rust urediniospores from Lanai (Phakopsora apoda)
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
18_110 -- Kikuyugrass rust urediniospores from Lanai (Phakopsora apoda) 18_110 - Kikuyugrass rust urediniospores from Lanai (Phakopsora apoda)
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
18_111 -- Paraphyses of Kikuyugrass rust, Phakopsora apoda 18_111 - Paraphyses of Kikuyugrass rust, Phakopsora apoda
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
18_113 -- Kuehneola uredinis urediniospores from Rubus penetrans 18_113 - Kuehneola uredinis urediniospores from Rubus penetrans
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus

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