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Anderson, R. C., and D. E. Gardner. 2000. Efficacy and plant response to Ralstonia solanacearum, a potential bioherbicide for control of kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum). Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. 4 - 14 July 1999; Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana. P. 131.
ABSTRACT
Ralstonia solancearum was tested for its efficacy as a bioherbicide for the alien Kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianllm) in Hawaiian forests, This weed was inoculated with an aqueous suspension (I x 106cells/ml) of the ginger-infecting strain of the bacterium. Combined with an organosilicone surfactant, in 10 x 10 m2 plots in heavily invaded Metrosideros wet forests of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. Treatments consisted of spraying mechanically wounded and non-wounded rhizome mounds and shoots in both winter and summer. Controls were wounded only. In addition, half of the wound treatments received a second application of the potential bioherbicide on regrowth after 6-8 weeks. No infections were observed in non-wound treatments. In the wound treatments. both rhizome and stem infections were observed in both the surfactant and non-surfactant based inoculum within 6-8 weeks. Shoot symptoms included interveinal chlorosis, water soaking. and epinasty. Rhizome symptoms included water soaking and decay of infected tissues. Seedlings germinating in treatment plots were also affected by the bacterium, causing death and stunting. Following inoculation, the number of stems produced on rhizome mounds varied within treatments. Some mounds had no regrowth, while others resprouted similarly to the non-treated controls. Many surviving shoots were much reduced in height and failed to mature or flower. Average infection rates of emerging shoots following the second application with and without surfactant were 35% and 2%, respectively. Although treatment responses were inconsistent, preliminary results suggest that effective control of kahili ginger can bea ccomplishedusing R. solanacearum as a bioherbicide with limited wounding assistance to enhance spread of the bacterium and build up inoculum levels in the soil. The use of R. solanacearum as a bioherbicide is a possible alternative to existing control strategies that are not practical on a large scale. However, application in areas where water runoff could occur to commercial edible ginger (Zingiber officianale) plantings should be avoided.

FULL TEXT
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HOSTS
Hedychium gardnerianum - Kahili ginger

PATHOGENS
Ralstonia solanacearum - Ralstonia

RELEVANT TO BIOCONTROL
Yes.

KEY WORDS
Hedychium gardneranium, Ralstonia solancearum.

IMAGES
14_036 -- kahili ginger with bacterial wilt 10 weeks after inoculation 14_036 - kahili ginger with bacterial wilt 10 weeks after inoculation
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
14_037 -- treated cut ginger 10 months after inoculation 14_037 - treated cut ginger 10 months after inoculation
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
14_075 -- kahili ginger 14_075 - kahili ginger
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
24_087 -- wall poster, St. John 4th floor 24_087 - wall poster, St. John 4th floor
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
42_074 -- lab 42_074 - lab
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
42_075 -- lab 42_075 - lab
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
42_076 -- lab 42_076 - lab
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus

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