risk assessments

Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)

Risk Assessments
Risk assessments for species beginning with the letters "L" and "M":

Information on Risk Assessments

Scientific Name Family Common name Risk assessment Country or Area Score Recommendation

Lablab purpureus Fabaceae hyacinth bean Assessment Australia 5 evaluate

Laccospadix australasica Aracaceae Atherton palm Assessment Pacific 1 evaluate

Lagenaria siceraria

Cucurbitaceae

bottle gourd

Assessment

Pacific

0

low risk

Lagerstroemia indica Lythraceae crape myrtle Assessment Pacific 6 low risk*

Lagerstroemia indica x L. fauriei Lythraceae crepe myrtle hybrid Assessment Pacific 4 low risk*

Lagerstroemia speciosa

Lythraceae

queen's crape myrtle

Assessment

Pacific

-4

low risk

Lagerstroemia tomentosa Lythraceae leza wood Assessment Pacific -2 low risk

Lagunaria patersonia Malvaceae Norfolk-hibiscus Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Lagurus ovatus Poaceae hare's tail grass Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Lamarckia aurea Poaceae goldentop grass Assessment Pacific 11 high risk

Lamium amplexicaule Lamiaceae henbit Assessment U.S. (Florida) 18 reject

Lansium domesticum Meliaceae langsat Assessment Pacific 0 low risk

Lantana camara Verbenaceae lantana Assessment Pacific 32 high risk

Lantana montevidensis

Verbenaceae

trailing lantana

Assessment

Pacific

16

high risk

Laportea aestuans Urticaceae West Indian-nettle Assessment Pacific 10 high risk

Latania loddigesii
Arecaceae
blue Latan palm

Assessment

Pacific

-8

low risk

Laurus nobilis Lauraceae bay laurel Assessment Pacific 6 evaluate

Lavandula dentata Lamiaceae French lavender Assessment Pacific 1 low risk*

Lavandula x intermedia Lamiaceae Dutch lavender Assessment Pacific -6 low risk

Lavatera maritima Malvaceae tree mallow Assessment Pacific -6 low risk

Lawsonia inermis Lythraceae henna Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate

Lebronnecia kokioides Malvaceae Assessment Pacific -2 low risk

Lecythis zabucajo Lecythidaceae monkeynut Assessment Pacific -4 low risk

Leea guineensis

Leeaceae

Hawaiian holly

Assessment

Pacific

-1

low risk

Leonotis nepetifolia Lamiaceae lion's tail Assessment Australia 13 reject

Leonotis nepetifolia Lamiaceae lion's tail Assessment Pacific 19 high risk

Leonotis nepetifolia Lamiaceae lion's tail Assessment U.S. (Florida) 14 reject

Leonurus japonicus Lamiaceae honeyweed Assessment Australia 9 reject

Lepidium africanum Brassicaceae African pepperwort Assessment Pacific 10 high risk

Lepidium ruderale Brassicaceae peppergrass Assessment Australia 16 reject

Lepidium virginicum Brassicaceae Virginia peppeerweed Assessment Pacific 17 high risk

Leptochloa panicea Poaceae red sprangletop Assessment Pacific 12 high risk

Leptospermum laevigatum Myrtaceae Australian teatree Assessment Pacific 11 high risk

Leptospermum scoparium Myrtaceae New Zealand tea Assessment Pacific 20 high risk

Lespedeza cuneata

Fabaceae

Chinese lespedeza

Assessment

Pacific

17

high risk

Lespedeza liukiuensis Fabaceae little volcano bush clover Assessment U.S. (Florida) 5 evaluate

Leucaena leucocephala Fabaceae leucaena Assessment Australia 11 reject

Leucaena leucocephala Fabaceae leucaena Assessment Pacific 15 high risk

Leucaena leucocephala Fabaceae leucaena Assessment US. 21 reject

Leucaena leucocephala Fabaceae leucaena Assessment U.S. (Florida) 21 reject

Leucaena leucocephala cv. 'KX2-Hawaii' Fabaceae leucaena Assessment Pacific 3 evaluate

Leucaena leucocephala cv. 'Wondergraze' Fabaceae leucaena Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Leucaena leucocephala var. 'Tarramba' Fabaceae var. 'Tarramba' Assessment Pacific 10 high risk

Leucophyllum frutescens

Scrophulariaceae

Texas ranger

Assessment

Pacific

-3

low risk

Leucospermum bolusii Proteaceae Gordon's Bay pincushion Assessment Pacific -4 low risk

Leycesteria formosa Caprifoliaceae Himalayan honeysuckle Assessment Pacific 18 high risk

Ligustrum japonicum Oleaceae privet Assessment Pacific 6 evaluate

Ligustrum lucidum Oleaceae glossy privet Assessment Australia 11 reject

Ligustrum lucidum Oleaceae glossy privet Assessment Pacific 6 evaluate

Ligustrum sinense Oleaceae Chinese privet Assessment Pacific 11 high risk

Licania platypus Chrysobalanaceae monkey apple Assessment Pacific -1 low risk

Licuala grandis Aracaceae ruffled fan palm Assessment Pacific 6 evaluate

Linaria dalmatica Plantaginaceae Dalmatian toadflax Assessment Pacific 17 high risk

Linaria purpurea Plantaginaceae purple toadflax Assessment Pacific 1 high risk*

Linum usitatissimum Linaceae flax Assessment Pacific 9.5 high risk

Liriodendron tulipifera Magnoliaceae tulip poplar Assessment Pacific 2 evaluate

Liriope muscari

Liliaceae

lilyturf

Assessment

Pacific

4.5

low risk*

Liriope muscari Liliaceae lilyturf Assessment U.S. (Florida) 7 reject

Liriope spicata Liliaceae creeping lilyturf Assessment Pacific 7.5 high risk

Livistonia australis Arecaceae Australian fan palm Assessment Pacific 3 evaluate

Litchi chinensis

Sapindaceae

lychee

Assessment

Pacific

-6

low risk

Litchi chinensis Sapindaceae lychee Assessment U.S. (Florida) -7 accept

Livistona chinensis Arecaceae Chinese fan palm Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate

Livistona concinna Arecaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) -3 accept

Livistona rotundifolia
Arecaceae
footstool palm

Assessment

Pacific

-1

low risk

Livistona saribus Arecaceae taraw palm
Assessment
Pacific 6 evaluate

Lobularia maritma Brassicaceae sweet alyssum Assessment Pacific 8 high risk

Lolium multiflorum Poaceae Italian ryegrass Assessment Pacific 9 high risk

Lomandra longifolia 'tanika' Laxmanniaceae fine leaf lomandra Assessment Pacific 1 low risk*

Lonicera x heckrottii

Caprifoliaceae

goldflame honeysuckle

Assessment

Pacific

-5

low risk

Lonicera x heckrottii Caprifoliaceae goldflame honeysuckle Assessment U.S. (Florida) -1 accept

Lonicera japonica

Caprifoliaceae

Japanese honeysuckle

Assessment

Pacific

12

high risk

Lonicera japonica Caprifoliaceae Japanese honeysuckle Assessment U.S. (Florida) 19 reject

Lophanthera lactescens Malpighiaceae golden chain tree Assessment Pacific 0 low risk

Lophospermum erubescens Myrtaceae creeping gloxinia Assessment Pacific 10 high risk

Lophospermum scandens Plantaginaceae twining snapdrago Assessment Pacific -2 low risk

Lophostemon confertus Myrtaceae Brisbane box Assessment Pacific -3 low risk

Lotus berthelotii

Fabaceae

parrot's beak

Assessment

Pacific

-1

low risk

Loxostylis alata Anacardiaaceae tiger wood Assessment U.S. (Florida) 0 accept

Ludwigia peruviana Onagraceae Peruvian primrose Assessment Australia 10 reject

Luma apiculata Myrtaceae Chilean myrtle Assessment Pacific 0 low risk

Lupinus albifrons Fabaceae silver lupine Assessment Pacific 5.5 evaluate

Luzula nivea Juncaceae snowy wood rush Assessment Pacific 4 low risk*

Luzula sylvatica Juncaceae greater woodrush Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Lycium barbarum Solanaceae goji berry, matrimony vine Assessment Pacific 12 high risk

Lycium chinense Solanaceae Chinese wolfberry Assessment Pacific 8 high risk

Lygodium japonicum Schizaeaceae Japanese climbing fern Assessment Pacific 23 high risk

Lygodium japonicum Schizaeaceae Japanese climbing fern Assessment U.S. (Florida) 25 reject

Lygodium japonicum Schizaeaceae Japanese climbing fern Assessment United States moderate to moderate-high

Lygodium microphyllum Schizaeaceae Old World climbing fern Assessment U.S. (Florida) 15 reject

Lygodium microphyllum Schizaeaceae Old World climbing fern Assessment United States moderate to moderate-high

Lysiloma latisiliquum Fabaceae wild tamarind Assessment Pacific 2 low risk*

Lysiloma watsonii

Fabaceae

lysiloma

Assessment

Pacific

-5

low risk

Lysimachia fortunei Primulaceae lysimachia Assessment Pacific 8 high risk

Macadamia integrifolia Proteaceae macadamia Assessment Pacific -1 low risk

Macaranga mappa Euphorbiaceae bingabing Assessment Pacific 11 high risk

Macaranga tanarius Euphorbiaceae parasol leaf tree Assessment Pacific 12 high risk

Macfadyena unguis-cati Bignoniaceae cat's claw climber Assessment Pacific 17 high risk

Maclura pomifera Moraceae osage-orange Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate

Macroptilium atropurpureum Fabaceae siratro Assessment Australia 7 reject

Macroptilium atropurpureum Fabaceae siratro Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Macroptilium bracteatum Fabaceae burgundy bean Assessment Pacific -1 low risk

Macroptilium lathyroides Fabaceae phasey bean Assessment Australia 6 reject

Macrotyloma axillare Fabaceae perennial horsegram Assessment Pacific 10 high risk

Maesopsis eminii Rhamnaceae umbrella tree Assessment Pacific 8 high risk

Magnolia grandiflora

Magnoliaceae

southern magnolia

Assessment

Pacific

0

low risk

Majidea zanquebarica Sapindaceae black pearl tree Assessment Pacific -3 low risk

Malpighia glabra Malpighiaceae wild crapemyrtle Assessment Pacific -5 low risk

Malvastrum coromandelianum Malvaceae threelobe false mallow Assessment U.S. (Florida) 8 reject

Malvaviscus penduliflorus

Malvaceae

Turk's cap

Assessment

Pacific

-9

low risk

Malvaviscus penduliflorus Malvaceae mazapan Assessment U.S. (Florida) -5 accept

Mammea americana Clusiaceae mammy-apple Assessment Pacific -1 low risk

Mandevilla x amabilis

Apocynaceae

pink allamanda hybrid

Assessment

Pacific

-11

low risk

Mandevilla boliviensis Apocynaceae white mandevilla Assessment Pacific 1 evaluate

Mandevilla sanderi Apocynaceae Shrub displadenia Assessment Pacific -2 low risk

Mangifera griffithii Anacardiaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) -3 accept

Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae mango Assessment Pacific 1 low risk*

Manicaria saccifera Arecaceae royal palm Assessment Pacific -1 low risk

Manihot esculenta

Euphorbiaceae

cassava

Assessment

Pacific

3

low risk*

Manihot glaziovii Euphorbiaceae Ceará rubber tree Assessment Pacific 8 high risk

Manilkara zapota Sapotaceae sapote Assessment Pacific 9 high risk

Manilkara zapota Sapotaceae sapote Assessment U.S. (Florida) 5 evaluate

Mansoa alliaceum

Bignoniaceae

garlic vine

Assessment

Pacific

0

low risk

Mansoa hymenaea

Bignoniaceae

membranous garlic vine

Assessment

Pacific

0

low risk

Mapania baldwinii Cyperaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) -2 accept

Marrubium vulgare Lamiaceae common horehound Assessment Australia 15 reject

Massularia acuminata Rubiaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) -2 accept

Matisia cordata Malvaceae sapote Assessment Pacific -6 low risk

Maurandella antirrhiniflora Plantaginaceae twining foxglove Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate

Medicago polymorpha Fabaceae bur clover Assessment U.S. (Florida) 11 reject

Medinilla cumingii Melastomataceae chandelier tree Assessment Pacific 6 evaluate

Medinilla heterophylla Melastomataceae Assessment Pacific 9 high risk

Medinilla magnifica

Melastomataceae

Malaysian orchid

Assessment

Pacific

8

high risk

Medinilla scortechinii Melastomataceae medinilla Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate

Meehania montis-koyae Lamiaceae Meehan's mint Assessment U.S. (Florida) -2 accept

Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Acanthaceae red cloak Assessment Pacific 6 high risk*

Melaleuca bracteata Myrtaceae river tea-tree Assessment Pacific 10 high risk

Melaleuca diosmifolia Myrtaceae green honey-myrtle Assessment Pacific 14 high risk

Melaleuca incana var. protrata Myrtaceae prostrate gray honey myrtle Assessment Pacific 0 low risk

Melaleuca leucadendra Myrtaceae braodleaved paperback Assessment Pacific -1 low risk

Melaleuca nesophila Myrtaceae mauve honey-myrtle Assessment Pacific 8 high risk

Melaleuca quinquenervia Myrtaceae paper bark tree Assessment Pacific 15 high risk

Melaleuca quinquenervia Myrtaceae paper bark tree Assessment U.S. (Florida) 20 reject

Melaleuca styphelioides Myrtaceae prickly-leaf teatree Assessment Pacific -2 low risk

Melastoma candidum

Melastomataceae

Indian rhododendron

Assessment

Pacific

13

high risk

Melastoma sanguineum Melastomataceae red melastome Assessment Pacific 11 high risk

Melia azedarach Meliaceae Chinaberry Assessment Pacific 14 high risk

Melica transsilvanica Poaceae red spire Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Melicoccus bijugatus Sapindaceae Spanish lime Assessment Pacific 4 evaluate

Melicope elleryana Rutaceae Saruwa Assessment Pacific 4 evaluate

Melinis minutiflora Poaceae molasses grass Assessment Australia 7 reject

Melinis minutiflora Poaceae molasses grass Assessment Pacific 18 high risk

Melinis nerviglumis Poaceae pink chrystals Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Melochia corchorifolia Sterculiaceae redweed Assessment U.S. (Florida) 10 reject

Melochia umbellata Sterculiaceae melochia Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Merremia peltata Convolvulaceae merremia Assessment Pacific 18 high risk

Merremia quinquefolia Convolvulaceae rock rosemary Assessment U.S. (Florida) 8 reject

Merremia tuberosa Convolvulaceae wood rose Assessment Pacific 12 high risk

Mesua ferrea Calophyllaceae Ceylon iron wood Assessment Pacific -1 low risk

Metrosideros collina Myrtaceae vunga Assessment Pacific 3 evaluate

Metrosideros excelsa Myrtaceae New Zealand christmas tree Assessment Pacific 6.5 high risk

Metrosideros kermadecensis Myrtaceae Kermadec pohutukawa Assessment Pacific 3 evaluate

Metroxylon amicarum Arecaceae Caroline ivory nut palm
Assessment

Pacific

0

low risk

Michelia x alba Magnoliaceae white champaca
Assessment

Pacific

-6

low risk

Michelia champaca Magnoliaceae orange champaca
Assessment

Pacific

-5

low risk

Michelia figo Magnoliaceae banana shrub
Assessment

Pacific

-5

low risk

Miconia calvescens Melastomataceae miconia Assessment Pacific 14 high risk

Microsorum musifolium Polypodiaceae crocodile fern Assessment Pacific 5 low risk*

Mikania micrantha Asteraeae mile-a-minute weed Assessment Pacific 25 high risk

Mimosa diplotricha Fabaceae giant sensitive plant Assessment Australia 16 reject

Mimosa diplotricha Fabaceae giant sensitive plant Assessment Pacific 24 high risk

Mimosa pigra Fabaceae catclaw mimosa Assessment Australia 23 reject

Mimosa pigra Fabaceae catclaw mimosa Assessment Pacific 25 high risk

Mimosa pigra Fabaceae catclaw mimosa Assessment U.S. (Florida) 27 reject

Mimosa pudica Fabaceae sensitive plant Assessment Australia 18 reject

Mimosa pudica Fabaceae sensitive plant Assessment U.S. (Florida) 17 reject

Mimosa tenuiflora Fabaceae jurema Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Mimusops caffra Sapotaceae coastal red milkwood Assessment Pacific 2 evaluate

Minquartia guianensis Olacaceae black manwood Assessment Pacific -1 low risk

Mirabilis jalapa Nyctaginaceae marvel of Peru Assessment Pacific 15 high risk

Miscanthus floridulus

Poaceae

giant miscanthus

Assessment

Pacific

18

high risk**

Miscanthus x giganteus Poaceae Assessment U.S. -9 accept

Miscanthus x giganteus Poaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) -8 accept

Miscanthus sinensis Poaceae Chinese silver grass Assessment U.S. (Florida) 14 reject

Mitragyna speciosa Rubiaceae kratom Assessment Pacific 0 low risk

Mollugo verticillata Molluginaceae carpetweed Assessment U.S. (Florida) 8 reject

Momordica charantia Cucurbitaceae bitter melon Assessment Pacific 13 high risk

Momordica charantia Cucurbitaceae balsam pear Assessment U.S. (Florida) 14 reject

Monodora junodii Annonaceae green apple Assessment Pacific -5 low risk

Monstera deliciosa

Araceae

swiss-cheese plant

Assessment

Pacific

1

low risk*

Montanoa hibiscifolia Asteraceae tree daisy Assessment Pacific 13 high risk

Morella cerifera Myricaceae wax myrtle Assessment Pacific 20 high risk

Morella faya Myricaceae fayatree Assessment Pacific 17 high risk

Morinda citrifolia Rubiaceae noni Assessment Pacific 10 high risk**

Moringa oleifera Moringaceae horseradish tree Assessment Pacific 1 low risk*

Mucuna bennettii Fabaceae New Guinea creeper Assessment Pacific 2 low risk*

Mucuna bracteata Fabaceae Assessment Pacific 6 evaluate

Mucuna pruriens Fabaceae cow itch Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Muehlenbeckia platyclada Polygonaceae centipede plant Assessment Pacific 6 evaluate

Muhlenbergia capillaris Poaceae hairawn muhly Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate

Muhlenbergia rigens Poaceae deer grass Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Muntingia calabura Flacourtiaceae Jamaican cherry Assessment Pacific 12 high risk

Murraya paniculata Rutaceae orange jessamine Assessment Pacific 6 evaluate

Murraya paniculata Rutaceae orange jessamine Assessment U.S. (Florida) 7 reject

Musa acuminata Musaceae Cavendish banana
Assessment

Pacific

-11

low risk

Musa balbisiana Musaceae Japanese fiber banana Assessment Pacific -2 low risk

Musa sikkimensis Musaceae Darjeeling banana Assessment U.S. (Florida) 0 accept

Muscari tenuiflorum Hyacinthaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) 5 accept*

Mussaenda 'Dona Aurora' Rubiaceae Mussaenda 'Dona Aurora' Assessment Pacific -9 low risk

Mussaenda 'Dona Luz' Rubiaceae Mussaenda 'Dona Luz' Assessment Pacific -5 low risk

Mussaenda 'Dona Trining' Rubiaceae Mussaenda 'Dona Trining' Assessment Pacific -1 low risk

Mussaenda erythrophylla

Rubiaceae

red mussaenda

Assessment

Pacific

0

low risk

Mussaenda frondosa

Rubiaceae

flag bush

Assessment

Pacific

-4

low risk

Mussaenda philippica

Rubiaceae

white mussaenda

Assessment

Pacific

-3

low risk

Myoporum laetum Myoporaceae ngaio Assessment Pacific 6 evaluate

Myrcia dichasialis Myrtaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) -2 accept

Myrcianthes fragrans Myrtaceae Simpson stopper Assessment Pacific 0 low risk

Myrciaria cauliflora Myrtaceae jaboticaba Assessment Pacific -2 low risk

Myriophyllum aquaticum Haloragaceae Brazilian water milfoil Assessment Australia 20 reject

Myriophyllum aquaticum Haloragaceae Brazilian water milfoil Assessment Pacific 22 high risk

Myriophyllum spicatum Haloragaceae Eurasian water-milfoil Assessment U.S. (Florida) 25 reject

Myristica fragrans Myristicaceae nutmeg tree Assessment Pacific -1 low risk

Myroxylon balsamum Fabaceae balsam of Tolu Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Myrsine africana Myrsinaceae African boxwood Assessment Pacific -4 low risk

Myrtus communis Myrtaceae myrtle Assessment U.S. (Florida) 4 evaluate

*Accepted or rejected based on second screen.
**Native or early introduction in the Pacific region (excluding Hawai‘i).

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This page updated 22 March 2013

Scientific Name	Family	Common name	Risk assessment	Country or Area	Score	Recommendation
Lablab purpureus	Fabaceae	hyacinth bean	Assessment	Australia	5	evaluate
Laccospadix australasica	Aracaceae	Atherton palm	Assessment	Pacific	1	evaluate
*Lagenaria siceraria*	Cucurbitaceae	bottle gourd	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Lagerstroemia indica	Lythraceae	crape myrtle	Assessment	Pacific	6	low risk*
Lagerstroemia indica x L. fauriei	Lythraceae	crepe myrtle hybrid	Assessment	Pacific	4	low risk*
*Lagerstroemia speciosa*	Lythraceae	queen's crape myrtle	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
Lagerstroemia tomentosa	Lythraceae	leza wood	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Lagunaria patersonia	Malvaceae	Norfolk-hibiscus	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk
Lagurus ovatus	Poaceae	hare's tail grass	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk
Lamarckia aurea	Poaceae	goldentop grass	Assessment	Pacific	11	high risk
Lamium amplexicaule	Lamiaceae	henbit	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	18	reject
Lansium domesticum	Meliaceae	langsat	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Lantana camara	Verbenaceae	lantana	Assessment	Pacific	32	high risk
*Lantana montevidensis*	Verbenaceae	trailing lantana	Assessment	Pacific	16	high risk
*Laportea aestuans*	Urticaceae	West Indian-nettle	Assessment	Pacific	10	high risk
Latania loddigesii	Arecaceae	blue Latan palm	Assessment	Pacific	-8	low risk
*Laurus nobilis*	Lauraceae	bay laurel	Assessment	Pacific	6	evaluate
*Lavandula dentata*	Lamiaceae	French lavender	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
*Lavandula x intermedia*	Lamiaceae	Dutch lavender	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
*Lavatera maritima*	Malvaceae	tree mallow	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
*Lawsonia inermis*	Lythraceae	henna	Assessment	Pacific	5	evaluate
Lebronnecia kokioides	Malvaceae		Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Lecythis zabucajo*	Lecythidaceae	monkeynut	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
Leea guineensis	Leeaceae	Hawaiian holly	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Leonotis nepetifolia	Lamiaceae	lion's tail	Assessment	Australia	13	reject
Leonotis nepetifolia	Lamiaceae	lion's tail	Assessment	Pacific	19	high risk
Leonotis nepetifolia	Lamiaceae	lion's tail	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	14	reject
Leonurus japonicus	Lamiaceae	honeyweed	Assessment	Australia	9	reject
Lepidium africanum	Brassicaceae	African pepperwort	Assessment	Pacific	10	high risk
Lepidium ruderale	Brassicaceae	peppergrass	Assessment	Australia	16	reject
Lepidium virginicum	Brassicaceae	Virginia peppeerweed	Assessment	Pacific	17	high risk
Leptochloa panicea	Poaceae	red sprangletop	Assessment	Pacific	12	high risk
Leptospermum laevigatum	Myrtaceae	Australian teatree	Assessment	Pacific	11	high risk
Leptospermum scoparium	Myrtaceae	New Zealand tea	Assessment	Pacific	20	high risk
Lespedeza cuneata	Fabaceae	Chinese lespedeza	Assessment	Pacific	17	high risk
Lespedeza liukiuensis	Fabaceae	little volcano bush clover	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	5	evaluate
Leucaena leucocephala	Fabaceae	leucaena	Assessment	Australia	11	reject
Leucaena leucocephala	Fabaceae	leucaena	Assessment	Pacific	15	high risk
Leucaena leucocephala	Fabaceae	leucaena	Assessment	US.	21	reject
Leucaena leucocephala	Fabaceae	leucaena	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	21	reject
Leucaena leucocephala cv. 'KX2-Hawaii'	Fabaceae	leucaena	Assessment	Pacific	3	evaluate
Leucaena leucocephala cv. 'Wondergraze'	Fabaceae	leucaena	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk
Leucaena leucocephala var. 'Tarramba'	Fabaceae	var. 'Tarramba'	Assessment	Pacific	10	high risk
Leucophyllum frutescens	Scrophulariaceae	Texas ranger	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Leucospermum bolusii	Proteaceae	Gordon's Bay pincushion	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Leycesteria formosa*	Caprifoliaceae	Himalayan honeysuckle	Assessment	Pacific	18	high risk
Ligustrum japonicum	Oleaceae	privet	Assessment	Pacific	6	evaluate
Ligustrum lucidum	Oleaceae	glossy privet	Assessment	Australia	11	reject
Ligustrum lucidum	Oleaceae	glossy privet	Assessment	Pacific	6	evaluate
Ligustrum sinense	Oleaceae	Chinese privet	Assessment	Pacific	11	high risk
*Licania platypus*	Chrysobalanaceae	monkey apple	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Licuala grandis*	Aracaceae	ruffled fan palm	Assessment	Pacific	6	evaluate
*Linaria dalmatica*	Plantaginaceae	Dalmatian toadflax	Assessment	Pacific	17	high risk
Linaria purpurea	Plantaginaceae	purple toadflax	Assessment	Pacific	1	high risk*
Linum usitatissimum	Linaceae	flax	Assessment	Pacific	9.5	high risk
Liriodendron tulipifera	Magnoliaceae	tulip poplar	Assessment	Pacific	2	evaluate
*Liriope muscari*	Liliaceae	lilyturf	Assessment	Pacific	4.5	low risk*
Liriope muscari	Liliaceae	lilyturf	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	7	reject
Liriope spicata	Liliaceae	creeping lilyturf	Assessment	Pacific	7.5	high risk
*Livistonia australis*	Arecaceae	Australian fan palm	Assessment	Pacific	3	evaluate
Litchi chinensis	Sapindaceae	lychee	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
Litchi chinensis	Sapindaceae	lychee	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	-7	accept
Livistona chinensis	Arecaceae	Chinese fan palm	Assessment	Pacific	5	evaluate
Livistona concinna	Arecaceae		Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	-3	accept
Livistona rotundifolia	Arecaceae	footstool palm	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Livistona saribus	Arecaceae	taraw palm	Assessment	Pacific	6	evaluate
Lobularia maritma	Brassicaceae	sweet alyssum	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk
Lolium multiflorum	Poaceae	Italian ryegrass	Assessment	Pacific	9	high risk
Lomandra longifolia 'tanika'	Laxmanniaceae	fine leaf lomandra	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Lonicera x heckrottii	Caprifoliaceae	goldflame honeysuckle	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Lonicera x heckrottii*	Caprifoliaceae	goldflame honeysuckle	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	-1	accept
*Lonicera japonica*	Caprifoliaceae	Japanese honeysuckle	Assessment	Pacific	12	high risk
*Lonicera japonica*	Caprifoliaceae	Japanese honeysuckle	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	19	reject
*Lophanthera lactescens*	Malpighiaceae	golden chain tree	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Lophospermum erubescens	Myrtaceae	creeping gloxinia	Assessment	Pacific	10	high risk
*Lophospermum scandens*	Plantaginaceae	twining snapdrago	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Lophostemon confertus	Myrtaceae	Brisbane box	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Lotus berthelotii	Fabaceae	parrot's beak	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Loxostylis alata	Anacardiaaceae	tiger wood	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	0	accept
Ludwigia peruviana	Onagraceae	Peruvian primrose	Assessment	Australia	10	reject
Luma apiculata	Myrtaceae	Chilean myrtle	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Lupinus albifrons	Fabaceae	silver lupine	Assessment	Pacific	5.5	evaluate
*Luzula nivea*	Juncaceae	snowy wood rush	Assessment	Pacific	4	low risk*
Luzula sylvatica	Juncaceae	greater woodrush	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk
*Lycium barbarum*	Solanaceae	goji berry, matrimony vine	Assessment	Pacific	12	high risk
Lycium chinense	Solanaceae	Chinese wolfberry	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk
Lygodium japonicum	Schizaeaceae	Japanese climbing fern	Assessment	Pacific	23	high risk
Lygodium japonicum	Schizaeaceae	Japanese climbing fern	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	25	reject
Lygodium japonicum	Schizaeaceae	Japanese climbing fern	Assessment	United States		moderate to moderate-high
Lygodium microphyllum	Schizaeaceae	Old World climbing fern	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	15	reject
Lygodium microphyllum	Schizaeaceae	Old World climbing fern	Assessment	United States		moderate to moderate-high
Lysiloma latisiliquum	Fabaceae	wild tamarind	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
Lysiloma watsonii	Fabaceae	lysiloma	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
Lysimachia fortunei	Primulaceae	lysimachia	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk
*Macadamia integrifolia*	Proteaceae	macadamia	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Macaranga mappa	Euphorbiaceae	bingabing	Assessment	Pacific	11	high risk
Macaranga tanarius	Euphorbiaceae	parasol leaf tree	Assessment	Pacific	12	high risk
Macfadyena unguis-cati	Bignoniaceae	cat's claw climber	Assessment	Pacific	17	high risk
Maclura pomifera	Moraceae	osage-orange	Assessment	Pacific	5	evaluate
Macroptilium atropurpureum	Fabaceae	siratro	Assessment	Australia	7	reject
Macroptilium atropurpureum	Fabaceae	siratro	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk
*Macroptilium bracteatum*	Fabaceae	burgundy bean	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Macroptilium lathyroides	Fabaceae	phasey bean	Assessment	Australia	6	reject
Macrotyloma axillare	Fabaceae	perennial horsegram	Assessment	Pacific	10	high risk
Maesopsis eminii	Rhamnaceae	umbrella tree	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk
*Magnolia grandiflora*	Magnoliaceae	southern magnolia	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Majidea zanquebarica*	Sapindaceae	black pearl tree	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Malpighia glabra*	Malpighiaceae	wild crapemyrtle	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
Malvastrum coromandelianum	Malvaceae	threelobe false mallow	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	8	reject
*Malvaviscus penduliflorus*	Malvaceae	Turk's cap	Assessment	Pacific	-9	low risk
Malvaviscus penduliflorus	Malvaceae	mazapan	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	-5	accept
Mammea americana	Clusiaceae	mammy-apple	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Mandevilla x amabilis	Apocynaceae	pink allamanda hybrid	Assessment	Pacific	-11	low risk
*Mandevilla boliviensis*	Apocynaceae	white mandevilla	Assessment	Pacific	1	evaluate
*Mandevilla sanderi*	Apocynaceae	Shrub displadenia	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Mangifera griffithii	Anacardiaceae		Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	-3	accept
Mangifera indica	Anacardiaceae	mango	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Manicaria saccifera	Arecaceae	royal palm	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Manihot esculenta	Euphorbiaceae	cassava	Assessment	Pacific	3	low risk*
*Manihot glaziovii*	Euphorbiaceae	Ceará rubber tree	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk
*Manilkara zapota*	Sapotaceae	sapote	Assessment	Pacific	9	high risk
*Manilkara zapota*	Sapotaceae	sapote	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	5	evaluate
Mansoa alliaceum	Bignoniaceae	garlic vine	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Mansoa hymenaea	Bignoniaceae	membranous garlic vine	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Mapania baldwinii	Cyperaceae		Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	-2	accept
Marrubium vulgare	Lamiaceae	common horehound	Assessment	Australia	15	reject
Massularia acuminata	Rubiaceae		Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	-2	accept
*Matisia cordata*	Malvaceae	sapote	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
*Maurandella antirrhiniflora*	Plantaginaceae	twining foxglove	Assessment	Pacific	5	evaluate
Medicago polymorpha	Fabaceae	bur clover	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	11	reject
Medinilla cumingii	Melastomataceae	chandelier tree	Assessment	Pacific	6	evaluate
Medinilla heterophylla	Melastomataceae		Assessment	Pacific	9	high risk
*Medinilla magnifica*	Melastomataceae	Malaysian orchid	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk
*Medinilla scortechinii*	Melastomataceae	medinilla	Assessment	Pacific	5	evaluate
Meehania montis-koyae	Lamiaceae	Meehan's mint	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	-2	accept
*Megaskepasma erythrochlamys*	Acanthaceae	red cloak	Assessment	Pacific	6	high risk*
*Melaleuca bracteata*	Myrtaceae	river tea-tree	Assessment	Pacific	10	high risk
*Melaleuca diosmifolia*	Myrtaceae	green honey-myrtle	Assessment	Pacific	14	high risk
Melaleuca incana var. protrata	Myrtaceae	prostrate gray honey myrtle	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Melaleuca leucadendra*	Myrtaceae	braodleaved paperback	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Melaleuca nesophila*	Myrtaceae	mauve honey-myrtle	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk
Melaleuca quinquenervia	Myrtaceae	paper bark tree	Assessment	Pacific	15	high risk
Melaleuca quinquenervia	Myrtaceae	paper bark tree	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	20	reject
*Melaleuca styphelioides*	Myrtaceae	prickly-leaf teatree	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Melastoma candidum*	Melastomataceae	Indian rhododendron	Assessment	Pacific	13	high risk
*Melastoma sanguineum*	Melastomataceae	red melastome	Assessment	Pacific	11	high risk
Melia azedarach	Meliaceae	Chinaberry	Assessment	Pacific	14	high risk
Melica transsilvanica	Poaceae	red spire	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk
Melicoccus bijugatus	Sapindaceae	Spanish lime	Assessment	Pacific	4	evaluate
Melicope elleryana	Rutaceae	Saruwa	Assessment	Pacific	4	evaluate
Melinis minutiflora	Poaceae	molasses grass	Assessment	Australia	7	reject
Melinis minutiflora	Poaceae	molasses grass	Assessment	Pacific	18	high risk
Melinis nerviglumis	Poaceae	pink chrystals	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk
Melochia corchorifolia	Sterculiaceae	redweed	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	10	reject
*Melochia umbellata*	Sterculiaceae	melochia	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk
Merremia peltata	Convolvulaceae	merremia	Assessment	Pacific	18	high risk
Merremia quinquefolia	Convolvulaceae	rock rosemary	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	8	reject
Merremia tuberosa	Convolvulaceae	wood rose	Assessment	Pacific	12	high risk
Mesua ferrea	Calophyllaceae	Ceylon iron wood	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Metrosideros collina	Myrtaceae	vunga	Assessment	Pacific	3	evaluate
Metrosideros excelsa	Myrtaceae	New Zealand christmas tree	Assessment	Pacific	6.5	high risk
Metrosideros kermadecensis	Myrtaceae	Kermadec pohutukawa	Assessment	Pacific	3	evaluate
Metroxylon amicarum	Arecaceae	Caroline ivory nut palm	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Michelia x alba	Magnoliaceae	white champaca	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
Michelia champaca	Magnoliaceae	orange champaca	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
Michelia figo	Magnoliaceae	banana shrub	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
Miconia calvescens	Melastomataceae	miconia	Assessment	Pacific	14	high risk
*Microsorum musifolium*	Polypodiaceae	crocodile fern	Assessment	Pacific	5	low risk*
*Mikania micrantha*	Asteraeae	mile-a-minute weed	Assessment	Pacific	25	high risk
Mimosa diplotricha	Fabaceae	giant sensitive plant	Assessment	Australia	16	reject
Mimosa diplotricha	Fabaceae	giant sensitive plant	Assessment	Pacific	24	high risk
Mimosa pigra	Fabaceae	catclaw mimosa	Assessment	Australia	23	reject
Mimosa pigra	Fabaceae	catclaw mimosa	Assessment	Pacific	25	high risk
Mimosa pigra	Fabaceae	catclaw mimosa	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	27	reject
Mimosa pudica	Fabaceae	sensitive plant	Assessment	Australia	18	reject
Mimosa pudica	Fabaceae	sensitive plant	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	17	reject
Mimosa tenuiflora	Fabaceae	jurema	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk
*Mimusops caffra*	Sapotaceae	coastal red milkwood	Assessment	Pacific	2	evaluate
*Minquartia guianensis*	Olacaceae	black manwood	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Mirabilis jalapa*	Nyctaginaceae	marvel of Peru	Assessment	Pacific	15	high risk
*Miscanthus floridulus*	Poaceae	giant miscanthus	Assessment	Pacific	18	high risk**
**Miscanthus x giganteus**	Poaceae		Assessment	U.S.	-9	accept
**Miscanthus x giganteus**	Poaceae		Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	-8	accept
Miscanthus sinensis	Poaceae	Chinese silver grass	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	14	reject
Mitragyna speciosa	Rubiaceae	kratom	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Mollugo verticillata	Molluginaceae	carpetweed	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	8	reject
Momordica charantia	Cucurbitaceae	bitter melon	Assessment	Pacific	13	high risk
Momordica charantia	Cucurbitaceae	balsam pear	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	14	reject
Monodora junodii	Annonaceae	green apple	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Monstera deliciosa*	Araceae	swiss-cheese plant	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Montanoa hibiscifolia	Asteraceae	tree daisy	Assessment	Pacific	13	high risk
Morella cerifera	Myricaceae	wax myrtle	Assessment	Pacific	20	high risk
Morella faya	Myricaceae	fayatree	Assessment	Pacific	17	high risk
*Morinda citrifolia*	Rubiaceae	noni	Assessment	Pacific	10	high risk**
Moringa oleifera	Moringaceae	horseradish tree	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Mucuna bennettii	Fabaceae	New Guinea creeper	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
Mucuna bracteata	Fabaceae		Assessment	Pacific	6	evaluate
Mucuna pruriens	Fabaceae	cow itch	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk
Muehlenbeckia platyclada	Polygonaceae	centipede plant	Assessment	Pacific	6	evaluate
Muhlenbergia capillaris	Poaceae	hairawn muhly	Assessment	Pacific	5	evaluate
Muhlenbergia rigens	Poaceae	deer grass	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk
Muntingia calabura	Flacourtiaceae	Jamaican cherry	Assessment	Pacific	12	high risk
Murraya paniculata	Rutaceae	orange jessamine	Assessment	Pacific	6	evaluate
Murraya paniculata	Rutaceae	orange jessamine	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	7	reject
Musa acuminata	Musaceae	Cavendish banana	Assessment	Pacific	-11	low risk
Musa balbisiana	Musaceae	Japanese fiber banana	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Musa sikkimensis	Musaceae	Darjeeling banana	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	0	accept
Muscari tenuiflorum	Hyacinthaceae		Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	5	accept*
Mussaenda 'Dona Aurora'	Rubiaceae	Mussaenda 'Dona Aurora'	Assessment	Pacific	-9	low risk
Mussaenda 'Dona Luz'	Rubiaceae	Mussaenda 'Dona Luz'	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
Mussaenda 'Dona Trining'	Rubiaceae	Mussaenda 'Dona Trining'	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Mussaenda erythrophylla	Rubiaceae	red mussaenda	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Mussaenda frondosa	Rubiaceae	flag bush	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
Mussaenda philippica	Rubiaceae	white mussaenda	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Myoporum laetum	Myoporaceae	ngaio	Assessment	Pacific	6	evaluate
Myrcia dichasialis	Myrtaceae		Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	-2	accept
*Myrcianthes fragrans*	Myrtaceae	Simpson stopper	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Myrciaria cauliflora*	Myrtaceae	jaboticaba	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Myriophyllum aquaticum	Haloragaceae	Brazilian water milfoil	Assessment	Australia	20	reject
Myriophyllum aquaticum	Haloragaceae	Brazilian water milfoil	Assessment	Pacific	22	high risk
Myriophyllum spicatum	Haloragaceae	Eurasian water-milfoil	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	25	reject
Myristica fragrans	Myristicaceae	nutmeg tree	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Myroxylon balsamum*	Fabaceae	balsam of Tolu	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk
Myrsine africana	Myrsinaceae	African boxwood	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
Myrtus communis	Myrtaceae	myrtle	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	4	evaluate