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Gardner, D. E., C. W. Smith, and G. P. Markin. 1995. Biological control of alien plants in natural areas of Hawaii. E. S. Delfosse and R. R. Scott, (eds.). Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, 2-7 February 1992, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand. DSIR/CSIRO, Melbourne. 35-40
ABSTRACT
Habitat disruption by alien species in Hawaii's the most serious management problem of natural areas. Weed control is therefore essential for their preservation. Although some agricultural biological control programs also meet the needs of natural areas, some have been detrimental. An interagency steering committee for control of forest pests has been formed to address needs of natural areas, and conservation agencies are taking initiative in conducting biological control research. As an example of this commitment, the U.S. National Park Service has established in Hawaii a certified containment facility for foreign insects specifically for biological control research in natural areas. Rather than control of individual species in highly modified agricultural systems, biological control in native systems seeks to preserve the integrity of the system itself. Success is measured in ecological, rather than economic terms. Conflicting interests with ornamental species such as gingers, and desirable plants closely related to forest weeds severely limit the number of aliens considered for biological control. Several grasses are serious forest weeds, but cannot be targeted because of their relationship to sugarcane. Whereas restoration of disturbed native systems may be difficult in island systems, biological control may be of most value in preventing spread of aggressive aliens into pristine areas. Research is underway against Myrica faya, Passiflora mollissima, Rubus argutus, Ulex europaeus, Psidium cattleianum, Clidemia hirta, with Rubus ellipticus and possibly Tibouchinaherbacea targets for the near future.

FULL TEXT
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HOSTS
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PATHOGENS
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RELEVANT TO BIOCONTROL
Yes.

KEY WORDS
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IMAGES
24_082 -- poster - biological control of alien plants in natural areas of Hawaii 24_082 - poster - biological control of alien plants in natural areas of Hawaii
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_035 -- posters 36_035 - posters
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_036 -- building 36_036 - building
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_037 -- pines in mountains 36_037 - pines in mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_038 -- pines in mountains 36_038 - pines in mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_039 -- pines in mountains 36_039 - pines in mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_040 -- pines in mountains 36_040 - pines in mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_041 -- pines in mountains 36_041 - pines in mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_042 -- pines in mountains 36_042 - pines in mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_043 -- sheep in pasture 36_043 - sheep in pasture
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_044 -- line of trees 36_044 - line of trees
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_045 -- forest with people and shack 36_045 - forest with people and shack
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_046 -- landscape with pines 36_046 - landscape with pines
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_047 -- landscape with pines 36_047 - landscape with pines
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_048 -- landscape with pines 36_048 - landscape with pines
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_049 -- landscape 36_049 - landscape
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_050 -- pines in mountains 36_050 - pines in mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_051 -- pines in mountains 36_051 - pines in mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_052 -- pines in mountains 36_052 - pines in mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_053 -- pines in mountains 36_053 - pines in mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_054 -- mountains 36_054 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_055 -- mountains 36_055 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_056 -- mountains 36_056 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_057 -- mountains 36_057 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_058 -- mountains 36_058 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_059 -- mountains 36_059 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_060 -- mountains 36_060 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_061 -- mountains 36_061 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_062 -- mountains 36_062 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_064 -- mountains 36_064 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_065 -- mountains 36_065 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_066 -- mountains 36_066 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_067 -- mountains 36_067 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_068 -- mountains 36_068 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_069 -- mountains 36_069 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_070 -- mountains 36_070 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_071 -- forest 36_071 - forest
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_072 -- landscape 36_072 - landscape
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_073 -- pines in mountains 36_073 - pines in mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_074 -- people in pastoral landscape 36_074 - people in pastoral landscape
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_075 -- pastoral landscape 36_075 - pastoral landscape
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_076 -- people by car in pastoral landscape 36_076 - people by car in pastoral landscape
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_077 -- people by car in pastoral landscape 36_077 - people by car in pastoral landscape
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_079 -- people by car in pastoral landscape 36_079 - people by car in pastoral landscape
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_080 -- nodding thistle (Carduus nutans), Geordie Hills station, N.Z. 36_080 - nodding thistle (Carduus nutans), Geordie Hills station, N.Z.
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_081 -- river 36_081 - river
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_082 -- thistle 36_082 - thistle
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_083 -- thistle 36_083 - thistle
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_084 -- thistle 36_084 - thistle
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_085 -- people in landscape 36_085 - people in landscape
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_086 -- gorse mite release site 36_086 - gorse mite release site
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_087 -- mountains 36_087 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_088 -- mountains 36_088 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_089 -- mountains 36_089 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_090 -- mountains 36_090 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_091 -- mountains 36_091 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_092 -- mountains 36_092 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_094 -- mountains 36_094 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_095 -- mountains 36_095 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_096 -- mountains 36_096 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_097 -- mountains 36_097 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_098 -- mountains 36_098 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_099 -- mountains 36_099 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_100 -- mountains 36_100 - mountains
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
36_101 -- webbing of released gorse mite, Rangitata River, New Zealand 36_101 - webbing of released gorse mite, Rangitata River, New Zealand
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
37_001 -- webbing of released gorse mite, Rangitata River, New Zealand 37_001 - webbing of released gorse mite, Rangitata River, New Zealand
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus
37_002 -- webbing of released gorse mite, Rangitata River, New Zealand 37_002 - webbing of released gorse mite, Rangitata River, New Zealand
PATHOGEN: Aspergillus melleus

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