Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
Tibouchina granulosa
RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Low risk, score: 1 (low risk based on second screen)
|
Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i. Information on Risk Assessments Original risk assessment |
| Tibouchina granulosa (Brazilian glory tree, purple glory bush) Family - Melastomaceae. Synonym - Melastoma granulosum Desr. | Answer | Score | |
| 1.01 | Is the species highly domesticated? (If answer is 'no' then go to question 2.01) | n | 0 |
| 1.02 | Has the species become naturalized where grown? | ||
| 1.03 | Does the species have weedy races? | ||
| 2.01 | Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical” | 2 | |
| 2.02 | Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2 | 2 | |
| 2.03 | Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) | y | 1 |
| 2.04 | Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates | y | 1 |
| 2.05 | Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2 | y | |
| 3.01 | Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05 | n | -2 |
| 3.02 | Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 3.03 | Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 3.04 | Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 3.05 | Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2) | y | 2 |
| 4.01 | Produces spines, thorns or burrs | n | 0 |
| 4.02 | Allelopathic | n | 0 |
| 4.03 | Parasitic | n | 0 |
| 4.04 | Unpalatable to grazing animals | ||
| 4.05 | Toxic to animals | n | 0 |
| 4.06 | Host for recognized pests and pathogens | n | 0 |
| 4.07 | Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans | n | 0 |
| 4.08 | Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems | n | 0 |
| 4.09 | Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle | n | 0 |
| 4.1 | Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) | y | 1 |
| 4.11 | Climbing or smothering growth habit | n | 0 |
| 4.12 | Forms dense thickets | n | 0 |
| 5.01 | Aquatic | n | 0 |
| 5.02 | Grass | n | 0 |
| 5.03 | Nitrogen fixing woody plant | n | 0 |
| 5.04 | Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) | n | 0 |
| 6.01 | Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat | n | 0 |
| 6.02 | Produces viable seed. | y | 1 |
| 6.03 | Hybridizes naturally | ||
| 6.04 | Self-compatible or apomictic | ||
| 6.05 | Requires specialist pollinators | ||
| 6.06 | Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation | n | -1 |
| 6.07 | Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 | 3 | 0 |
| 7.01 | Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas) | n | -1 |
| 7.02 | Propagules dispersed intentionally by people | y | 1 |
| 7.03 | Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant | n | -1 |
| 7.04 | Propagules adapted to wind dispersal | y | 1 |
| 7.05 | Propagules water dispersed | n | -1 |
| 7.06 | Propagules bird dispersed | n | -1 |
| 7.07 | Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) | n | -1 |
| 7.08 | Propagules survive passage through the gut | n | -1 |
| 8.01 | Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) | y | 1 |
| 8.02 | Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) | ||
| 8.03 | Well controlled by herbicides | ||
| 8.04 | Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire | y | 1 |
| 8.05 | Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) | ||
| Total score: | 1 | ||
| Second screening | Low risk |
Supporting data:
| Notes | Reference | |
| 1.01 | No evidence. | |
| 1.02 | ||
| 1.03 | ||
| 2.01 | "Tibouchina granulosa, native to western Brazil and eastern Bolivia." | http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/html/tibouchina_granulosa.htm |
| 2.02 | ||
| 2.03 |
(1)"USDA hardiness zones: 10B through 11" (2)Native to South America,
Tibouchinas are adaptable to zones 9B-11 and are not salt-tolerant. (3)However it has a wide altitudinal range - from around 200m to 2000 m. [Based on 2 and 3]. |
(1)http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:lMvabh7bc5IJ:hort.ufl.edu/shrubs /TIBGRAA.PDF+%22Tibouchina+granulosa%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 (2)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast |
| 2.04 | "Tibouchina granulosa, native to western Brazil and eastern Bolivia." | http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/html/tibouchina_granulosa.htm |
| 2.05 | (1)"Global distribution: T. granulosa is cultivated in warm regions, such as Hawai'i and Florida as an ornamental shrub or small tree." (2)"… In this study, we report on a similar canker disease that has recently been found in South Africa on T. granulosa, commonly grown as an ornamental tree. ..." (3)Introduced to Puerto Rico. | (1)http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/html/tibouchina_granulosa.htm (2)Myburg, Henrietta; Gryzenhout, Marieka; Heath, Ronald, et al. Cryphonectria canker on Tibouchina in South Africa. Mycological Research 106 (11) : 1299-1306 November 2002 (3)http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TIGR3 |
| 3.01 | No evidence of naturalization. | |
| 3.02 | No evidence. | |
| 3.03 | No evidence. | |
| 3.04 | (1)"T. granulosa currently is not spreading on Maui and there was no evidence found of it being invasive elsewhere in the world. However, several Tibouchina species are considered highly invasive in Hawai'i and all plants in the genus, Tibouchina, are listed as Hawai'i state noxious weeds." (2)"Invasive potential - little, if any at this time." |
(1)http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/html/tibouchina_granulosa.htm
(2)http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:OKY25A0kyEUJ:hort.ufl.edu/trees /TIBURVA.pdf+%22Tibouchina+granulosa%22+invasive%7Cinvasion%7 Cinvading%7Cinvader&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=3 |
| 3.05 | "T. granulosa currently is not spreading on Maui and there was no evidence found of it being invasive elsewhere in the world. However, several Tibouchina species are considered highly invasive in Hawai'i and all plants in the genus, Tibouchina, are listed as Hawai'i state noxious weeds." | http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/html/tibouchina_granulosa.htm |
| 4.01 | No evidence of such structures. |
http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:lMvabh7bc5IJ:hort.ufl.edu/shrubs /TIBGRAA.PDF+%22Tibouchina+granulosa%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 |
| 4.02 | No evidence | |
| 4.03 | No evidence | |
| 4.04 | Don’t know. | |
| 4.05 | No evidence. | |
| 4.06 | "Pests and diseases: Brickell and Zuk (1997) report that Tibouchina spp. are susceptible to gray mold, mushroom root rot, leaf spots, root rot of seedlings, and spider mites." - No evidence regarding associated economic pests. | http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/index.cfm |
| 4.07 | No evidence | |
| 4.08 | Probably not - "Tibouchina species are evergreen plants from the rainforest areas of tropical America." | http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/html/tibouchina_multiflora.htm |
| 4.09 | (1)"Light requirements - grows in full sun." (2)"LIGHT REQUIREMENTS : full sun to broken light." (3)"This Tibouchina prefers full to partial sun and likes acidic soil." (4)"Sun Exposure: Full sun" (5)Prefers full sun. |
(1)http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:lMvabh7bc5IJ:hort.ufl.edu/shrubs/ TIBGRAA.PDF+%22Tibouchina+granulosa%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 (2)http://www.rareflora.com/tibouchinagranulosa.htm (3)http://www.rareflora.com/tibouchinaclo.html (4)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Melastomataceae/Tibouchina_granulosa.html (5)http://www.horticopia.com/hortpix/html/pc5258.htm |
| 4.1 | "Full sun is best for flowering and the plant will thrive on any well-drained soil when regularly watered." |
http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:lMvabh7bc5IJ:hort.ufl.edu/shrubs/ TIBGRAA.PDF+%22Tibouchina+granulosa%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 |
| 4.11 | No evidence. | |
| 4.12 | No evidence. | |
| 5.01 | "This sprawling, evergreen shrub or small ornamental tree ranges from 10 to 15 feet (20 feet with proper training) in height." | |
| 5.02 | ||
| 5.03 | ||
| 5.04 | ||
| 6.01 | Probably not - Flowering specimens collected from native range. | http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast |
| 6.02 | "The objective of this work was to study the maturation process of Tibouchina granulosa Cogn. seeds. Each inflorescence was identified in the day of its respective anthesis. Samples of fruits and seeds were collected weekly, and diameter, weight, color, moisture content and dry matter were determined. After seed extraction, analyzes were made for coloring, moisture content, dry matter, 1,000 seeds mass, speed and percentage of germination. Experimental design was carried out in a completely randomized block with four replications. Analysis of data obtained led to the following conclusions: seeds physiological maturity occurred 84 to 105 days, and seed harvest should be done between 84 to 98 days after the anthesis. The parameters which best characterized seed physiological maturity and the time for harvesting were moisture content and dry matter weight. The largest germination percentage was verified in extracted seeds from 77 until 105 days after the anthesis, and seeds vigor increased until 91 days. The size and color of fruits and seeds demonstrated efficiency as maturation parameters. Fruits initial dehiscences occurred after 105 days of the anthesis. Tibouchina granulosa presented seed dormancy after maturation. " | LOPES, José Carlos, DIAS, Paulo César and PEREIRA, Márcio Dias. Physiological maturity of quaresmeira seeds. Pesq. agropec. bras., Aug. 2005, vol.40, no.8, p.811-816. ISSN 0100-204X. |
| 6.03 | Don’t know - No evidence regarding hybridization in the genus Tibouchina - also other than a cytological study the reproductive ecology of the genus does not seem to be very well studied. | Chromosome Numbers and Their Systematic Significance in Some Mexican Melastomataceae Frank Almeda, Tsan Iang Chuang. Systematic Botany, Vol. 17, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 1992), pp. 583-593 |
| 6.04 | Don’t know. | |
| 6.05 | Pollination: Not known. | http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/html/tibouchina_granulosa.htm |
| 6.06 | No evidence regarding spread through vegetative means. | |
| 6.07 | (1)"Growth rate - moderate. " (2)"Tree and shrub transplants were set out, with the use of fast-growing native species (e.g. Senna machrantera, Tibouchina granulosa, Vismia guianensis) and introduced species (e.g. Acacia mangium, Leucaena sp.). " [Probably 2 to 3 years. A moderater sized tree, cultivated for its flowers]. |
(1)http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:lMvabh7bc5IJ:hort.ufl.edu/shrubs/ TIBGRAA.PDF+%22Tibouchina+granulosa%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 (2)http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/y2795e/y2795e04.htm |
| 7.01 | Probably not - no evidence that the species grows in heavily trafficked areas. | |
| 7.02 | The species is cultivated for ornamental purposes. | http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/html/tibouchina_granulosa.htm |
| 7.03 | Probably not - no evidence that the species grows near seed crop fields. | |
| 7.04 | (1)"Abstract: Tibouchina Aubl. (Melastomeae), with about 308 species occupies a central position among neotropical Melastomataceae with capsular fruits. …" (2)Wind dispersed. | (1)Guimaraes, Paulo Jose Fernandes; Martins, Angela Borges (Tibouchina sect. Pleroma (D.Don) Cogn. (Melastomataceae) in Sao Paulo state) Revista Brasileira de Botanica 20 (1) : 11-33 1997 (2)http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-67622005000600018 |
| 7.05 | Probably not - no evidence that the species grows near waterways. | |
| 7.06 | Probably not - fruit is a capsule. | |
| 7.07 | Probably not - no evidence that the propagules have any means of attachment. | |
| 7.08 | Wind dispersed. | |
| 8.01 | "The seeds presented a continuous trial of changes in his coloring, passing from blanks in the first weeks, for yellow, brown, until acquire the brown-dark coloring, to the 91 days after antese, remaining with that coloring up to last collection. The number of seeds by fruit did not present alteration during the phase of ripening, maintaining itself on average with around 760±21 seeds, by fruit, what suggests that the number of formed seeds in the fruit is more related with the rate of pollination and fertilization than with the age of the fruit." [Translated online from Portuguese - species seems to be a prolific seeder if it averages around 760 seeds per fruit]. | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2005000800012&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt |
| 8.02 | "… The size and color of fruits and seeds demonstrated efficiency as maturation parameters. Fruits initial dehiscences occurred after 105 days of the anthesis. Tibouchina granulosa presented seed dormancy after maturation. " [Probably yes but no evidence regarding the longevity of the seeds under field conditions]. | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2005000800012&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt |
| 8.03 | No evidence that the species is being controlled for. | |
| 8.04 | Probably yes - "Its growth habit is somewhat weedy, requiring training and pruning especially when it is young to develop and maintain it as a tree. It can be trained as a standard or espaliered against a south or west-facing wall receiving at least 5 hours of full sun. It can also be trained on a trellis or arbor as a vine. Pinching new growth helps increase branching and will enhance the flower display on small plants." |
http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:lMvabh7bc5IJ:hort.ufl.edu/shrubs/ TIBGRAA.PDF+%22Tibouchina+granulosa%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 |
| 8.05 | Don’t know. |
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This page created 23 December 2006