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Gardner, D. E. 1997. Acacia koa: A review of its diseases and associated fungi. L. Ferentinos and D. O. Evans (editors); Proceedings of Koa: A Decade of Growth. Symposium of The Hawai`i Forest Industry Association, November 18-19, 1996; Honolulu, Hawai`i. Pp. 56-63 in:

ABSTRACT
Acacia koa (koa), among the most prominent overstory species of native Hawaiian forests, is affected by a number of diseases, including those caused by rust fungi, wood-rotting fungi, root-infecting fungi, and diseases categorized as seedling blights, foliar infections, and vascular wilts. A number of fungi occuring saprophytically on koa substrates are also known. Symptoms of other apparent diseases and disorders of unknown origin, or whose cause has not been clearly demonstrated, are often manifest as leaf spots or other foliar abnormalities. Endemic pathogens which have evolved with their host may be responsible for many of the heretofore observed disease conditions, and as such usually do not threaten koa populations. However, a condition tentatively referred to as "koa decline" may represent an exception. This condition is characterized by slow to rapid wilt and death of apparently healthy, vigorous trees of all ages, occurring in more or less well defined disease centers. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in upper-elevation koa forests on the slopes of Mauna Loa on the island of Hawai'i. Other apparent decline problems on O'ahu and elsewhere in the Islands have been reported, some associated with insects. The relationship of these observations to the koa decline on the Big Island has yet to be determined, and the question as to whether "koa decline" represents a complex of disease conditions or can be more closely attributed to a single, specific cause requires further study.

FULL TEXT
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HOSTS
Acacia koa - Koa

PATHOGENS
various sp.

RELEVANT TO BIOCONTROL
No.

KEY WORDS
Acacia koa, various.

IMAGES
02_103 -- Verticillium-like fungus from wilted Koa in HAVO, 14-day old PDA culture 02_103 - Verticillium-like fungus from wilted Koa in HAVO, 14-day old PDA culture
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
02_104 -- Verticillium-like fungus from wilted Koa in HAVO, 14-day old PDA culture 02_104 - Verticillium-like fungus from wilted Koa in HAVO, 14-day old PDA culture
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
02_105 -- koa leaf spot from Maui caused by Alternaria alternata 02_105 - koa leaf spot from Maui caused by Alternaria alternata
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
08_007 -- Ganoderma applanata on koa, Kokee kauai 08_007 - Ganoderma applanata on koa, Kokee kauai
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
14_095 -- IMAGE MISSING (NOT FOUND WITH OTHERS) 14_095 - IMAGE MISSING (NOT FOUND WITH OTHERS)
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
15_105 -- Verticillium-like fungus from wilting Koa 15_105 - Verticillium-like fungus from wilting Koa
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
27_110 -- reaction caused by inoculation of healthy koa tree with wood plugs from diseased wood on March 12 27_110 - reaction caused by inoculation of healthy koa tree with wood plugs from diseased wood on March 12
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus


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