Pilea cadierei Gagnep. & Guillaumin. Family - Urticaceae . Common Names(s) - hua ye leng shui hua, vietnamesische Kanonierblume, aluminum plant. Synonym(s) - Pilea cardieri.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

-2

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

2

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-5

Notes

Source

1.01

No evidence

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1) Native to China - Guizhou, Yunnan; Vietnam.

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?28363#common [Cited 2009 March 12].

2.02

(1) Native to China - Guizhou, Yunnan; Vietnam.

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?28363#common [Cited 2009 March 12].

2.03

(1) USDA zones 10-11.

(1) http://hort.ufl.edu/shrubs/PILCADA.PDF [Cited 2009 March 12].

2.04

(1) Native to China - Guizhou, Yunnan; Vietnam.

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?28363#common [Cited 2009 March 12].

2.05

(1) A standard in the foliage trade and a standard house plant. Pilea cadierei was introduced to gardners in 1938 by French horticulturists.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

3.01

No evidence

3.02

(1) No evidence (2) May be invasive.

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamep.htm [Cited 2009 March 12]. (2) http://hort.ufl.edu/shrubs/PILCADA.PDF [Cited 2009 March 12].

3.03

(1) No evidence

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamep.htm [Cited 2009 March 12].

3.04

(1) No evidence

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamep.htm [Cited 2009 March 12].

3.05

(1) Pilea microphylla is considered invasive in the Pacific Islands.

(1) http://invasive.m-fuukei.jp/sdetail.php?g=Pilea&s=microphylla [Cited 2009 March 16].

4.01

(1) No spines, thorns or burrs.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

4.02

No evidence. (1) A standard in the foliage trade and a standard house plant. Pilea cadierei was introduced to gardners in 1938 by French horticulturists.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

4.03

(1) Not parasitic.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

4.04

Unknown

4.05

(1) All above ground parts are toxic to some animals.

(1) http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/poison/Pileaca.htm [Cited 2009 March 12].

4.06

(1) No serious insect or disease problems.

(1) http://www.mobot.org/GARDENINGHELP/PLANTFINDER/Plant.asp?code=B612 [Cited 2009 March 12].

4.07

(1) No evidence of toxicity or allergies in PubMed. (2) No evidence in Toxnet.

(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez [Cited 2009 March 16]. (2) http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search [Cited 2009 March 16].

4.08

Unlikely (1) Pilea cadierei is a herbaceous groundcover.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

4.09

(1) Grows in the shade.

(1) http://hort.ufl.edu/shrubs/PILCADA.PDF [Cited 2009 March 12].

4.10

(1) Tolerates slightly alkaline soil; sand, loam, or clay.

(1) http://hort.ufl.edu/shrubs/PILCADA.PDF [Cited 2009 March 12].

4.11

(1) Erect, much-branched herb 6-16" tall.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

4.12

(1) Erect, much-branched herb 6-16" tall.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

5.01

(1) Erect, much-branched herb 6-16" tall.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

5.02

(1) Urticaceae

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

5.03

(1) Erect, much-branched herb 6-16" tall.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

5.04

(1) No bulbs, corms, or tubers.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

6.01

No evidence.

6.02

Unknown (1) Propagation is usually from stem cuttings. [no evidence of growth by seeds]

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

6.03

[Widely cultivated but no mention of hybrids or even sexual reproduction]

6.04

Unknown

6.05

Unknown (1) "Flowers have an unusual feature in that the stamens are bent inward and held ther until pressure forces them to spring erect. In staminate flowers this flings the pollen out of the anthers, and in pistillate flowers the sterile stamens do not straighten until the fruit has ripened; this ejects the achene from the enclosing tepals with some force.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

6.06

Unknown , however (1) Propagation is usually made by stem cuttings and at times is sold as bunches of unrooted stem cuttings.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

6.07

(1) Pilea cadierei forms a thick ground cover within 2 years.

(1) http://hort.ufl.edu/shrubs/PILCADA.PDF [Cited 2009 March 12].

7.01

(1) Groundcover that prefers semi-shaded areas with protection from drying winds.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

7.02

(1) A standard in the foliage trade and a standard house plant.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

7.03

Not likely. (1) This species is a standard in the foliage trade, but as a groundcover.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

7.04

(1) Fruit an achene, ovate or elliptic, compressed enclosed by a persistant tepal. "Flowers have an unusual feature in that the stamens are bent inward and held ther until pressure forces them to spring erect. In staminate flowers this flings the pollen out of the anthers, and in pistillate flowers the sterile stamens do not straighten until the fruit has ripened; this ejects the achene from the enclosing tepals with some force.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

7.05

(1) Fruit an achene, ovate or elliptic, compressed enclosed by a persistant tepal. "Flowers have an unusual feature in that the stamens are bent inward and held ther until pressure forces them to spring erect. In staminate flowers this flings the pollen out of the anthers, and in pistillate flowers the sterile stamens do not straighten until the fruit has ripened; this ejects the achene from the enclosing tepals with some force.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

7.06

(1) Fruit an achene, ovate or elliptic, compressed enclosed by a persistant tepal. "Flowers have an unusual feature in that the stamens are bent inward and held ther until pressure forces them to spring erect. In staminate flowers this flings the pollen out of the anthers, and in pistillate flowers the sterile stamens do not straighten until the fruit has ripened; this ejects the achene from the enclosing tepals with some force.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

7.07

(1) Fruit an achene, ovate or elliptic, compressed enclosed by a persistant tepal. "Flowers have an unusual feature in that the stamens are bent inward and held ther until pressure forces them to spring erect. In staminate flowers this flings the pollen out of the anthers, and in pistillate flowers the sterile stamens do not straighten until the fruit has ripened; this ejects the achene from the enclosing tepals with some force.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

7.08

[no mode of attachment]

8.01

[no evidence of seed prodcution]

8.02

[no evidence of seed prodcution]

8.03

Unknown

8.04

Unknown

8.05

Unknown