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Anderson, R. C., and D. E. Gardner. 1997. Biological control of the alien weed kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum) in Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park. Abstracts of the 1997 Hawaii Conservation Conference, Maui. 11
ABSTRACT
Kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum) is an aggressive, shade tolerant, alien weed invading native habitats in Hawai'i. It can form monotypic stands 2 to 2.5 meters high under dense canopies in intact rain forests and is naturalized in 'ohi'a (Metrosideros polymorpha)forests and open areas in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO). Attempts at mechanical and chemical control were neither cost-effective nor environmentally safe. In biocontrol investigations, an isolate of the wilt-causing bacterium Pseudomona ssolanacearum thought to be specific to ginger was considered. This pathogen, when cultured on a selective medium, under optimal temperature, is easily grown in the laboratory. Greenhouse host range testing on native and ornamental species including representatives of the Solanaceae, and other invasive ginger species (e.g., white ginger, H. coronarium)indicated that this bacterium is specific to kahili ginger. In 2 X 2 meter plots in 'ohi'a forests near the HAVO research center, pseudostems were removed with a machete. Rhizomes were allowed to produce new pseudostems 40 to 50 centimeters tall and were inoculated by injecting bacterial water suspensions into the pseudostems. Controls were treated similarly with water alone. Also, bacterial suspension was introduced directly into rhizome tissue with a Hypohatchet. Results indicate that systemic infection becomes evident in 2 to 3 months, after which rot slowly consumes the host, advancing at a rate of 2 to 5 centimeters per month during summer months. Infection is not reversible and rhizomes eventually disintegrate into the soil. No adverse effects have been observed on non-target native species, and seedlings of'ohi'a, pilo (Coprosma ochracea), and kawa'u (Ilex anomala)are growing in decaying rhizomes. Current research focuses on refining application methods and expanding host range tests.

FULL TEXT
Full text not available for this publication.

HOSTS
Hedychium gardnerianum - Kahili ginger

PATHOGENS
No pathogen information available for this publication.


RELEVANT TO BIOCONTROL
Yes.

KEY WORDS
Hedychium gardneranium.

IMAGES
03_004 -- Gymnoconia nitens on Rubus macraei in quarantine 03_004 - Gymnoconia nitens on Rubus macraei in quarantine
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
03_007 -- Gymnoconia nitens on Rubus argutus in quarantine 03_007 - Gymnoconia nitens on Rubus argutus in quarantine
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
03_042 -- Gymnoconia nitens study 03_042 - Gymnoconia nitens study
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
03_043 -- Gymnoconia nitens study 03_043 - Gymnoconia nitens study
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
03_059 -- Gymnoconia nitens study 03_059 - Gymnoconia nitens study
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
03_060 -- Gymnoconia nitens study 03_060 - Gymnoconia nitens study
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
03_061 -- Gymnoconia nitens study 03_061 - Gymnoconia nitens study
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
03_062 -- Gymnoconia nitens study 03_062 - Gymnoconia nitens study
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
03_063 -- Gymnoconia nitens study 03_063 - Gymnoconia nitens study
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
03_064 -- Gymnoconia nitens study 03_064 - Gymnoconia nitens study
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
03_065 -- Gymnoconia nitens study 03_065 - Gymnoconia nitens study
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
03_066 -- Gymnoconia nitens study 03_066 - Gymnoconia nitens study
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
03_067 -- Gymnoconia nitens study 03_067 - Gymnoconia nitens study
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
03_068 -- Gymnoconia nitens study 03_068 - Gymnoconia nitens study
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
03_069 -- Gymnoconia nitens study 03_069 - Gymnoconia nitens study
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
03_070 -- Gymnoconia nitens study 03_070 - Gymnoconia nitens study
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
05_004 -- Rubus macraei 05_004 - Rubus macraei
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
05_008 -- Rubus hawaiensis in North Carolina 05_008 - Rubus hawaiensis in North Carolina
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
05_015 -- inoculating Rubus hawaiensis 05_015 - inoculating Rubus hawaiensis
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
05_065 -- Rubus ellipticus, R. glaucus, R. hawaiensis behind R. macraei 05_065 - Rubus ellipticus, R. glaucus, R. hawaiensis behind R. macraei
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
05_066 -- Rubus hawaiensis, Rubus ellipticus at N.C. State 05_066 - Rubus hawaiensis, Rubus ellipticus at N.C. State
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
05_067 -- Rubus penetrans 05_067 - Rubus penetrans
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
05_068 -- Rubus rosifolius 05_068 - Rubus rosifolius
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
05_069 -- Rubus ellipticus, Rubus macraei, Rubus glaucus 05_069 - Rubus ellipticus, Rubus macraei, Rubus glaucus
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
05_070 -- Rubus ellipticus, Rubus glaucus 05_070 - Rubus ellipticus, Rubus glaucus
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_025 -- Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus argutus from Hawaii 07_025 - Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus argutus from Hawaii
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_026 -- Gymnoconia nitens - inoculated Rubus hawaiiensis 07_026 - Gymnoconia nitens - inoculated Rubus hawaiiensis
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_027 -- Gymnoconia mitens - infected Rubus macraei 07_027 - Gymnoconia mitens - infected Rubus macraei
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_028 -- Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus argutus from Hawaii 07_028 - Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus argutus from Hawaii
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_029 -- sporulation of Gymnoconia nitens the spring following inoculation and cold treatment 07_029 - sporulation of Gymnoconia nitens the spring following inoculation and cold treatment
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_030 -- Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus macraei 07_030 - Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus macraei
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_031 -- Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus argutus from Hawaii 07_031 - Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus argutus from Hawaii
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_032 -- Gymnoconia nitens - inoculated Rubus hawaiensis 07_032 - Gymnoconia nitens - inoculated Rubus hawaiensis
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_033 -- Gymnoconia nitens - inoculated Rubus macraei 07_033 - Gymnoconia nitens - inoculated Rubus macraei
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_034 -- Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus argutus from Hawaii 07_034 - Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus argutus from Hawaii
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_035 -- Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus argutus from Hawaii 07_035 - Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus argutus from Hawaii
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_036 -- stem lesions on Gymnoconia nitens - inoculated Rubus hawaiiensis 07_036 - stem lesions on Gymnoconia nitens - inoculated Rubus hawaiiensis
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_037 -- hyphae of Gymnoconia nitens in infected stem tissue of Rubus argutus 07_037 - hyphae of Gymnoconia nitens in infected stem tissue of Rubus argutus
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_038 -- Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus argutus from Hawaii 07_038 - Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus argutus from Hawaii
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_039 -- Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus argutus from Hawaii 07_039 - Gymnoconia nitens - infected Rubus argutus from Hawaii
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_040 -- Gymnoconia nitens - inoculated Rubus macraei 07_040 - Gymnoconia nitens - inoculated Rubus macraei
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
07_041 -- hyphae of Gymnoconia nitens in infected stem tissue of Rubus argutus 07_041 - hyphae of Gymnoconia nitens in infected stem tissue of Rubus argutus
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
13_004 -- young Rubus in UH greenhouse 13_004 - young Rubus in UH greenhouse
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
13_005 -- young Rubus in UH greenhouse 13_005 - young Rubus in UH greenhouse
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
13_006 -- young Rubus in UH greenhouse 13_006 - young Rubus in UH greenhouse
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
13_007 -- Hawaiian Rubus argutus 13_007 - Hawaiian Rubus argutus
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
13_008 -- Hawaiian Rubus argutus 13_008 - Hawaiian Rubus argutus
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
13_009 -- Rubus macraei, R. spectabilis, R. hawaiensis cuttings 13_009 - Rubus macraei, R. spectabilis, R. hawaiensis cuttings
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
13_010 -- Rubus macraei, R. spectabilis, R. hawaiensis cuttings 13_010 - Rubus macraei, R. spectabilis, R. hawaiensis cuttings
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
13_011 -- Rubus macraei, R. spectabilis, R. hawaiensis cuttings 13_011 - Rubus macraei, R. spectabilis, R. hawaiensis cuttings
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
13_012 -- Rubus penetrans (argutus) 13_012 - Rubus penetrans (argutus)
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
14_075 -- kahili ginger 14_075 - kahili ginger
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
24_087 -- wall poster, St. John 4th floor 24_087 - wall poster, St. John 4th floor
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
27_073 -- Gymnoconia nitens basidium 27_073 - Gymnoconia nitens basidium
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
27_074 -- Gymnoconia nitens basidium 27_074 - Gymnoconia nitens basidium
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus

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