Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)


Senecio mandraliscae


RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Low risk, score: -3


Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i.
Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Senecio mandraliscae (Tineo) Jaconsen. Family - Asteraceae. Common Names(s) - Blue Finger, Blue Chalk Sticks. Synonym(s) - Kleinia mandraliscae.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

1

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

y

-2

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

0

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

1

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-3

Supporting data:

Notes

Source

1.01

(1)A mysterious taxon, probably a hybrid, with chromosome number races of 2n = 30 and 2n = 100, requiring further investigation. [no evidence that this species has been modified by human selection]

(1)Eggli, U. 2002. Dicotyledons. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany.

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1)Origin: South Africa [Mediterranean climate]

(1)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Asteraceae/Senecio_mandraliscae.html [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

2.02

(1)Origin: South Africa [Mediterranean climate]

(1)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Asteraceae/Senecio_mandraliscae.html [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

2.03

(1)Recommended Temperature Zone: sunset: 11-13,16,17,21-24 USDA: 10-12 Frost Tolerance: Avoid any frost (2)Hardiness: USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)

(1)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Asteraceae/Senecio_mandraliscae.html [Accessed 16 Dec 2008] (2)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/57976/ [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

2.04

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinames.htm [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

2.05

(1)This plant has been said to grow in the following regions: Clayton, California Fairfield, California Sierra Madre, California Thousand Oaks, California Palm Beach, Florida

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/57976/ [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

3.01

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinames.htm [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

3.02

(1)No evidence (2)Recommened as a non-invasive alternative to weedy ground covers in the "Weed Watch Southern California Edition" flier

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinames.htm [Accessed 16 Dec 2008] (2)http://weedwatch.lasgrwc.org/docs/wallet_cards/English_hi_res_June07.pdf [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

3.03

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinames.htm [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

3.04

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinames.htm [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

3.05

(1)Senecio madagascariensis…agricultural weed, environmental weed, naturalised, noxious weed, weed

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/senecio_madagascariensis/ [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

4.01

(1)Spreading succulent from South Africa that grows to 12 to 18 inches tall with 3 to 4 inch long blue gray pencil-like fleshy leaves and small rayless dull white flowers in mid-summer [no evidence of spines, thorns or burrs]

(1)http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=1498 [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

4.02

Unknown

4.03

(1)No evidence

(1)Eggli, U. 2002. Dicotyledons. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany.

4.04

Unknown

4.05

(1)May be Poisonous

(1)http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=1498 [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

4.06

Unknown

4.07

(1)May be Poisonous

(1)http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=1498 [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

4.08

(1)When succulents can be successfully grown, there is no better plant for retarding a fire [list of recommended plants includes S. mandraliscae] (2) Resistance to burning: highly resistant to fire

(1)Kent, D. 2005. Firescaping: Creating Fire-resistant Landscapes, Gardens, and Properties in California's Diverse Environments. Wilderness Press. Berkeley, California. (2)http://www.plantsonline.net.au/fulldetails.php?PlantID=401 [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

4.09

(1)Sun Exposure: Full sun to light shade (2)Exposure: Full Sun (3)Sun Exposure: Full Sun

(1)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Asteraceae/Senecio_mandraliscae.html [Accessed 16 Dec 2008] (2)http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=1498 [Accessed 16 Dec 2008] (3)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/57976/ [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

4.10

(1)The only negative will be if you are on heavy clay or if the water does not run off. Otherwise, this plant will take just about anything you give it and look perfect. We prefer to have the soil dry out between waterings, but even that is not necessary...Very little water, use a lot of coarse sand, grit, or pumice or perlite, no peat moss. They are the easiest plant to grow and start, not demanding at all. But must have a fast draining mix. If you have clay soil, find out what to use to break it up. [grows on many soil types as long as well drained] (2)Tolerance to soil type: most soils

(1)http://forums.gardenweb.com/forums/load/cacti/msg0917001125742.html [Accessed 16 Dec 2008] (2)http://www.plantsonline.net.au/fulldetails.php?PlantID=401 [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

4.11

(1)Spreading succulent from South Africa that grows to 12 to 18 inches tall with 3 to 4 inch long blue gray pencil-like fleshy leaves and small rayless dull white flowers in mid-summer. Forms a dense mat with leaves angled upward from the ground. [no evidence that it smothers other plants]

(1)http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=1498 [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

4.12

(1)Spreading succulent from South Africa that grows to 12 to 18 inches tall with 3 to 4 inch long blue gray pencil-like fleshy leaves and small rayless dull white flowers in mid-summer. Forms a dense mat with leaves angled upward from the ground. [planted as a dense ground cover, but no evidence from natural settings]

(1)http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=1498 [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

5.01

(1)Terrestrial

(1)Eggli, U. 2002. Dicotyledons. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany.

5.02

(1)Asteraceae

(1)Eggli, U. 2002. Dicotyledons. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany.

5.03

(1)Asteraceae

(1)Eggli, U. 2002. Dicotyledons. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany.

5.04

(1)No evidence

(1)Eggli, U. 2002. Dicotyledons. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany.

6.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Eggli, U. 2002. Dicotyledons. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany.

6.02

(1)In the case of Senecio mandraliscae, however, this showy ring of large petals is absent and thus the flowers are rather inconspicuous. The seeds that follow are wind-dispersed and resemble dandelion seeds, but they are not held in a globe.

(1)http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_/ai_n20521652 ]Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

6.03

(1)A mysterious taxon, probably a hybrid, with chromosome number races of 2n = 30 and 2n = 100, requiring further investigation. [unknown if natural hybridization occurs]

(1)Eggli, U. 2002. Dicotyledons. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany.

6.04

Unknown

6.05

(1)Senecio flowers are pollinated by insects such as butterflies and bumblebees.

(1)Schmitt, J. 1983. Flowering Plant Density and Pollinator Visitation in Senecio. Oecologia 60(1): 97-102.

6.06

(1)Propagation Methods: From leaf cuttings From herbaceous stem cuttings Allow cut surface to callous over before planting [no evidence from natural populations]

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/57976/ [Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

6.07

Unknown

7.01

(1)In the case of Senecio mandraliscae, however, this showy ring of large petals is absent and thus the flowers are rather inconspicuous. The seeds that follow are wind-dispersed and resemble dandelion seeds, but they are not held in a globe [no evidence that seeds have been inadvertently spread]

(1)http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_/ai_n20521652 ]Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

7.02

(1)Garden designers delight in using two varieties of blue senecio as ornamental ground covers: S. mandraliscae, to 6 or 8 inches high, and S. serpens, to 4 inches [popular ornamental]

(1)Baldwin, D.L. 2007. Designing with Succulents. Timber Press. Portland, OR.

7.03

(1)No evidence that this plant is grown with produce

(1)http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_/ai_n20521652 ]Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

7.04

(1)In the case of Senecio mandraliscae, however, this showy ring of large petals is absent and thus the flowers are rather inconspicuous. The seeds that follow are wind-dispersed and resemble dandelion seeds, but they are not held in a globe.

(1)http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_/ai_n20521652 ]Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

7.05

(1)In the case of Senecio mandraliscae, however, this showy ring of large petals is absent and thus the flowers are rather inconspicuous. The seeds that follow are wind-dispersed and resemble dandelion seeds, but they are not held in a globe.

(1)http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_/ai_n20521652 ]Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

7.06

(1)In the case of Senecio mandraliscae, however, this showy ring of large petals is absent and thus the flowers are rather inconspicuous. The seeds that follow are wind-dispersed and resemble dandelion seeds, but they are not held in a globe.

(1)http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_/ai_n20521652 ]Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

7.07

(1)In the case of Senecio mandraliscae, however, this showy ring of large petals is absent and thus the flowers are rather inconspicuous. The seeds that follow are wind-dispersed and resemble dandelion seeds, but they are not held in a globe. [no evidence that tufts of hair can adhere to animal fur or feathers]

(1)http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_/ai_n20521652 ]Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

7.08

(1)In the case of Senecio mandraliscae, however, this showy ring of large petals is absent and thus the flowers are rather inconspicuous. The seeds that follow are wind-dispersed and resemble dandelion seeds, but they are not held in a globe. [no evidence that seeds would be consumed intact]

(1)http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_/ai_n20521652 ]Accessed 16 Dec 2008]

8.01

Unknown

8.02

Unknown

8.03

Unknown

8.04

Unknown

8.05

Unknown


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