Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)


Trachelospermum jasminoides


RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Low risk, score: -3


Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i.

Research directed by C. Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service

Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.) Lem.; confederate jasmine, star jasmine

Answer

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=-1, n=-1

n

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

n

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

y

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

y

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

y

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

y

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

y

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

n

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

n

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

y

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-3

Supporting data:

Notes

Source

1.01

no evidence

1.02

Rare escape from cultivation in Florida

Wunderlin, R.P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville

1.03

Trachelospermum jasminoides Lemaire var. pubescens Makino is on the list of Japanese weeds

http://www.rib.okayama-u.ac.jp/wild/zassou/z_table.htm

2.01

Distributional range:
Native:
ASIA-TEMPERATE
China: China - Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xizang, Yunnan
Eastern Asia: Japan; Korea
ASIA-TROPICAL
Indo-China: Vietnam

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program.
Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database].
National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Trachelospermum+jasminoides (23 January 2005)

2.02

2.03

(1) 200-1300 m. China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam
(2) Hardiness: USDA Zone 8a-11

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018484
(2) http://davesgarden.com/pf/go/55230/

2.04

Distributional range:
Native:
ASIA-TEMPERATE
China: China - Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xizang, Yunnan
Eastern Asia: Japan; Korea
ASIA-TROPICAL
Indo-China: Vietnam

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program.
Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database].
National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Trachelospermum+jasminoides (23 January 2005)

2.05

(1) Florida, Louisiana (2) Australia

(1) USDA, NRCS. 2004. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. (2) http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/2000/archives/2000/in_the_garden/grasses_ground_covers_and_lawns/ground_covers

3.01

Rare escape from cultivation in Florida

Wunderlin, R.P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville

3.02

no evidence

3.03

Trachelospermum jasminoides Lemaire var. pubescens Makino is on the list of Japanese "weeds" [but not an economic weed]

http://www.rib.okayama-u.ac.jp/wild/zassou_table.htm

3.04

not invasive

http://sarasota.extension.ufl.edu/Hort/MG/Conf_Jasmine.htm

3.05

Trachelospermum asiaticum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Nakai var. intermedium Nakai is on the list of Japanese "weeds" [but not an economic weed].

http://www.rib.okayama-u.ac.jp/wild/zassou_table.htm

4.01

Lianas woody, to 10 m. Stem brownish, lenticellate; young branchlets pubescent, glabrous when older. Petiole 3-12 mm long; leaf blade ovate to obovate or narrowly elliptic, 2-10 X 1-4.5 cm, papery, glabrous or sometimes sparsely pubescent abaxially. Cymes paniculate, terminal and axillary; peduncle 2-6 cm, puberulent to glabrous. Sepals narrowly oblong, 2-5 mm, spreading or reflexed, pubescent outside, ciliate, apex obtuse or acute. Corolla white, tube dilated at middle, 5-10 mm, throat glabrous or pilose facing stamens; lobes obovate, as long as tube. Stamens included, inserted at middle of corolla tube; ovary glabrous. Follicles linear, 10-25 cm X 3-10 mm. Seeds oblong, 1.5-2 cm, coma 1.5-4 cm. Fl. Mar-Aug, fr. Jun-Dec. 2n = 20.

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018484

4.02

no evidence

4.03

no evidence

4.04

(1)on the list of Deer Resistant Plants (2)Rabbits like to graze on this plant.

(1)http://www.thegardenhelper.com/deer.html (2)http://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheets/HGIC1106.htm

4.05

no evidence

4.06

no evidence

4.07

(1)The whole plant is poisonous (2)CAUSES ONLY LOW TOXICITY IF EATEN.

(1)http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018484 (2)http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/poison/Trachja.htm

4.08

evergreen

(1)http://ag.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/Trachelospermum_jasminoides.html (2)http://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/plants/plant_finder/plant_pages/4246.shtml

4.09

(1)Light Exposure: Shade, part shade and full sun (2)shade-tolerant groundcover

(1)http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/az1110/ (2)http://sarasota.extension.ufl.edu/Hort/MG/Conf_Jasmine.htm

4.1

The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires moist soil.

http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Trachelospermum+jasminoides&CAN=COMIND

4.11

Lianas woody, to 10 m

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018484

4.12

no evidence

5.01

treestrial

5.02

liana, Apocynaceae

5.03

no evidence

5.04

liana

6.01

no evidence

6.02

Propagation - cuttings [no evidence of seed production in cultivation]

http://davesgarden.com/pf/go/55230/index.html

6.03

no evidence

6.04

no evidence

6.05

"Plants that utilize hawkmoth pollination are already familiar to you. Anytime you smell the heavy, sweet, nocturnal fragrance of the white, tubular flowers of jasmine (Jasminum, Oleaceae), honeysuckle (Lonicera, Caprifoliaceae), Gardenia (Rubiaceae), Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae), or Stephanotis (Asclepiadceae), excellent candidates for hawkmoth visitation are in the neighborhood. Add to that some of the white-flowered woody Apocynaceae, such as Plumeria, oleander (Nerium oleander), star-jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides), or Natal plum (Carissa macrocarpa), and the standard syndrome of floral features begins to take shape. Other sterling, and stunning, examples are such garden herbs as flowering tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris, Solanaceae) and four o'clocks (Mirabilis jalapa, Nyctaginaceae)."

http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/MEMBGNewsletter/Volume4number2/Theplantsthatlovehawkmoths.html

6.06

The plant self-layers, sending out roots from leaf nodes and stem tips wherever they touch the ground.

http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Trachelospermum+jasminoides&CAN=COMIND

6.07

(1)GROWTH RATE: Fast. (2)Fast growing. [but not known to produce seeds in cultivation]

(1)http://sarasota.extension.ufl.edu/Hort/MG/Conf_Jasmine.htm (3)http://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheets/HGIC1100.htm

7.01

no evidence

7.02

a ornamental

http://hort.ufl.edu/shrubs/TRAJASA.PDF

7.03

no evidence

7.04

Seeds oblong, 1.5-2 cm, coma 1.5-4 cm. [not known to produce seeds in cultivation]

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018484

7.05

Follicles linear, 10-25 cm X 3-10 mm. Seeds oblong, 1.5-2 cm, coma 1.5-4 cm.

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018484

7.06

Follicles linear, 10-25 cm X 3-10 mm. Seeds oblong, 1.5-2 cm, coma 1.5-4 cm.

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018484

7.07

no evidence

7.08

no evidence of consumption

8.01

Follicles linear, 10-25 cm X 3-10 mm. Seeds oblong, 1.5-2 cm, coma 1.5-4 cm. [no evidence of seed production in cultivation]

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018484

8.02

[no evidence of seed production in cultivation]

8.03

no evidence

8.04

Confederate jasmine make a good groundcover for large areas where it will scramble all over itself and may be sheared to maintain a height of about 2 ft (0.6 m). (2)Maintenance: moderate; needs some pruning to control over time; training up if desired

http://www.floridata.com/ref/t/trac_jas.cfm (2)http://ag.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/Trachelospermum_jasminoides.html

8.05

scales and mealybugs

http://sarasota.extension.ufl.edu/Hort/MG/Conf_Jasmine.htm


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