Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)

Pandanus pygmaeus

RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Low risk, score: 0

Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i.
Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment
  Pandanus pygmaeus (small screwpine) Score Answer
1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0
1.02 Has the species become naturalized where grown? n  
1.03 Does the species have weedy races? n  
2.01 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical” 2  
2.02 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high)                 see appendix 2 2  
2.03 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) n 0
2.04 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y 1
2.05 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?  y=-2 n  
3.01 Naturalized beyond native range         y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05 n 0
3.02 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed                              y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2) n 0
3.03 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed                         y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2) n 0
3.04 Environmental weed                                                     y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2) n 0
3.05 Congeneric weed                                                          y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2) n 0
4.01 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y 1
4.02 Allelopathic n 0
4.03 Parasitic n 0
4.04 Unpalatable to grazing animals    
4.05 Toxic to animals n 0
4.06 Host for recognized pests and pathogens    
4.07 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y 1
4.08 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems n 0
4.09 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle    
4.1 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)    
4.11 Climbing or smothering growth habit n 0
4.12 Forms dense thickets n 0
5.01 Aquatic n 0
5.02 Grass n 0
5.03 Nitrogen fixing woody plant n 0
5.04 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) n 0
6.01 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat n 0
6.02 Produces viable seed. y 1
6.03 Hybridizes naturally    
6.04 Self-compatible or apomictic n -1
6.05 Requires specialist pollinators    
6.06 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y 1
6.07 Minimum generative time (years)                 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1   0
7.01 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas) n -1
7.02 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y 1
7.03 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant n -1
7.04 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal n -1
7.05 Propagules water dispersed y 1
7.06 Propagules bird dispersed n -1
7.07 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) n -1
7.08 Propagules survive passage through the gut n -1
8.01 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)    
8.02 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)    
8.03 Well controlled by herbicides    
8.04 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire    
8.05 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)    
  Total score:   0

Supporting data:

  Notes Reference
1.01 No evidence  
1.02 No evidence  
1.03 No evidence  
2.01 (1)The herbarium specimens of P. Pgymaeus were all collected from Madagascar. (2)Paleotropic genus of probably 600-700 species. The greatest diversity in the genus is found in Madagascar (100 species) and Malesia (450-500 species). (1)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast  (2)Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., Sohmer, S. H. 1990. Manual of flowering plants of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press. Honolulu. Hawaii.
2.02    
2.03 Probably not - the altitudinal range of none of the specimens collected from Madagascar was greater than 800 m. http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast
2.04 Paleotropic genus of probably 600-700 species. The greatest diversity in the genus is found in Madagascar (100 species) and Malesia (450-500 species). Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., Sohmer, S. H. 1990. Manual of flowering plants of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press. Honolulu. Hawaii.
2.05 No evidence  
3.01 No evidence  
3.02 No evidence  
3.03 No evidence  
3.04 No evidence  
3.05 No evidence  
4.01 (1)Leaves green and spiny.  (2)Thorny and hard green fruit. (3)Toothed leaf with spines at top (1)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast?ssdp=00922061  (2)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast?ssdp=01202228  (3)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast?ssdp=01225053
4.02 No evidence  
4.03 No evidence  
4.04 Don’t know  
4.05 No evidence  
4.06 No evidence  
4.07