Research directed by C. Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service

Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague, Tecoma ricasoliana(pink trumpet vine, Port St. John's Creeper)

Answer

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=-1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

n

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

1

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

y

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

n

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

n

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

y

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

y

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

y

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

y

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

n

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

y

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

y

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

3

Notes

Source

1.01

no evidence

1.02

(1)"These notes deal with 39 taxa in Corsica, France, amongst which 5 are new to the island's flora: Gladiolus dubius and Orobanche pubescens representing native plants, whereas Campsis radicans, Podranea ricasoliana and Trachelium coeruleum are introduced subspontaneous species." (2) 'Sparingingly naturalized in upcountry Maui, where it has been observed spreading in the Haiku, Makawao, Olinda and Kula areas.' (3)Rare escape from cultivation (Florida) (4)Reproduces by layering and the dense masses of foliage and branches tend to smother surrounding vegetation.(New Zealand, spreading from gardens)

(1)Jeanmonod, D. , Schlüssel, A. (2002) Notes and contributions on Corsican flora, XVIII. Candollea, 2002, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 327-362, 10 ref. (2)http://216.239.57.104/search?q=cache:w9DikpBDEZ8J:hbs.
bishopmuseum.org/pdf/op79.pdf+Podranea+ricasoliana+cattle&hl=en (3)Wunderlin, R.P. 1998. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville (4)http://envbop.govt.nz/weeds/weed97.asp

1.03

no evidence

2.01

(1)Distributional range:
Native: AFRICA
Southern Africa: South Africa - Cape Province [e.]
(2)[mainly Mediterranean]

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/
html/tax_search.pl?Podranea+ricasoliana (13 July 2004)

2.02

"The genus Podranea contains one or two species: Podranea ricasoliana that is found at the mouth of the Mzimvubu River at Port St Johns, roughly half way between East London and Durban on the Eastern Cape coast; and Podranea brycei, the Zimbabwe creeper which has been collected from the ruins of Great Zimbabwe near Musvingo in Zimbabwe, and from the surroundings of Nova Sofala, on the Mozambique coast south of Beira. These two species differ only in the hairiness of the flowers and the size of the leaves. As it is virtually impossible to tell them apart when seen growing together many botanists regard them as the same species. Many South African botanists suspect that this climber may not be indigenous to southern Africa and that it was introduced here by slave traders. All the sites where both Podranea ricasoliana and Podranea brycei are found have ancient connections with slave traders, who frequented the eastern coast of Africa long before the 1600's. It has become such a widely grown garden plant in all t

(1)http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/podranricasol.htm (2)http://www.mediterraneangardensociety.org/plants/Podranea.ricasoliana.html

2.03

(1)"It is tolerant of light frost and should survive a winter minimum of -7oC / 20oF (zone 9) although it is better suited to frost free gardens. Young plants require protection from frost, and if an established plant is cut down by frost, it should resprout in the spring. " (2)Specimens exceeding 3000 m elevation

(1)http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/podranricasol.htm (2)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast

2.04

Distributional range:
Native: AFRICA
Southern Africa: South Africa - Cape Province [e.]
Other: widely cultivated in tropics [primarily Mediterranean climate]

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/
html/tax_search.pl?Podranea+ricasoliana (13 July 2004)

2.05

"The Port St Johns creeper is well-known to gardeners in southern Africa, Mediterranean countries, California, Florida, Australia and Asia, and has become a popular container plant in Europe, where it is over-wintered in heated greenhouses."

http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/podranricasol.htm

3.01

(1)"These notes deal with 39 taxa in Corsica, France, amongst which 5 are new to the island's flora: Gladiolus dubius and Orobanche pubescens representing native plants, whereas Campsis radicans, Podranea ricasoliana and Trachelium coeruleum are introduced subspontaneous species." (2) 'Sparingingly naturalized in upcountry Maui, where it has been observed spreading in the Haiku, Makawao, Olinda and Kula areas.' (3)Rare escape from cultivation (Florida) (4)Reproduces by layering and the dense masses of foliage and branches tend to smother surrounding vegetation.(New Zealand, spreading from gardens)

(1)Jeanmonod, D. , Schlüssel, A. (2002) Notes and contributions on Corsican flora, XVIII. Candollea, 2002, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 327-362, 10 ref. (2)http://216.239.57.104/search?q=cache:w9DikpBDEZ8J:hbs.
bishopmuseum.org/pdf/op79.pdf+Podranea+ricasoliana+cattle&hl=en (3)Wunderlin, R.P. 1998. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville (4)http://envbop.govt.nz/weeds/weed97.asp

3.02

(1) Waste places, abandoned gardens, scrambling over other vegetation. Reproduces by layering and the dense masses of foliage and branches tend to smother surrounding vegetation. (2)Can be invasive with runners that take root. [garden context] (3) on a list of "potential problems" in New Zealand

(1)http://envbop.govt.nz/weeds/weed97.asp (2)http://gecko.gc.maricopa.edu/glendalelibrary/GLIS%20Podranea%20ricasoliana.htm (3)http://www.hear.org/weedlists/other_areas/nz/nzecoweeds.htm

3.03

no evidence

3.04

no evidence

3.05

no evidence

4.01

no description of these traits

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Ornamentals: A Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.372

4.02

no evidence

4.03

no evidence

4.04

no evidence

4.05

no evidence

4.06

no evidence

4.07

no evidence

4.08

evergreen

http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/acc_num/198500395.html

4.09

"Plant in full sun"

http://www.mediterraneangardensociety.org/plants/Podranea.ricasoliana.html

4.1

This robust vine is happy in any soil

http://www.yuccado.com/displayone.php?ytitle=Podranea+ricasoliana

4.11

(1)"Because it is so vigorous and so fast it can get a bit out of control and may grow into gutters and roof overhangs and into trees, particularly in subtropical regions. " (2)"it is invasive, growing long whips that will smother nearby plants if you don't keep it under control."

(1)http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/podranricasol.htm (2)http://garden.garden.org/regional/report/arch/inmygarden/302

4.12

no evidence

5.01

Bignoniaceae

5.02

liana or vine-like shrub

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Ornamentals: A Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.372

5.03

Bignoniaceae

5.04

Hand pull small infestations. [implies not a geophyte is handpulling is effective]

http://envbop.govt.nz/weeds/weed97.asp

6.01

no evidence

6.02

"propagate by seeds, cuttings, or air layering."

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Ornamentals: A Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.372

6.03

no evidence

6.04

don't know

6.05

(1) "Bees were the main flower visitors of the species studied"
(2) "The flowers are often visited by carpenter bees (Xylocopa species). "

(1) Galetto, L. (1995) Nectary structure and nectar characteristics in some Bignoniaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 1995, Vol. 196, No. 1/2, pp. 99-121, 45 ref.
(2) http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/podranricasol.htm

6.06

(1) "Podranea ricasoliana can also be propagated by means of layering, or by removing side branches that have rooted by themselves."
(2) "Can be invasive with runners that take root."

(1) http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/podranricasol.htm
(2)http://gecko.gc.maricopa.edu/glendalelibrary/GLIS%20Podranea%20ricasoliana.htm

6.07

It grows slowly at first

http://www.hotgardens.net/vines_climbers_for_hot_climates.htm

7.01

"It is known to sprout where prunings have been thrown."

http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/podranricasol.htm

7.02

"The Port St Johns creeper is well-known to gardeners in southern Africa, Mediterranean countries, California, Florida, Australia and Asia, and has become a popular container plant in Europe, where it is over-wintered in heated greenhouses."

http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/podranricasol.htm

7.03

no evidence

7.04

The fruit is a long, narrow, straight, flattened capsule. The seeds are brown, ovate and flat, in a large rectangular papery wing. It tends not to produce many fertile seeds. [wind dispersal syndrome]

http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/podranricasol.htm

7.05

no evidence

7.06

The fruit is a long, narrow, straight, flattened capsule. The seeds are brown, ovate and flat, in a large rectangular papery wing. It tends not to produce many fertile seeds. [wind dispersal syndrome]

http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/podranricasol.htm

7.07

no evidence

7.08

no evidence of ingestion

8.01

(1) "Fruit a long, narrow capsule to 35 cm long"
(2) "The fruit is a long, narrow, straight, flattened capsule. The seeds are brown, ovate and flat, in a large rectangular papery wing. It tends not to produce many fertile seeds. " (3)Capsule rarely formed; spreads by layering

(1) Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Ornamentals: A Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.372
(2) http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/podranricasol.htm (3)http://envbop.govt.nz/weeds/weed97.asp

8.02

"Although a proportion of the seed may be infertile, about 50% should germinate. Seed should be sown in spring or during summer, in a well-drained seedling mix, and need only be covered lightly with the sowing mix, clean coarse sand or milled bark to stop it from blowing away. The trays should be kept moist in a warm but shaded position. Germination should occur in 3-4 weeks and the seedlings potted up after the first pair of true leaves have developed." [no indication or dormancy, but it is a Mediterranean plant, so may have adaptations for seed bank]

http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantnop/podranricasol.htm

8.03

Spray with Glyphosate at 100 ml in 10 litres of water if support plant damage is not an issue. In large stands cut at ground level and treat with herbicide.

http://envbop.govt.nz/weeds/weed97.asp

8.04

(1)"It is very vigorous and takes well to hard pruning to a framework " (2)soil. Prune back severely during winter, before new growth appears, to keep the plant within bounds and improve flowering.

(1)http://www.mediterraneangardensociety.org/plants/Podranea.ricasoliana.html (2)http://216.239.57.104/search?q=cache:lvxFEVHjic8J:miami-
dade.ifas.ufl.edu/programs/urbanhort/publications/PDF/Ornamental
%2520African%2520Plants.PDF+Podranea+ricasoliana+pollination&hl=en

8.05

no evidence