Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)


Lotus berthelotii


RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Low risk, score: -1


Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i.

Research directed by C. Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service

Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Lotus berthelotti (syn. Lotus peliorhynchus Hook. f. ); parrot's beak, Lotus vine, coral gem

Answer

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=-1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

n

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

1

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

1

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

n

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

?=-1, n=0

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

n

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

n

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

1

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

y

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

y

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

y

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-1

Supporting data:

Notes

Source

1.01

no evidence

1.02

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/Lotus+berthelotii

"naturalized in United States" [information from a online dictionary, seems not reliable]

1.03

no evidence

2.01

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program.Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN)[Online Database].National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?22687 (06 December 2003)

Native:
AFRICA
Macaronesia: Spain - Canary Islands [Tenerife] [Mediterranean]

2.02

2.03

(1) Horticopia A-Z.Horticopia, Inc., Purcellville, VA. ISBN 1-887215-07-7. (2) http://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/plants/plant_finder/plant_pages/3586.shtml (3)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Fabaceae/Lotus_berthelotti.html

(1) Hardiness Range 10A to 11 (2) it is not hardy and needs to be moved to a frost free place during winter. (3)USDA: 10-12

2.04

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program.Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN)[Online Database].National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?22687 (06 December 2003)

Native:
AFRICA
Macaronesia: Spain - Canary Islands [Tenerife]

2.05

(1) Kadner, R.; Eckart, G. (1992) Trials with new hanging basket, bedding and balcony plants. [FT: Neue Ampel-, Beet- und Balkonpflanzen im Versuch.] Gartenbau Magazin, 1992, Vol.1, No.4, pp.66-68
(2) http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb/6.00/taxa/11526.shtml (3)http://www.bakersacres.net/p_lists/spann.pdf

(1) Germany (2) United States: California (3)New York

3.01

 

no evidence

3.02

no evidence

3.03

no evidence

3.04

no evidence

3.05

no evidence

4.01

(1) Horticopia A-Z.Horticopia, Inc., Purcellville, VA. ISBN 1-887215-07-7. (2) http://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/plants/plant_finder/plant_pages/3586.shtml

no description of these traits

4.02

no evidence

4.03

no evidence

4.04

no evidence

4.05

no evidence

4.06

no evidence

4.07

no evidence

4.08

http://www.sunnyborder.com/bodtemp/lotus.htm

A fine textured, gray-blue plant with a cascading habit.[appears flamable but no direct evidence]

4.09

(1) Horticopia A-Z.Horticopia, Inc., Purcellville, VA. ISBN 1-887215-07-7. (2) http://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/plants/plant_finder/plant_pages/3586.shtml

(1) Exposure Partial shade or partial sun to full sun (2) Exposure: Full sun

4.1

(1) Horticopia A-Z.Horticopia, Inc., Purcellville, VA. ISBN 1-887215-07-7. (2) http://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/plants/plant_finder/plant_pages/3586.shtml (3)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Fabaceae/Lotus_berthelotti.html

(1) Soil Condition Loamy, sandy, neutral (2) Soil type: Well-drained/light, Dry, Sandy (3)needs good drainage

4.11

(1) Horticopia A-Z.Horticopia, Inc., Purcellville, VA. ISBN 1-887215-07-7. (2) http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb/6.00/taxa/11526.shtml

(1)groundcover (2)Stems: Not climbing

4.12

a groundcover

5.01

terrestrial

5.02

perennial legume

5.03

not woody

5.04

trailing groundcover

6.01

http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb/6.00/taxa/11526.shtml

"Notes: Almost certainly extinct in the wild, but often cultivated. "

6.02

Horticopia A-Z.Horticopia, Inc., Purcellville, VA. ISBN 1-887215-07-7.

Propagation: cuttings; seeds;

6.03

no evidence

6.04

no evidence

6.05

flowers appear specialized based on photo; possibly birds

6.06

http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Fabaceae/Lotus_berthelotti.html

Growth Habits: Spreading perennial [don't know if it is capable of rooting at nodes; can be used as ground cover]

6.07

Horticopia A-Z.Horticopia, Inc., Purcellville, VA. ISBN 1-887215-07-7.

Elsewhere it is used as an annual planted primarily in containers.

7.01

no evidence

7.02

http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb/6.00/taxa/11526.shtml

"often cultivated. "

7.03

no evidence

7.04

[based on other Lotus spp.]

7.05

[based on other Lotus spp.]

7.06

[based on other Lotus spp.]

7.07

[based on other Lotus spp.]

7.08

[based on other Lotus spp.]

8.01

http://avesinternational.com/coastal.html

[based on photos - large flowers, probably on ly a few seeds per pod as in other Lotus spp.]

8.02

other Lotus sp. Have hard seed coat.

8.03

no evidence

8.04

http://www.suite101.com/discussion.cfm/701/14279

"The mother he takes the cuttings from is a large shrub, perhaps 3 to 4 feet tall. Of course it greatly decreases in size in late-January, when he cuts all the branches off. "

8.05

no evidence


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