Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)


Tecoma capensis


RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Evaluate, score: 6


Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i.

Research directed by C. Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service

Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl. Tecomaria capensis, Bignonia capensis (Cape honeysuckle)

Answer

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=-1, n=-1

y

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

n

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

1

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

1

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

y

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

n

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

y

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

n

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

y

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

y

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

2

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

y

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

y

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

n

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

y

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

n

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

y

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

y

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

6

Supporting data:

Notes

Source

1.01

No evidence

1.02

(1)I walked toward the target Cape Honeysuckle (Tecoma capensis), our shovels in gloved hands. Like several introduced plants, the honeysuckle is trying to take over the dunes along the path Santa Monica Bay Audubon uses during its monthly bird walks. We are fighting its spread.. (2)Invasive in Australia. Scored 4 on a scale of 3 to 5 (5 being most invasive). [presumably naturalized] (3)Locally naturalized, Jamaica (4)Naturalized Bermuda

(1)http://home.att.net/~cgbraggjr/v26n1.htm (2)http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:HgyPLq8qUVkJ:
www.epa.qld.gov.au/publications/p00727aa.pdf/Invasive_naturalised_plants_in_
Southeast_Queensland_ranked_list.pdf+Tecoma+capensis+naturalized&hl=en (3)Adams, C.D. 1970 Flowering plants of Jamaica. University of the West Indies Press. Mona.(4)Britton, N.L. 1918. Flora of Bermuda. Charles Scribner's Sons. New York.

1.03

No evidence

2.01

(1)Indigenous distribution extends from Uitenhage in the Eastern Cape (South Africa) to southern Mozambique (2)Origin (native to where): South Africa (3)originates from the Cape of Good Hope region of South Africa (4)Locally Naturalized, Jamaica

(1)http://www.museums.org.za/bio/plants/bignoniaceae/tecoma_capensis.htm (2)http://www.hear.org/gcw/html/autogend/species/18981.HTM (3)http://www.floridata.com/ref/T/teco_cap.cfm (4)Adams, C.D. 1970 Flowering plants of Jamaica. University of the West Indies Press. Mona.

2.02

widely cultivated in subtropics

http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Tecoma+capensis

2.03

(1)USDA 10-12 (2)Hardiness: USDA Zones 9 - 11. (3)Cape honeysuckle is tolerant of salt spray (4)originates from the Cape of Good Hope region of South Africa (5)Some specimens above 1000 m but they were cultivated (6) T. capensis occurs on forest margins but more commonly along drainage lines in dense woodland. Grows well in moist areas and in dry scrub and woodland.

(1)http://gardening.about.com/library/weekly/blcapehoney.htm (2)http://floridata.com/ref/t/teco_cap.cfm (3)http://www.floridata.com/ref/T/teco_cap.cfm (4)http://www.floridata.com/ref/T/teco_cap.cfm (5)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast?ssdp=01266465 (6)http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sites/TreeDBS/Aft/speciesinfo.cfm?SpID=17956

2.04

(1)Indigenous distribution extends from Uitenhage in the Eastern Cape (South Africa) to southern Mozambique (2)Origin (native to where): South Africa (3)Locally naturalized, Jamaica

(1)http://home.att.net/~cgbraggjr/v26n1.htm (2)http://www.hear.org/gcw/html/autogend/species/18981.HTM (3)Adams, C.D. 1970 Flowering plants of Jamaica. University of the West Indies Press. Mona.

2.05

widely cultivated in subtropics

http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Tecoma+capensis

3.01

(1)I walked toward the target Cape Honeysuckle (Tecoma capensis), our shovels in gloved hands. Like several introduced plants, the honeysuckle is trying to take over the dunes along the path Santa Monica Bay Audubon uses during its monthly bird walks. We are fighting its spread.. (2)Invasive in Australia. Scored 4 on a scale of 3 to 5 (5 being most invasive). [presumably naturalized] (3)Locally naturalized, Jamaica (4)Naturalized Bermuda

(1)http://home.att.net/~cgbraggjr/v26n1.htm (2)http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:HgyPLq8qUVkJ:
www.epa.qld.gov.au/publications/p00727aa.pdf/Invasive_naturalised_plants_in_
Southeast_Queensland_ranked_list.pdf+Tecoma+capensis+naturalized&hl=en (3)Adams, C.D. 1970 Flowering plants of Jamaica. University of the West Indies Press. Mona.(4)Britton, N.L. 1918. Flora of Bermuda. Charles Scribner's Sons. New York.

3.02

It spreads by means of underground roots that can become invasive. [may be diifficult to contain in gardens but no other references to support and it is deliberately planted in gardens]

http://toptropicals.com/cgi-bin/garden_catalog/cat.cgi?uid=TECOMARIA_CAPENSIS

3.03

No evidence

3.04

(1) Invasive and naturalized in Australia. Scored 4 on a scale of 3 to 5 (5 being most invasive) - it was ranked 166 out of 200 plants on the list [low rating]. (2)Not on Australia's garden thugs list (3)I walked toward the target Cape Honeysuckle (Tecoma capensis), our shovels in gloved hands. Like several introduced plants, the honeysuckle is trying to take over the dunes along the path Santa Monica Bay Audubon uses during its monthly bird walks. We are fighting its spread. (4)Bushland Weeds of the Blue Mountains Region [Australia] (5)Environmental weed in New Zealand

(1)http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:HgyPLq8qUVkJ:
www.epa.qld.gov.au/publications/p00727aa.pdf/Invasive_naturalised_plants_in_
Southeast_Queensland_ranked_list.pdf+Tecoma+capensis+naturalized&hl=en (2)Randall, R. 2001. Garden thugs, a national list of invasive and potentially invasive garden plants. Plant Protection Quarterly 16:138-171. (3)http://home.att.net/~cgbraggjr/v26n1.htm (4)http://www.zip.com.au/~aabr/info/weed_lists/weed02.html (5)http://envbop.govt.nz/weeds/weed61.asp

3.05

(1)Tecoma radicans is a "rampant weed" in the Eastern USA (2)Tecoma stans

(1)http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/scripts/weed.dll/getone.780.htm (2)http://www.hear.org/gcw/html/autogend/species/18983.HTM

4.01

No evidence

4.02

No evidence

4.03

No evidence

4.04

Fodder: Foliage readily browsed by stock and game

http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sites/TreeDBS/Aft/speciesinfo.cfm?SpID=17956

4.05

No evidence

4.06

No evidence

4.07

Cultivated - - Medicinal/culinary uses

http://www.hear.org/gcw/html/autogend/species/18981.HTM

4.08

evergreen shrub

4.09

(1)full sun to light shade (2)This shrub can tolerate sun or part shade (3)Sun to Partial Shade (4)Full sun is best, but tolerates light shade

(1)http://gardening.about.com/library/weekly/blcapehoney.htm (2)http://www.hear.org/gcw/html/autogend/species/18981.HTM (3)http://plantsdatabase.com/go/1758 (4)http://www.floridata.com/ref/T/teco_cap.cfm

4.1

Soil Condition: Loamy, sandy, clay, acidic, neutral, alkaline, tolerates salt well, somewhat drought tolerant

Horticopia A-Z.Horticopia, Inc., Purcellville, VA. ISBN 1-887215-07-7.

4.11

This is a sprawling plant that, if left unpinned, puts out long stems and becomes almost a vine that needs some kind of support. Usually kept clipped, it is often used as a low hedge. [better described as thicket, as in 4.12]

http://toptropicals.com/cgi-bin/garden_catalog/cat.cgi?uid=TECOMARIA_CAPENSIS

4.12

(1)"As branches root where they touch the ground this plant can become a wide thicket if not maintained. " (2) Very vigorous, dense mass, smothering or replacing native vegetation, in varied habitats ranging from open and exposed to sheltered and partially shaded.

(1)http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=2629 (2)http://envbop.govt.nz/weeds/weed61.asp

5.01

(1)Description: evergreen vine or shrub blooming in fall to winter with racemes of tubular orange-red to scarlet blossoms 2" long (2)It is a very adaptable evergreen plant that can be left to ramble as a shrubby climber, or pruned to form an attractive shrub, hedge or screen.

(1)http://gardening.about.com/library/weekly/blcapehoney.htm (2)http://www.thewaterwisegarden.com/tecomaria.htm

5.02

Bignoniaceae

5.03

Bignoniaceae

5.04

No evidence

6.01

No evidence

6.02

Propagation is from seed and semi hardwood cuttings taken in summer, or by layering, something that the shrub does naturally.

http://www.thewaterwisegarden.com/tecomaria.htm

6.03

There are also hybrids such ' Aurea' below or ' Apricot' …[No evidence of natural hybrids. These appear to be flower color polymorphisms rather than species hybrids]

http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=
http://southafricavoyage.free.fr/tecoma.html&prev=/search%3Fq%3D
ecoma%2Bcapensis%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DG

6.04

The cape honeysuckle is dioecious and evergreen

http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sites/TreeDBS/Aft/speciesinfo.cfm?SpID=17956

6.05

(1)The Cape honeysuckle is drought tolerant and attracts hummingbirds (2)Attrracts hummingbirds

(1)http://gecko.gc.maricopa.edu/glendalelibrary/GLIS%20Tecoma%20capensis.htm (2http://www.floridata.com/lists/featlist.cfm?request=Hummingbirds

6.06

(1)Cape honeysuckle will take root where branches touch the ground. (2)ability to layer itself indefinitely away from the original hedge site.

(1)http://www.floridata.com/ref/T/teco_cap.cfm (2)http://envbop.govt.nz/weeds/weed61.asp

6.07

The plant grows fast usually flowering in the second year

http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sites/TreeDBS/Aft/speciesinfo.cfm?SpID=17956

7.01

Discarded hedge clippings may take root in garden rubbish dump sites.

http://envbop.govt.nz/weeds/weed61.asp

7.02

Ornamental plant.

http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Tecoma+capensis

7.03

No products

7.04

Seeds are brown, heart shaped, with light brown papery wings. Many seeds in each pod.

http://theseedsite.co.uk/db21.html

7.05

Seeds are brown, heart shaped, with light brown papery wings. Many seeds in each pod.

http://theseedsite.co.uk/db21.html

7.06

Seeds are brown, heart shaped, with light brown papery wings. Many seeds in each pod.

http://theseedsite.co.uk/db21.html

7.07

Fruit a narrow, flat pod-like capsule up to 13 cm long.

http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sites/TreeDBS/Aft/speciesinfo.cfm?SpID=17956

7.08

No evidence of ingestion

8.01

Seeds are brown, heart shaped, with light brown papery wings. Many seeds in each pod.

http://theseedsite.co.uk/db21.html

8.02

Germination 6-21 days

http://theseedsite.co.uk/db21.html

8.03

Chemical Control: Use Escort at 5g per 10 litres as an overall spray or stump treat with herbicide.

http://envbop.govt.nz/weeds/weed61.asp

8.04

(1)Benefits from being thinned out after flowering (2)needs to be pruned semi-annually so that it does not overtake the area; Texas - It dies back each year and reemerges in late spring (3)Can be cut to ground every few years to keep it from becoming woody and leggy

(1)http://www.spnurseries.co.uk/Conservatory3.htm (2)http://plantsdatabase.com/go/1758 (3)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Bignoniaceae/Tecomaria_capensis.html

8.05

Don’t know


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