Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)


Schizostachyum glaucifolium


RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Low risk, score: 0


Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i.

Research directed by C. Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service

Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Schizostachyum glaucifolium ('Ohe' hawaiian bamboo)

Answer

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=-1, n=-1

y

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

n

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

?=-1, n=0

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

y

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

y

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

y

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

n

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

30

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

y

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

n

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

n

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

0

Supporting data:

Source

Notes

1.01

No evidence

1.02

Naturalized in Hawaii.

Wagner,W. L., D. R. Herbst & S. H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of flowering plants of Hawaii.University of Hawaii at Press. Honolulu.

1.03

No evidence

2.01

Suitable for a sheltered humid warm location.

http://www.bambooworld.com.au/pages/SpeciesRef.html

2.02

2.03

Suitable for a sheltered humid warm location.

http://www.bambooworld.com.au/pages/SpeciesRef.html

2.04

(1) Origin: New Guinea & Pacific Islands (2)Reported from Fiji, Samoa, Tahiti, Marquesas, and Hawaii, in Hawaii possibly a Polynesian introduction.

(1)http://www.bambooworld.com.au/pages/SpeciesRef.html (2) Wagner,W. L., D. R. Herbst & S. H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of flowering plants of Hawaii.University of Hawaii at Press. Honolulu.

2.05

(1)Hawaii, (2) grown in Australia;

(1)Wagner,W. L., D. R. Herbst & S. H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of flowering plants of Hawaii.University of Hawaii at Press. Honolulu. (2)http://www.aia.net.au/bambooland/catalogue.htm

3.01

Naturalized in Hawaii.

Wagner,W. L., D. R. Herbst & S. H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of flowering plants of Hawaii.University of Hawaii at Press. Honolulu.

3.02

No evidence

3.03

No evidence

3.04

No evidence

3.05

No evidence

4.01

No evidence

Wagner,W. L., D. R. Herbst & S. H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of flowering plants of Hawaii.University of Hawaii at Press. Honolulu.

4.02

No evidence

4.03

No evidence

4.04

No information

4.05

No evidence

4.06

Did not find information on pests associated with S. glaucifolium

4.07

No evidence

4.08

possibly -- it grows in patches with some thatch accumulation

4.09

(1) '… occurring in shaded sites along streams in mesic valleys …' (2)full sun

(1)Wagner,W. L., D. R. Herbst & S. H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of flowering plants of Hawaii.University of Hawaii at Press. Honolulu. (2)http://www.hookele.com/canoeplants/ohe.html

4.1

No information on suitable soil types.

4.11

No evidence - not a vine.

4.12

You can find bamboo in dense clumps.

http://www.k12.hi.us/~kapunaha/ohe.htm

5.01

5.02

Large arborescent bamboo forming large clumps or small groves, 9-12 m tall.

Wagner,W. L., D. R. Herbst & S. H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of flowering plants of Hawaii.University of Hawaii at Press. Honolulu.

5.03

5.04

6.01

'...is reported to set viable seed every 30 years or so. '

http://www.hawaii-nation.org/canoe/ohe.html

6.02

'...is reported to set viable seed every 30 years or so. '

http://www.hawaii-nation.org/canoe/ohe.html

6.03

No information.

6.04

No information

6.05

large heads much like those of sugar cane [likely wind pollinated]

http://www.hookele.com/canoeplants/ohe.html

6.06

clumping bamboo

http://www.tropical-seeds.com/tech_forum/flowers_orns/bamboo.pdf

6.07

'...is reported to set viable seed every 30 years or so. '

http://www.hawaii-nation.org/canoe/ohe.html

7.01

No evidence that the propagules have any means of attachment; rarely flowers

Wagner,W. L., D. R. Herbst & S. H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of flowering plants of Hawaii.University of Hawaii at Press. Honolulu.

7.02

ornamental and cultural value.

http://www.tropical-seeds.com/tech_forum/flowers_orns/bamboo.pdf

7.03

no - flowers rarely

7.04

large heads much like those of sugar cane

http://www.hookele.com/canoeplants/ohe.html

7.05

possiby if near water

7.06

wind dispersal

7.07

wind dispersal

7.08

No evidence of consumption

8.01

No information on seed size and number [probably less than 1000 seeds per m2]

8.02

plant fresh, mature seeds. Most species will germinate

within 5–10 days

http://www.tropical-seeds.com/tech_forum/flowers_orns/bamboo.pdf

8.03

No evidence that the species is being controlled for.

8.04

No evidence

8.05

Don’t know.


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This page updated 3 November 2005